J
‘dn y / | s ak
E FLORA ' udi
5 See Sage dés.
a: ae > Teal ags
NORTH AMERICA, £2 9
à F.A , s Lar eg tos y -—
rc REG —— P s Nm F.
EXOGENOUS OR à DICOTYLEDONOUS BLANY i
-7 CONTINUED. e
Szoros I. MONOPETALOUS EXOGENOUS PLANTS. m
Floral envelopes consisting of both calyx and corolla; the
u composed of united petals* (rmonapessinns or gam é
ous).
ee
^
A x I. Saye adherent to the ovary (ovary inferior). t
"s CONSPECTUS OF THE Poa IN THIS DIVISION. =
* Ovary with 2 or more cells, a d lm
e d Stamens inserted upon y
Stipe none. d E Cbürrocn ia
Stipules interpetiolar, or Sig the leaves. =a : f
Stipules? 2 1 to 3 on each side, entirely similato z
"os leaves and forming wi - a verücil. Y =
Stipules seen the petioles! a *
cohere
pm X A few —1 pests of Ptumbaginac, s some Asner,
polypetalous, or »
a few bine pa : :
w Ru *otary x pibe
Lo mue l " CAPRIFOLIACER. l 5o Lmwza. Qd
ze t 4 3
> * * Ovary with a single k and asolitary ovule, or rarely du 3 cells, two
: Y which are enpty. Seeds with little or no albumen. Fruit indehiscent.
stinct. Seed suspended.
ers not in involucrate*heads. Albumen none. 74. VALERIANACER.
_ Heads dense, involucrate. Seeds: al us, 75. DipsaceBy ^
ens syngenesious. Heads involucra =a 76. Composirz. © ^ q
: ore Ora with one or several Velle, and mumerós ovules. Stamens 1
x EE ‘with the corolla. Prodi capsular. Seeds mostly à =
ünous.
Corolla irregular. Stamens united. | P S. TT. LowucrB: x.
Corolla regular. Stamens mostly distinct. e e. 10: AL. 2 |
Corolla regular, 5-parted. Anthers sessile. ~- x os. Podesta” ^
Ss A "
pe
EN am CAPRIFOLIACEAE Juss; DO.
Theo Er adherent to the o E 5 the limb 5- (rarely 4- )
. eleft or —€— Valls E es or somet e5 rotate ; the lobes im-
bricate in æs r and alternate with
om deficient), and inserted
X anthers introrse, versatile,” Ovary 9- (rarely 4—5-)
several pendulous ovules in each cell: style filiform, |
j capitate stigma ; or wanting, and the oblong stigmas _ _
3-5. Fruit baccate, fleshy, or sometimes dry (rarely capsular), often + |
1-celled by abortion, Seeds anatropous. Aes in the axis of —
a ce en.—Shrubs, or rarely herbaceous pl w 5 opposite a
E eaves. Infoseite vege > M oe
: sa? e "e og TES E
ERE
_ Subaibe I Carnon —Fruit baccate, or Bou neatly dry.
ta of the seed erust à ceous. .. ONE 2 :
no. 774 ; DC. prodr. i
prodr, 4, p340. E
ee limb lanceolate-subul ate.
vino oe somewhat ei í
dii
Saa A
oe a A l va B
= y , y "
^
at
LINNEA. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ. 3
— .
with broadly oval sparingly erenate-toothed leaves, abruptly narrowed into a
petiole. Peduncles filiform, terminating the ascending branches, bearing
two pedicellate (minutely bibracteolate) nodos flowers. Mer, Lair:
. rose-color or nearly white.
«e nod. boreali Saera "Lon Lapp. p. 214, t. 19, f. 4, fl. Suec. ed. 2.
si p. 219 A od i Spec. 2 j. Dan. L3; Schkuhr, ‘handb: t. 176; s
All. 1.536; Engl. bot pp. p E
1 Pu At
Richards. appx i
v (A. Lond. n. ser. t.199 a. l.p. 285.
[oist mossy woods, usually under the shade of a from dis Arc-
— tic Circle to the New England. Rs! New Aan New J ersey ! (in a cedar
swamp near New Durham, M enard,) and the mountains of o
sylvania; and from Newfoundland! and Labrador! to the
_ tains! Oregon! Unalaschka and Kotzebue's Sound! June-July.—
filiform, sending up numerous short nches. ~ deai about DUM ed "ind
larly the calyx-tube a n ressed bra clot ed wil h ol;
Corolla hairy ndi pretending ud gine al plani
from its association Ur d Linneus, ed asw ets tmd
out the northern gon of the new, as ofthe o <3
2. sxurnioni@anres Dill. Elth. p.371. 1.278; DC. prod
Symphoria, Pers. ‘es, v. ee
: Calyx-tube Sont the limb 4-5-toothed, persistent. Corolla infundibu- -
lifor or campanulate, somewhat regularly 4-5-lobed. Stamens 4-5, in:
= serted into the throat of the corolla. Ovary 4-celled ; two of the cells with
several abortive ovules; the two others (opposite) : each with a single fertile
* agp ovule pendulous from the summit. Stigma capitate. Fruit a globose id
berry, 4-celled ; two opposite cells 1-seeded, the others empty. Seed? bna.
= —Sm all ein shrubs (natives of America and Mexico) ; with
+ eaves on short petioles. mall, bibracteolate, in short -
Ev" axillary. uses or terminal spikes. € aed ere or white. Berries
à uie 3
a ? MC e
rminal, loose, interrupted, often so .
e5 Style D NUS
su Park i
ers (mostly on inco
ge States! to Oregon
. & Arn. bot. Beech
hos
Ie, ] t. 3 ae
* $ Pi * k, Bd. uo.
E . -NE `
" E. m
i X *
a a
t- CAPRIFOLIACER. "^ SYMPHORICARPUS.
e S. occidentalis (R. qom) s spikes oui terminal and. axillary, n nod- -
Æ din sely bearded within: stamens |
d (commphat bearded) ` ek exserted. Tk Br. in Richards. ! appt. —-
j Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 6 ; d
Wi country of British Brie Tee 5 and Saskatchawan i
S
(Drummond !) to the sources of the Mississippi, Dr. Houghton ! and near
ort Gratiot, ae Dr. Pitcher ! Also Oregon, Douglas. (Hook.) June
Ju uly.—Shrub 1-4 feet high. Leaves ovate, 1-3 inches long, somewhat .
he airy above, pubescent underneath, — Neen the petioles about one- E
third of an e e ong. Spikes nearly se Calyx-teeth minutely ciliate. — -
-. Corolla ; rplish and white, larger than in ihe pe peta and the border miore ~
"Bprea D. ** Berries White, remaining on the plant during the autumn and »
. winter. "Dr. Pitcher.— Wolf-Berry of the Canadians.
Tom aris (Michx.): spikes axill : almost _ Sessile, capitate-glo-
Crude MS ME 3 sone ide; stamens
a. and (bearded) by included.— Mic. rfl. n J- pa LN ie -p |
é flora, Desf. cat. hort. Par, "gene © Symphoricarpos, Linn. 7 spec. 1. p 4
noc 175. gw. Lo. dear Pers. a Pe 214. S. a Purs
l- exp Nutt. ! 9; Torr. tfi.1
" anks of ri me PRdeylvanin (Miultenfora) Virginia and mountains of
. the Southern States! to the Upper Missouri (Nuttall! Dr. James!) and — ~
exas, Drummond! July-Sept.—Shrub 2-3 feet hich, with erect - ari f
lé pubesee ent branches. Leaves about an inch and a ha If long, roundish-oval i
or ovate, mucronate, ke 2d hairy above, tomentose-pubescent beneath. :
mE much shorter n the leaves. Corolla 2 lines long, greenish-red;
the tube bearded in den Cosas arta the size of a small currant, defi red m
( luish- purple, Nutt.) — Indian Curran
S. mollis s (Nutt.! mss. y “racemes very short, towards the summit of.
the branches, n ly sessile ; corolla, glabrode inside; calyx conspicuous ; e
hoa villous un
~ leaves oval or ovate, obtuse, pubesc ry and softly |
BN demes . * "
E. St. Barb omnia ; common.—Nearly to the preceding; but
with small on ie oe flowers and a conspi allied to calyx. Flowers des :
— ” - Nuttall. res
spikes x very short, was the summit of — |
Bigeduncalate: = esse leaves ` ^n
5. S. ci s -—- [T :
derneath; c
very sm te reddish.-
Flowers i nsiderably
vas: bat differs in the leaves being Sotalia at ase and .
Nuttall
j 'ICERA. = Desf. fl. Atl. 1. p. 183; Dc. prodr.
` ylosteon, Caprifoliam, Chameecerasus, E iil wr. ^R
E "
Calyx- tube eiue iiobis: baiiia hiat Commie 4
r, infundibulifo: or campanulate, often gibbous at the base; the limb 5-
ee early regular, or ringent. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled, with sever- .
al pendulous ovules in each cell. Stigma capitate. Berry 2-3-celled, or by x
obliteration 1 d, few-see See |
Lonicera ` - 5^ CAPRIFOLIACEX. 5
$1. Stem climbing: leaves often connate : lowers sessile, in verticillate-
capitate clusters: berries never connate, often 1-celled when mature, crowne ad
with the persistent limb of the calyxr-—CAPRIFOLIUM, Juss. . ^
* Corolla nearly regular. (Periclymenum, Tourn.)
. L. sempervirens (Ait.): leaves oblong and hebr piisk, r penae =
Te glaucous and sliehtl pu Turn underne ath; thel somewhat
(ed. 1) L. p. 230; Walt. Car. p. 131; Bot. mag. t. 781, & 1753; Bot. ot. reg. | oh
556; Torr.! fl. 1. p. y: DC. prodr. 4. p. 432. Ča prifolium sempervi
rens, Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 10 ; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 160 ; Ell. sk. 1
orders of dep Island of New York! to, Geo m Flerida! and -
Saphistana: April-Oct. (in the E States.) em t "n over Hon
or docete prostrate. Leaves 14 to nearly 3 inches long; the upper 1-2 —
inches wide ; the lower Siento almost lanceolate. Pedur den 1-2 inches,
ons orls owy, inodoro
leaves are somewhat DL the case with the native plant in the -
Southern States.—Scarlet aise es T. Hiisesoite, t
ys EA ciliosa Ariani aye eie Ae beneath, cons;
m, Pursh ! ^ ned
regon ; on ee Koos koosky, Love? and alon ng the e Oregon from the Falls
to the sea, Nutiall/—We have see n the original specimens in Mr. Lambert's
herbarium, but as e not means of completing the diagnosis between this
and the following species. "The flowers has bright yellow, according to Mr.
2 ; who alone seems to have im with the plant, subscqueliy to
mantas PRSE ma rm nearly sessile, Due. 2
cous underneath; upper ones counate-perfoliate ; aay m
gis
con
S; coroll a (orange-red) glabrous; the tube elongated, ish
e the early equal; stamens somewhat
Po r^ pe p. 282. Capi Eua E HEN
tg the. „upper lip E oh ir: m Crisis
Natives of the United States and Canada.
es
es CAPRIFOLIACER. 5 LONICERA.
filaments glabrous rx .C.; Willd. spec. 1. p. 984 ; DC. prodr. 4. p
332; E VET ! fl. Cest. p. 159. Canain Es ai Pursh, f. 1. p. 10;
Ell. sk. 1. p
- ana, Dr. Hale! ** Mountai o Ca wolina," Pursh. May.—
about "inches
ye ation nn or e. leaves (small and rather crowded)
: vie glabrou s, glaucous beneath; the upper pair connate-perfoliate ; the
rs distinct, eau: owers in small ae heads; tube of the glabrous
EM slender; not gibbous; filaments gla .
rairies near Fort Towson, on the kanse D r. Leavenworth !—Climb-
ing over bushes and small trees. Leaves less than an inch long, rather rigid.
Corolla ** white," about thitee-fourtha of an-inch long; the lower oou
scarcely half the length of the Bander tube. Stamens somewhat exserted.—
A
ava (Sims): sae and somewhat glaucous; stem scarcely
a iia leaves ovate, o vate, or oval, with a narrow Cartilaginous. margin;
the upper pairs conna oa liate; the lowest distinct; flowers in small
heads or ns: ote ate wh: tube of the gla cms corolla ae not gib-
"DO o Con glabrous.—Sims, bot. mag. t orr. fl. 1. p. 943
C Caprifolium. Fraseri, Pursh! di © 160. C. f flavunf, Ell. sk.
more glaueous 3 the lower — ons narrowed at the base; tube
of the corolla rather short d stoute Ew ee *
Rocky pese of reer p untiin $ New York, 5 Pursh; and Paris
OE S. Carolina, Fras in distriets of G orgia, - Boykin!
- B. M— RE above: Col Col us, Ohio, Mr. Sullisant! Milwaukie,
uly.—Leaves 13 to nearly 3 inches long,
s md often with an extr y minute and soft
vi Apron shove: m 18
ery” nee beneath, obtuse, or with a blunt
whitish caducous pubes
per 4-lobed. Stamens ex-
» Which han long voen cultivated in the puce.
z pe irsuta (Eaton): stem mostly twiuin ; leaves (pale green, not
shining) bi a dly oval, very veiny, ciliate, serio T t hairy [X vil-
; rfoliate, often nea rly glabrous; the
a od three rée together; the flowers in
£t bu. viscid- e
83
hor
: slightly ome ec at the base;
Eaton! ma ‘ed. 3. p.
cal -Am. 1
y p 323 ; Hook. exot. fl.
s
‘Moist ar Tolis Pennsylvania A gah ort t) to Wesi Louisi-
-
E
P
Sta
parentl Dre very distinct species: the Corolla, in shape, hber. that of
filament towards the
341; if Pa ae non f. 5n; :
bese
| ; Brit ae ui.
p.758. "D ugntolium
*
LowiERA. © _ CAPRIFOLIACE E. 7
banks and margin of thickets, in damp soil, Canada! and Michi-
Su
ge: (aroupa. Lake Huron and L -—
v Englan
perior!) and in the northern parts of
1 Sta MAI une-July.—Stem often twin- ..
nd the Nev
ing to pe s ight of 15-30 feet, rh somewhat age branches.
cuo
ye Ves long, a and a broad, memb
greet a little glandular or viscid),
what rugose, sprinkled with scattered hairs ahó M of which are
icuo e
d or slightly pointed at the base
glabrous when old. Peduncles and even the ovaries often covered with a
uides icd or eoa pubescence, like that of the eorolla. Flowers nus.
and st ed; the ee
like the filaments, more or less hairy below, somietim himute. Berri
eeded.
ange, 3—5-s
L. parviflora (Lam.): ee
liptical or oblong, smooth, shining
eae
- sted trailing or EH leaves X.
above, very. glauco s beneath, with
a
slight often undulate dide. apta margin Me bim. per - e -perfoliate ;
the
others xu an ostly so
ate; flowers in a more or less
mewhat c
pe eduscitibe head or 2-3 5 clos ely a de whorls; corolla short, Loren)
below.—ZLam. -
E iiis at oi ^ filaments somewhat
dict. 1l. p. 7 Torr. £: fl. À. p. AE. igi fs pa ed. 2
+ pen 4. Ad B Hook. ji. Bor.- Am
te Linn. nes es in p. i
reg. t. "L.m Murr. in
m,
test, Rem. §
* s
SHE p 200: eo
8.7? leaves pubescent or even ebimewhat villous- tomentose > entath the
lower ones distinct, sessile or slightly petioled ; corolla paye esi yim PME
viflora 8. Hook. l. c. €. Ca ium Dou
` Lindl. in hort. trans ae p.n C. Put villi i Richards’ appz. Fiankl
journ. ed. 2. - p. 6,
Rocky banks of. does, &c. Canada! (from Hudson's Bay.to the Roc
Mountains, a. & 8. Hoo -) and from the New En gland. States! to Missouri, |
and sparingly in the mountains of the Sou B. Saskatchawan
c., Dou rt Gratiot, Michi Dr Pitche / imestone
o, Mr. vant Pr :
feet long. dne 2-3, or on young shoots even 4 inches some-
sparse deciduous pu
us Silos; the lower ones often nar.
eneath, but usually —
ed = i base, | Sessile. —
a 8-9 lines long, including the short spreading E ae tinged
-. with dul ull purple. Stamens exsert Berri
rted. oranges—In rom
Ohio, T © zene of the ME regie E the oreo s apparently deci-
duous, and in vi gorous shoots t
var. B. fro
y are
ones inclined to ovate-lance olate. We ave | bris P on that this is
with the Caprifolium Doug
the leaves in the slightest
ies : but our specimens
the —
7 9. de California: fá
uppermost
; leaves ovate-o|
connate- i
s long; the lower - -
mame ——
ed
" “a * 3 fi : :
EN . a CAPRIFOLIACEH: ^ "Lowirma *
flowers i in rather distant whorls; the peduncle -— rachis clothed with gland-
cular and hispid hairs intermixed ; tube of the corolla conspicuously gibbous,
aeiy hairy, not longer than the deeply bilabiate limb; filaments some-
i ase, exserted ili
MAR Cur
S
3
E
ss
[^^]
Š
eo
B5
o
et
o
Fe
"y
dE
=
hu
e
T
i|
>
a
xy
2
fa
Fh
a)
F
s.
—
ong; ti "wi
stipuliform appendages. Cor olla (incluling the BD seve m ore prei half
yello i
se
- which the younger branches are said to be airy along one side: in our
specimen Douglas's Californian N the branches are kaonei
les, &c. pdepedly fand ular and somewhat hirsute. It is
quite different from the Caprifolium ciliosum of Pursh, and T pea ang
other North Anand species.
= 16. L. hispidul a (Dou ugl. mss. is stem slender twining Meine, | sere
OF pilose-hispid ; leaves rather rigid, ov. as ric a obtuse, glaucous be-
vill ed;
es connate-perfoliate; heads or whorls on slender peduncles 8; p
nearly glabrous; the upper lip shorter than the gibbous tubes” pre es 4d
e ad hairy below, exserted.—L. microphylla, Hook. fl. Bor.-Am
283 hin es ers), not of Willd. Caprifolium hispidulum, Lindl fi A
_ bot. re Ks
rand and rocky places, oe: on Mount Hood, and at the Grand Re
es of the Oregon, at ‘Oak Poi ) &c. Douglas. * Oak Point,’ on the Ore
gon near the in "Nutt all !—A ‘nal mostly trailing shrub, pubescent with
slender sca hairs. Leaves 6 to 10 lines, or sometimes an inch in. ^
length; the upper surfa ace glabrous, and the one ortwe upper pairs often con- . EC
nate-perfoliate, in the cultivated plant. Flowers — "emerit cn near dy. E
pest Corolla a bout half an inch long. Oca gla Calyx-teeth ~~
minute.—According to the description and figure in the Beason Register,
li
oes he tube. In the wild plant, the leaves are about three-
I an n inch a ieii according to Me Nuttall; but the upper ones
n pm (Hoo "&- Arn. je and much branched;
a
bus fs W^
e
e leaves, corolla pubescent; leaves (
pie be ellipti oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, shini e,
d 9n Peg! short petioles ; spikes few-flowered, bracteate ; corolla bila-
el em 2-, the other 3-cleft.'— Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, suppl
ro
Douglas. Bushy hills near. St. cer. Nuttall.— An erect
arly ale
: er xe y 3 feet Jig. ; Im ularh nt leaves, gag pale pink
tower. and a minute calyx." Nuit. B donum about an inch long,
1 remote. pairs of bracts pef in thei S asi lesser
ez Sarik; bear the flowers solitary or in pairs. Corolla not half an
E Loo, ereht f from — other Lonicera. - Hook. & Arn.
E Ko
= 2. ab Rs connate: peduncles ae 2-4-bracteate Be on (rarely.
Slowered at the summit: berries geminate, distinct or often un
E = wb of the me e per
Ea
& s jd
Lonicera. . = CAPRIFOLIACER., T
- Pedunde A-bracteate at the summit ; the bracts foliaceous and dilated.
; FEL. foliero (Herb. Banks.): stem erect or reclined; branches —
prominently 4- angled ; leaves ovate-oblong or oval, petioled, obtuse or acu- -
inate, hirsute-pubescent beneath; peduncles shorter than the leaves, 2~3- —
za red ; exterior bracts ovate or subcordate ; the interior broadly obovate s
or obcordate, "5 t frat Vert small, at length many times larger than the distinct
ovaries and enclosing e fruit; corolla pube. gibbous-at the base on the
outside.— Spreng. syst. 1. p. 759; DC. prodr.4. p. 336; Lindl. bot. reg. t.
1179 ; Hook. ! £t - Am. 1. p. yee a ru Lodo Eschs. in mem. acad.
St. Petersb. 10. p. 284; DC. l.c ham. I in Linnea, 3. p. 138;
Hook. & Arn.! bot. BUR Y, p p. 143, oup. P. 349. Xylosteon involucra-
tum, Richards.! appx. Frankl. journ. ed
Saskatchawan! (and woody country fu ^ 54° to 64°) and Rocky
Mou to the North West Coast between lat. 54° & 56°. Also in Cali-
nia, E: , Douglas ! Nuttall !— tem 2~10 fee t long, * often sup-
lines in length, usually cuminate point. Corolla yellowish,
6-7 line , pubescent and glandular, cylindraceous; the lobes sho
s e
_the interior at first very small, but becoming large and conspicuous in fruit,
-each conn of two partially united and overlapping bracts. i
* * Peduncle minutely 2-bracteolate p the summit.
* 33. L. ciliata (Mag) stem erect; leaves ovate-cblotiit often cordate, pe
pilose-ciliate, the younger ones villous beneath ; peduncles shorter than the
eaves; bracts shorter than the ovaries; teeth of the calyx very obtuse; co-
rolla obtusely saccate at the base; the lobes em and somewhat equal; style
- exserted ; berries distinct, diverging. — Muhl ep . 4. p.
E E Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 283. L. Canadensis, Ren. & Schult. syst.
960. Xylosteum Tartaricum, € ! a 6. (not L. Tartari-
55 Lin nn.) X.ciliatum, Pursh! fl. 1. p. ae 73 album, which is
Soroa racemosus, fide Nut i); orr. !. fl. l.p . 245; Bigel.! fl.
ed. 2 88.
so ocky woods and VIL en throughout Canada (from the Sakuri a
and the northern portions of the New England States! ?
vania and Ohio! May —Shrub 3-5 feet high. with. aie a
nc
nb us, light green, 1-2 or more i is obs:
,rathe cute: petioles short, beset wi e stly l Ma 2»
"gre enish-yellow somewhat ee a ree-fourths of an inch long
. Lc a (Linn.): stém erect; leaves oval or oval-oblong, hirsute
on adi riu orm or quite glabrous above when — e pear very
at 3
hort, reflexed in fruit; b cis subulate, longer than the ovaries ; lagbe — =
bogs M tha base a lobes short, nearly edis il; berries (deep ge ond law i E.
` cous) globose, formed by the union of 2 ovaries.— Linn. s spec. 1. p. 174; E
Pall. fl. Ross. t. 37; Bot. mag. t. 1965; DC. prodr. 4. p. 337; Hook.! ft.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 983. L.cmrulea Canadensis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 731,
: a Can 3lex DC. —
AL. M e Dc. £45 c. (excl.syn. Goldie, Torr. $c.) ; Hook. § "bot. —
ec .115. Xylost souii inie, Eaton! 3 xy
sum, Bige! ! As Bost ed. ar ; Torr.!
): ! appx- Frankl. journ. ed. |
B. villosa : wire iut P wif: crece trs debeely vi
VOL. T * :
2
10 CAPRIFOLIACE K. ".. LowickRA, a
í
=. tose; limb of the e sy ciliate.—L. velutina, DC.! d. e. a 4
$ villosum, Michx. ! ji
n s ES Li abehilér ! aud New woundlana ! to the Rocky E
Mountains in British America, and north to lat. extending south to the —
- mountains or mountainous districts of Massachusetts! and New York! ~. -`
; Hudson’s Bay, Michaux! Newfoundland, use ! Máy.— Shrüb - 1-4 feet
high; the younger branches mostly villous. Leaves an inch or less in
‘length. eue yellow, about half an inch long, either glabrous or hairy,
longer than the peduncles; the lobes longer than the aper b erect.
Stamens parcel? exserted: filaments bearded.— We agree with
aa? in oe our plant i identieal with the L. en "t Europe and
ibe
*
5. L. oblongifolia ( (Hook.) : stem erect, much branched; leaves oblong .
a or oval, peg pates when young, at sinc: amoa glabrous; pedun- ` 3
eles filifor uch longer tha n the flower ; bracts obsolete; corolla” =
"e bv $
L4
ay ©
as o.
E:
[s]
r=
a
£3
BS
oo
THE
ad
RE
[e]
[2]
| 8
co
c
c8
zn
mm
ad
EB
—_
-
dil
[e]
pie
[e
ME.
“os
3
[1
^
iU
Do
[2o
rr
uk
wm
SeS
my
UST
oe
ZA
. the union of s ovaries ori -Am L. villosa, -
> Ile artly. Xyloscuis oblongifolium, "oidie, in n Edinb. phil. jours i |
pe» E mps, Canada, Mr. Goldie, «b dl orthern and
< Western p the State of New York! May—June.—Shrube3—4 feet -
short lobes. Filaments near y glabrous, , not ex sec didy the corolla: anthers
* aes BP! a airy. Berries about the size of a lar arge pea, marked wi ith the i
ves of Ker d two approximated calyces. *
nally : the lower lip oblong-linear, often spre veins e he upper erect, with 4 - -
4 DIERVILLA. Tourn. in act. acad. Par. (1706) t. 7. f. 1.5; Linn. hort. 4
g OEC t. 7; Las
t ill. t. 105 ; Sieb. f Zucc. A. Japon. p.68.1.99-32. = s
unb— Cal ysphryum, Bunge.—Diervilla & Weigela, Alph. DC. |
Calyx-tube oblo: or cylindrical, often attenuated at the summit ; the se - E
A. of the i limb linear or subulate. Corolla infundibuliform ; 4 ihe* :
limb 5c eft, nearly regular or slightly bilabiate. Stamens 5. Ovary 2- -
eous or crus a ceous, 2-celled, 2-valved,
- septicidal ; the 2-lobed ;lacentze usually “strongly projecting into the cells
each bearing numerous seeds in a d ouble series. Seeds with a scrobiculaté i
testa, naked or n cce" (natives of. North America, Japan, and
a China). Leaves ovate or oblong, mostly pétioled, serrate, acute,
s. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1-flowered or cymosely 3-7- .
i. the central flower pou sessile; all bibracteate atthébase. ——
- The Asiatic indie have been-admirabh
: tedabove. These all have a somey
.. branaceous, Zucc.) furnished w
,
‘illustrated by Zuccarini, in the work ci-
durate capsule, and the seeds (testa mem=
sis ;
Xr
into- wh
honse De s g
olle de Genève: Jan. 1839) not onl ly retains 5
ons; = this even without being acquainted — ..
which “a the most dee de
Li e; » E a
y
ae
+
s
v» e a a: >
_Drenvizia. CAPRIFOLIACEZE. no
à th . We know not whether Mr. Brown was acquainted with these difference
+ when he united Weigela to Diervilla, or whether he would consi € bos cs of dose erie ^ c
importance. It must be remarked that both the elder an er De C -— "e
i sion, described the capsule of Di pille a as one- erm
tanists consider it 4-celled, an nic ;
=
rs
have, by some misapy
half 2-celled ; while Jussieu'and some other
Mike, since the placentze often reach nearly or quite to the back of each cell.
§ Sowers yellowish: capsule membranaceous : seeds not furnished with a crest
ES Subtribe 2. Triosreæ.—Fruit drupaceous; the endocarp bony
- -- tured, perhaps, to restore the pri :
ne), had we found any thing like uniformity s among botanists
L
or wing; the testa crustaceous.—DIERVILLA proper
m
- D. trifida (Meench) : UN oblong-ovate, acuminate, on short seem
glabrous or somewhat ha n the veins beneath ; peduncles 1-3-(mostl
ered ; capsule affi at the summit, crowned with the subulate-set-
cadiensis PE cosa
-) OW
aceous teeth of the calyx. LEN meth.
&c. Tourn.; Duham. arb. 1. D. Toa nefonti. Miche 1f 107 ;
Torr. ! A. E. p: E. D. EA Pers. syn. 1. p. 3 Canadensis, e
hus Biget Q Bot ed p09; D T. 4. po
Darlingt.! fl. curi p. er ep
. Willd. enum. 1. p.
330; k.!.fl. Bor.-
ET. p JL 1. p. Ts Losers Diervilla Linn.! mat. med. p. 62, s
" voté es “early — rather yap serrate. sess (e
c Rocke 8, Canada ! an nd fr om Newfoundland ptas Bale
the Roe! Ne ains. Nonhórm and Middle States! pe along the higher
> sae Mea Casita. B. 2: the Black Mountains, North C Am.
_. M.A. Curtis !—May-June. Stem 2-4 feet high, bn ched. Lea
inches Jong.. Rach ios the wd of the upper leaves, rather long
ral flower emp iud ceres ones pedicellate. racte- 5
. Corolla greenish-yellow, about three- E:
ens
< . the petioles : the
oles stfbülate, dioner than the ov
— of an inch
^ « good on
. adoption of some one among the later names -
of the seed scr es i:
S i TRIOSTEUM. Limn.; Gaertn. ft 55
^ Calyx-tube ovi FE ` the se se gments dA 5-parted limb linear-lanceolate, fo-
liaceous, persistent, Ci : orolla- tubular, gibbous at the base, somewhat equally
- ^. 5-lobed, a little longer than the calyx. Stamens 5, incl Ovary 3-
* s (rarely 4—5-) celled, with a sin, nonu ovale suspen ndedfrom the sum-
- mit of each cell: style included goctntate, somefvhat3-lobed. Fruit —
= drupaceous, rather dry, A cm n-obove obscurely 3-(5-) sided, containing e 7
Lam. ill. t. 150.
Cu
d ug Dr. Tinker’s-weed.
E
fe Shady planen, Virginia and North Carolina! to Louisiana! Arkansas ^
ue
E T3 SAMBUCUS. Tes Lone; ed d Lam. ill. t. 9311. 3
E. = 7
12 CAPRIF OLIACE;E. TRIOSTEUM.
clustered ; or rarely (by the reduction of the leaves) verticillate in a terminal E
raceme. E
T. perfoliatum (Linn.):1 ‘stem hina zn "esed soft viscous hairs; €i
, ab th -
base, velvety Pu
bescent beneath, somewhat hair iry Kis Tower all brown a s. x sess m
art.
! 245 ; * Sweet, Brit e gard. iet. 45;
Pastas! n Cest. p . 159. E majus, „Michx. ! Atl ee oper
mum, Dill. Elth. i 293, f. 378
Shady rocky places, dna soil, PUE, the Northern, Middle, and
Western States! and al e mountains of the Southern States. Ma
t
be escent A be rounded. Fi aie Du Meaty. 5 tyle E EA T ‘raft hal
inch long, pubescent, orange-color r (not purple when mature, as desc ad b »1
Push, Fanok & DC.), crowned E: the fi vem Aprende D of the -
calyx: nucules marked with 3 strong ribs and 4 ves on the back, k, and
with 2 grooves and a central projection on the face. The leav: re some-
times more or e sinuate, w which is noticed by De Candoll a ( :
A Meee specimens of this form in the herbarium of t ge Mr E
wae init e root is reputed to B be emetic and cathartic, and |
thë pli 3
csi in the popo Ps ed der the name of Homes i
Bän. Ferer- "snl LO
i bispid t ;, Med lanceolate or Fabio:
escent or almost glabrou
mi 'ubes beneath, hir- =
sute above; the e (ochroleucous) mostly tt: in the axils, sessile or = ‘
somew ulate.— inn- 11 oe 6 (pl. corem ys E z
A 37;
Pursh, L c er DG! SEES 4. p. 3
ELE e Periclymenum hoste
T.m
ceum, &c. Pluk. A ss 287, t. "1047
nd Missouri! May-June.—A smaller mrs than the preceding, with me
. Yohes of the ochroleucous UA deep n proportion, the tube less gibbous - "n à
at the base, &c. It probably has the same properties as T. perfoliatum, and
- bears the same popular names. dede - received it under the name of _
Trege II. SAMBUCE Æ. Kunth.
se agg à age rotate, or Sy somewhat
doc
ndocarp of the fruit crust
Tess of the — ae $ = raphe
A Be upying P inner
£
gt
T
on the beo AE a on Ds ise, each co containing a suspended
Shrubs or or perennial =? odor. emerge
-a
1
A
an
e
*
* ES
E A j
v» E
Fa
SAMBUCUS. CAPRIFOLIACE E. 13
~ nately divided ; the leaflets or divisions strade or incised, often pseudo-sti-
pellate, or with 2 glands at the base of each pair. Cymes ——- yy.
soid orfastigiate. Flowers whites or sometimes reddish.—
R iaai ner, and most subsequent ^. except Kunth, have described the fruit
& et this genus yS a pepper berry ; the nucules being taken for seeds.
s ST S. ‘bens (Miehx.): stem shrubby; leaves pinnately 5-7-foliolate ; oc:
leaflets ovate-lanceola ate, acuminate, the lower surface and the petioles pubes-
cent; thyrsus ovoid or pyramidal, rather loose.— Mich ! Jt l. p. 181;
Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 321; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 393; Bongard! veg. Sitcha, in
mem. acad. St. os. ues 6) 2. p. 144 S5 escens, Pers. syn. 1. p.
. 328; Pursh, t ; Ell. sk. 1. p. "368: "S. racemosa, "Hook k.! f
3 Bor.- Am. 1.
. -T p. leucoca white
ey. HR i. leaflets 7-9, ta serratures longer and narrower;
. anthers Jarge-— S. arborescens, Mm S. racemosa 8. Hook. ! l.c X
a
c. Canada! from Hee —€— and Notita
* E. Estates! 1o ics of Carolina! Bites a the Rocky Mountains, Ore-
a . gon! and Sitcha, Gerd var ic 2d as skill Mountains, Mr. J. Hog 4
— May; the fruit mature in Ju dues em 2-10 feet high, sometimes
Eis odi d i cp of 3 by ide at the base; the branches often warty.
y pubescent es young seldom spelléts. Thyrsus about 3
1 ong. Berries scarlet.—Hooker, perhaps with good reason, unites this
ecies with the S. ndi d (c. We have ee
= anit, arborescent, and at ast 18 feet high. $e
2. S. Canadensis (Linn.) : stem suffrutescenty leaves pitate 7-1l-fo- ~
T liolate ; leaflets oblong or wat atumia glabro ep 5 Ra FO on
_ the midrib ; the lower ones often 3 pare cymes vrbc il le 5-part
—Li ; : y. 281 ; de zE p. 203; Ell.
; Tom #. 1. p. 3215 DOE odr. 4. p H. f ' Bor.-
a Darling. FA. Cest. p a ane arbust. p.
. nat. p. 13.
s Thickets ud: aoo eee in rich soil, throughout the United States! and
= Canada! June-Ju uly. —Stem 5-10 feet high, stout, bas with pith. Leaflets
s$ * hot unfrequently furnished with d stipellate appendages. Cymes
i K- nches in diameter; the flowers pur s hi. Berries small, dark
= or BATY Pes When mature}; Tube deep enge D S. ni-
ex un" of Europe.— Common Elder. 5
* 83. S. glauca at ! P: «somewhat arborescent, e leaves
pinnate ; leaflets airs, lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrulate, undi-
vided; cy megane g reading; t (black) very glaucous. S
aem ME near the Blue Mountains: common.—Berries re-
“sembling i in taste X S SPER necne to which this species is allied. Nut — —
-— We can scarcel distinguish this species from S. = adensis. P
o3 VIBURNUM. Linn.; Gaertn. fer: Dc. ass 4. p.393. -
l- A 53 IE
^- ^ Limb of the calyx 5-toothéd. C lla rotate, s hat tubul
orcampanulate, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Ovary 1—3-celled ; -celled ; one -: the cel cells
containing a single aa the others abortive: sessile.
: Fruit drup -seeded, with a thin pulp; the endocarp ee m
yerusaceoó, monly compressed: See conformed to the cavi- :
; the testa €—— ren minute at the ex-
~
"m
A
i
yat E A 23
3 "is
3 DAN
: E CAPRIFOLIACE.E. = ‘Vinvasom,
tremity of the fleshy aiburcón diri or rame trees, with petioled undi- ^
vided or lobed leaves. Petioles sometimes furnished with appendages ex-
actly similar to stipules. Flowers white, in terminal cymes; the marg à
. ones sometimes sterile ee im x
§ 1. Flowers all saila MSS: corolla rotate. Meo
* Leaves enti, serrate, toothed. : ;
udum (Linn.): leaves somewhat coriaceous, oval, inp, orlan- ..
1
k
V. n :
= oue. dotted beneath with brownish scales, glabrous: above; the margin | E
crenulate or entire ; petiole somewhat margine ed ; cymes pedunculate ; fruit. E
~~ id.
a. Claytoni : leaves broadly oval, oblong-obovate, or oblong, obtuse or
- slightly ake, entire or obscurely crenulate ; ; the veins s rather prominent |
. beneath.—V. nudum, Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 268 (pl. ^ — ny * bern ic t
we 974," — : ne hi P 1487 ; Mi a ! fl. 1. p. 178 7 Bot. m ks i^g .998P:5
Ell: sk. 1. p..3 Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 319; Bigel. fl. be ed. 2. .p.116; DCL i
AeA Eq n Dolini, Jl. Cest. p. 203. V. squamatum, Wats. dendr. 3
"it Hs.
B. an ddl ‘fol ium: leaves lanceolate and dhlong-laneeolate, often es en- E.
*" tire or obscurely crenulate- pris ai the veins slight] ominent beneath. — '
eg nitidum, Ait. Kew. ( ed.) Y. p.371? V. pyracanthifolia, Sekei í ; a
noides : leaves ovate, slightly obovate, or oblong, eae sbroply e
Ll acuminate, oe = tt er te-acizate or undulate ; the veins not prom E.
th.—V. cas noides, Linn. ! pec: edo 35 P 384 e a uv xcept of =
am.) ; Pursh, fl. 1 p. 202 ; DC! prodr. 4. p. 326 of Mich. V. a
um, Hook.! fl lium Pursh, [eA
* j i d.c = "
ps, a. Massachusetts and. idees part oi of New Yo rk! to Florida! p
: i orth Carolin Orleans! y-
Northern portion of Pe ee and New York! to Ne Saskateha*
-Jun
: Sing blackish in drying; the se iei at first. clot
Lp dots, the upper at length somew Fi shining. : Cyme as e a
- in the Laurustina (V. Tinus): peduncle 1-2 swg ae Fruit about 34 —
a lines long, beue compressed; darkeblue, w ih a glaucous bloom, point P
.Sweetish and e when ripe; the n nucleus or stone (seed of some autho *
compressed, slightly convex on side, and with a shallow poos on
—Our ei 8. is only a narrow-leaved form of V. nudum: the more
hern pl ht is the original . cassiboides) appears persis
= ; bus can find no gentis nt Characters 2 which to d dis- -
v P. prunifolium MERO leaves. obiil oval; broadl S ovate. E
d bo coriaceo-m: ranaceous, obtuse or with a slight a oa point
We serrate wi with appressed or- uüñcinate teeth, iol a sli
. ai cym
t i Hook. Ù c. " Decii i Ls. V.Can- -
UM. pyrifolium, Poir. dict. 5. p. 65: 2
odr. 4. p. 325. Mespilus j p =
e ^)
VIBURNUM. | CAPRIFOLIACE E. . 15
B. ferrugineum : lower E of the petiole and midrib when young
— with reddish-brown wool.
— and thickets, Canada? and Southern gt of New York! and
od ylvania! to Georgia. $. N. Carolina! and Geo picid bin ca.
and renkan May. —Shrub pe arly fect high with 3
merous a
_ branches or spur. eaves ne cs Dn mostly pikes ; one
_ “petiole more d rise in ie d u hake about
w
half an inch long;
tomentum,.which consists o chatt-like la E e: rat roper =
hairs. Cyme ee 3 in thal a ameter. Fru arly half an inet long
. (in B. more roundish than in the northern mes bluish- black when ripe,”
k
* glàucous, - ssed: the nucleus much compressed.— Black Haw. Sloe. `
3. VF. go (Linn.): leaves ovate, conspienously acuminate, finely -
serrate vid pes slightly sects teeth, somewhat membranaceous, g
brous; the lower surface’ and particularly ihe midrib and (undulate) mar- ;
ene) rue tess with DR sem when young; cymes sessile ; fruit `
—Lin
te! fl. 1.0. 178 ; JL. sk l. p. 3653 i
Wate Jeudi. Brit. à 21; x^ XE l. p. id; Bigel. Jt. ze. ed. 9. p.
116; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 325 ; Hook. l. c ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 395.
Woods and banks of streams, Cicada! (from the Saskatchawan) and
eee the Northern Sang to Kentucky ! and the mountains of Geor-
ay.—Tree 15-20 feet high. Leaves usually kia d ovate or oval,
ost 3 inches long, so «P ins slightly cordate ; ; the petiole 6-8 lines s long,
sometimes covered, as well as the midrib, with rusty scales. C yes widely
á spre. edens somewhat compressed, half an inch long, PUE
us bloom; the pulp-
iroad Sp i flat on both sides. EC *
4. V. obovatum (Walt.): leaves obovate or Emene tovar, (small) gla-
brous, somewh coriaceou above, m ostly obtuse, entire, or often
` acutely denticulate the mi ; cymes sessile ; fruit o TM
LI E t. Car. B. 116; Poir. dict. 5. p. ses on Pe ep. 201
į Lodd. bot. . 1476; E . 926.
cassinoides, Mill. diet. no. 9? (not of ES Los 7 pe * p- 1491
(excl. 2g & enum. p. 3975; Michz. 7! fl. 1. p.179. V. levigatum, Ait.
H
- « Kew. (ed. 1.) 1. p. 371; Willd. a 1. p. 1492, & enum. l.c. ; Pursh, fl. 1.
sk. 1. p. 367; DC. l.c
a 2
— "Shady banks of “river 8, "&c. Vir rginia to Georgia! and Flo April- i
May.—Shrub 2-8 feet high, with numerous branches, which are id when
young with minute scales. Leaves 1-14 inch 1 and 3-8 lin oltm z
short petioles, often ppt dues beheath; thos of the flo EIE bran
ticulate or toothed. o. sm coal Fruit about one-third of an inch Mong
pact ee ~~ Ss black, veetish.— Readily Rr by its
ll and
5. F. cd i: j; ledives s elliptical, with 3-5 parallel veins, obtuse
eat chiefly towards the summit ; the lower surface, particularly
s, Ms s irsu! iole short; ous pedunculate, dense ry
glabrous ; fruit oval-globose (black). Hook. fi. Bor.-
var. p. clothed with ecidinoad saath ‘pubescence iu
AM
t. go
%,
mls
| f the P y oe Nuttall !—. Soe hae Ee
j. j: leaves E dsl orm. ofien sl
acute or somewhat acuminate,
a s = A. -
2e 2-0 e OAPRIFOLIXAGEX. VIBURNUM.
ad.
Re
cate from the strong and nearly simple straight veins, glabrous and shining
above, pale b eneath, with tufts of villous hairs in the axils of the veins, sagi
ly a cilistesey ine s pedunculate, n nearly glabrous; fruit small, globos ;
ovoid ; the nucleu Hes ee or excavated on one side and obtusely ridged a |
the other.— Linn. À spec. 1. 2 968 ; Jacq. hort. M y 1.1. 36 ; Pursh, fle 2
= E p.2 ! fl. 3. p. 319; DC. ! prodr.4. p. 3 Hook. fl. Bor.- Am.
fu E
RE 200; During tA "est. p.203. V.d dentatum var. uiu Ait. Kew. P
(ed. 1) 1. p we x rar, glabellum, . mn ichz. p |
p.? mini ie
g Mincule phy pedunclesscabrous and o airy;
^" leaves — large) ph Banda o ovate, coarsely and r: y
toothed, pubescent Beneath i viser ed De dielos S kj dentatum
(a. E Ee HR ped Ff 179; out € 1. Noh
nds; a. T Cual Northern States ! to Vir-
sink E. $. Caroling pe Georgia! to Florida! and. ana! June
Marc 'h-May. —Shrub kem. feet high (the wood hard), with itas) angular
ray branches; the young vigorous shoots — and slender. Fruit deep
blue, or bluish- "black when See's ripe, with very little pulp: nucleus with a
deep cea groo one side, and the idi incurved, so that the
'transv s somew what reniform ; baj Sio there are two shal-
ed grooves, and the A carcely incurved.— orthern plant is very
niform in appearance : e leaves are 2-3 TERN long one of-
son n of madia fé same vh, with strong simply-forked veins, and qui te gla-
brous, except the tufts in the axils of the veins, and a few scattered hairs on |
e young petioles and veins beneath; the peduncle is 2 or 3 inches in length; -
and th e ut 3 li ong. Butin Pennsylvania cid same plant be- —
comes more pubescent; a few scattered hairs often appearing on the upper —
surface of the leaves, while the young petioles and pe Beevi are clothed with .—
parate or fasciculate hairs. still more pube t plant abounds in the
irs, in par T
ch is and the drupes 4 lines in Me i» This may very Deos
stinc a but we are unable to istinguish i it LE A
y te s (Pursh): leaves ovate or oval-oblong, acuminate, coarsely
geen often somewhat cordate, appearing stightly plicate m the straight
sparingly branched veins, somewhat hairy a above; the lower surface, with
the v short petioles, villous-tomentose or velvety ; cyme S pedintniakd
~ari mer fruit (small) oblon er the much compressed nucleus Eu
side and mend ng ged on the other — Pursh. 1.
id. the habitat. win rf. » p. 320; DC. f prodr. 4. p. ees
Hook. fl. Bor.- Am Vv dentatum va V agg nag Ait. Kew.
ag 1) 3. a 168. vi bon var. semitomentosu icht. l l. c. parte
ly. V. um, Raf.in med. m (hex. 2) 5. 361 1808); in Dos
A T Aio ) 5. p. 361 (1808); & i
. 228; not of . tomentosum, Raf. l. c. (18 08)
r.) nesquianum, Schult. syst. 6. p. 630°
P anks, Canada (from Lake Winipeg) and po ait di ;
New York! also near We ! New Jersey, Beck ! and the mountainous -
ns Carolina, Schweinitz! June.— rib 9-3 feet igh, with —
ees branches. Leaves about 2 inches erg nearly glabrous. above
t . Pedunele at first shorter than the cyme, but mos ostly elongated m. |
fit. Flower fewer and larger than in V. de m. Fruit 3 lines long ;
Perhaps the plant which Purs en Aiton, .
ur V. dentatum £. scabrell The present |
Southern States pale. the mountains ; but certainly .
ginia and e ' "The plant
Colin
x
bay 4 ^^ ed rt e AER"
VIBURNUM. CAPRIFOLIACE/E. | " 17 Z
* * Leaves lobed or incised.
V. acerifolium (Linn.): leaves roundish or broadly ovate, mostly sub- -=
E e, 3-ribbed from the CL. 3-lobed, c Gods and unequally toothed, e
pe s arcos beneath; e lobes dive ie and mostly acuminate; petio t
(wi e ) pube d somewhat —
hirsute furnished near t ria e base it ra setaceous stipuliform appendages ;
po ed; stamens much exserted.— Linn. !
Eis d p Cels. t. 272; Michx. ! . P-
4: von dendr. Brit. 1.1. 118;
Torr. ! fi. 1. p. 390 ; mad fl. Bost. ‘ed. 2 2. "A 116; DC.! nes 4. p. 397;
Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. l. p. e (pa zy) - Dorngt. x Cest.
i n s, Can ! and dare throughout
ERA in E Oed pos une.—Shrub 3-5 fee
r md
clothed both with a very short soft pubeece nce, and with slender rather ap-
pressed hirsute hairs. Less aves 2—5 inche es in diameter, membran pei ]a-
brous or sparsely hairy above, often bg dotted beneath ; the soft close
imei nce of the lower surface ste eduncle about 2 inches slong; the
loose cyme 2-3 inches broad. Corolla. often rel € with rose-color
Drips broadly oval, 3-4 lines long, nearly bla ripe: the nuc dléba
with 2 obtuse ecu on one side, and 2 csi e QE grooves on the
other. sheets ood.
eens (Pylaie! herb.) : Veo and petioles glabrous or ~~
im vit: leave roundish, seldom subcordate, slightly 3-lobed or incised at x:
the summit, mostly 5-nerved from the base, unequally serrate, sparsely pu-
e j
cymes (small and simple) Vi aei terminating the very short lateral
branches; llc much shorter than. the corolla. E ey. sceniphane Bon-
gard! veg. Sitcha, l. c. p. 144, tesi E
Newfoundland, Pila Be &c. White ? mcm of New Hamia ind :
on Mansfield Mountain, Vermont, Mr. Tuckerman! & Mr. W. F. Maerae! E
Probably also in Oregon and in Deed from sect ps feet high. ©
ves 1-2 inches in diameter, nearly glabrous, or more or less pubescent
on the veins v the lower € ace (the ami p aene: ae lobes often ob- —
scure. Cymes seldom nch in diameter. Anthers on very i
ments, not VEG yest Bie tube of ‘te corolla. Fruit unknown.—For
specimens «de plant, we are indebted to the o ing botanists who first
M3 $ .the United States (Mr. Macrae of Montreal and Mr.
Boston), who 3 directi our nom p the gai which
ucker *
clearly disti ingùish them find from = notes upon La Pylaie’s collec-
tion in Newfoundland, that he had given he same plant the “pe
name which we have — A Canoe it wili be seen, has referred Py-
laie’s lant to V. acerifolium
small collection made by a à British JasE-urtevor, and given to us by A. B.
ambert, Esq. of London. The V. acerifolium of Bongard, veg. Sitcha, ~
appears to belong to,or include this species: but if we mistake not, we
ave a fragment of the true V. acerifolium from Oregon.—The leaves nenii-
1 | blac kish in drying
T3 Cynes radiant ; ; the marginal flowers much larger than de others,
and neutr al.—O»Pvrus, Tourn., DC.
fos +
* eus 78 us Me S rush € leaves sed
= X CAPRIFOLIACE E. VIBURNUM.
* ae
red.—Linn. spec. 1. p. 268; Fl. Dan. t. 661; Engl. bot. t. 322; DC. prodr.
4. p. 328. Opulus Handuosn s, Mench, meth. p.
B. Americanum (Ait.) : [eme remotely and rather obtusely toothed.— Ait.
Kew. (ed. 1)1. p. 373. V. dq Marsh. arbust. p. V. Opulus £.
Pimina & y. edule, Michz.! fl. 1 180. DE oris Aat Le P. 32. —H
V. "uy quam & V. edule, Pursh, T. 1. p. 903; Torr. ! ; DC. -&
res . p. 328; Hook. fl. Bor. -Am. 1. > 281 ; ibdubon, p P Amer. 4
Èl
= jg mU (Hook.) : eva somewhat incised, very pubescent
—— Hook. l. c. under V. Oxycoccus.
mps and Ts streams, from the puc partof Pennsylvania, New- — -
York! and the pi d Dee gland States! to the Arctic Circle and the Rocky — -
p. Oregon, Dr. Scouler, Douglas. May-June.—Shrub 3-10 — -
feet high, ^ gl ud gray HOME Renier Leaves 3—5 inches long, :
with divaricate lobes ; the base either truncate or somewhat acute ; the low-
er sprinkled with hairs : petiole often ih prede Em appendages. —
yme 3-4 inches in diameter; the sterile flowers few ually numerous, j
very large. Stamens exserted. Fruit nearly half an ela length, juicy,
of a User y taste when ripe, often employed as a substitute for cran-
rries.— no constant or Steen characters to di stinguish our plant
from the V. o gias of Europe; a garden variety of which, with the flowers
all sterile, is the well-known Show. ‘ball Bush. Our plant is called Cranber-
ry Bush, or High Cranberry.
11. V. lantanoides (Michx.): leaves s emmgenlen 2352 cordate, abruptly
acuminate, finely and unequally or doubly serrate, membranaceous; the
* ower surface, and especially the prominent rds ne the a
with a pulverulent partly deciduo sa Tusty stellate pubescence; cymes ses- a
Ww
o
E
n-|
5
EB.
-
a
sile; the exterior flowers sterile and very large; fruit ovoid; the nucleus” sig
wäh a longitudinal groove on each eur bud > ae A d Pursh, fl. -
1. p. 202; Torr: !
2
PE s E Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 117; DC. prodr.
ES p. 280 v. Tae antana f. enc. ie
E Lantana " Canade emi, Pens. syn. 1. p. 327. V. grandifo-
uth es, cycl.
"wood
and Now Y and along t o Alleghany Taboa to Virginia: May- i
June.—A i uy straggling cmm with the branches often. procumbent. a
Leaves and inflorescence appearing from the same large buds, every part of
the newly developed bra deco
which under a lens appears
dt
merous primary veins S aisse beneath, running nearly straight
ehe midrib to the margin, sending off a few unilateral branches; the
very numerous secondary veins passing between ipi phan at right angles,
dir beautiful transverse reticulations. Cym arge and loose, flat: the —
radiant rig flowers an inch in diameter. ^de neatly black when ripe.— E
—. Hobble-bus
a 12. F. molle (Michx.) : leaves pies tt ee pna
` toc ; nearly tomentose with a soft pubescence und $e Epe etioles - |
somewhat glandular; (cymes baee 7) fruit diletür-ctite.- an pe HM E
P E 1. p. 203. ifoli . arb
around Danville, Michaux! ** Bark foni: d y =
he specimen of Michaux’s barbaran is in fruit , and
e that the cymes were radiant; the leaves are crenately |
at resemble one form of V. dent n A scabrellum.
ing of Michaux’s refers to it the u e
"We quote Mar
š
VIBURNUM. RUBIACEÆ. i 19
Domos s account re and commend this obscure —€— to the botanists of
l
Kentucky, Ten esser, &c. “ This grows natural n Carolina and other
edges, strongly veined, and ‘pla m Seaman on ane foot-stálke. The
flowers ss collected in large cymes or umbels at the ends of the branches;
those ranged on the border are — but the centre is filled with hermaphro-
dite flowers, which are succeeded by pretty large oval berries, red-colored
when ripe." Marsh. arbust. pe p. 162.
Oroer LXXII. RUBIACEJE. Juss. —
Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary, or rarely partly or almost
completely free ; the limb mostly 4—5-cleft or toothed, sometimes ob-
solete. Corolla inserted upon the summit of the calyx-tube, com-
posed of as many united petals as there are lobes of the calyx, valvate,
imbricate, or somewhat contorted in æstivation. Stamens inserted
into the tube of the corolla, equal in number and alternate with its
lobes (or very rarely fewer): anthers introrse. Ovary 2-(rarely 3-
several-) celled, with 1-many ovules in each cell : style single or part-
ly divided: stigmas distinct or concrete. Fruit capsular, drupaceous,
baccate, or separable into indehiscent carpels. Seeds anatropous or
amphitropous, solitary, few, or numerous in each cell. Embryo
straight or slightly curved, in the axis or at the extremity of copious
densely fleshy or horny albumen-—Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with op-
posite, or rarely verticillate, entire leaves. Stipules between the pe-
tioles, sometimes simulating the leaves. Flowers regular. Inflores-
cence various,
SvBonDER I. STELLAT E. 3
Leaves apparently aere really ?) verticillate ; ; fe € whorls
vat a a upposed to consist of a pair of leaves and 1 leaf-shaped
ei on each side, which however are only to be distinguished from
true leaves by their never bearing buds in their axils. — /Estivation of
ube of the
calyx. Fruit vibe cen of 2 united indehiscent (dry or baccate) 1-
erbs, or rarely suffruticose plants, chiefly natives of
temperate or m regions. E
E GALIUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 60 ; Gertn. fr. t. 24; A. Rich. Ru ic
in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 133 ; Endl. gen. de 509r. X
se or oblong ; the limb obsolete. Co
ns as many as the lobes of th
Es ài
E
£ RUBIACE Æ. terg GALIUM.
; Styles 2, united at the`base: stigmas globose. Frič “stasis dry or
sometimes fleshy, separable when ripe into 2 indehiscent 1-seeded carpels.
Albumen horny.—Herbaceous or very rarely suffrutescent plants, with tetra-
_gonal stems ; the root frequently containing a red coloring matter. Flowers
(rarely polygamous) small, axillary or terminal, 2b or rarely solita-
ry ; the cymules often paniculate.— Cleavers. Bed-stra
$ 1. Root annual.—A parine, DC.
1. G. Aparine (Linn.) : stem weak, ee rr retrorsely aculeo a
pid, hairy about the nodes; leaves mostly 8 whorl, oe
apiculate ; the margin and keel aculeolate ; : sii cele elongated, axillary,
~ - 1-2-flowered ; fruit large. very hispid with hooked bristles.— Linn. Aes 1. op
108; Engl. bot. t. 816; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p.
Torr.! fl. 1. p. 166; os ! prodr. 4. p. 608; Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 290;
ingt.! fl. Cest. p. 10
Eos Shady thickets Ee vet of woods, Canada and northern — Also
in Oregon, Douglas, Dr. Scouler. May-June.—Ste feet long,
E Ios! in eti whorls, 1-2 inches in length, and 2-3 Ties vide ar
he base,
rs w ger than in m
ori s of the genus This plant ee perhaps been mue cg from
p Californicum (Hook. & Arn.): — ei hairy throughout ; stems
ander diffuse, branched from the base; lea
iua whorl, a
or mucronate; peduncles nearly terminal, a dace, much longer than .
le lo
the leaves; s of the corolla ovate ety acute ; ovary glabrous.— Hook,
6 Ar . 349. ^
gpeteasas ovary hairy.
^ Nuttall! ( a. § B.) y. Texas, Drummon
Ph span high. Leaves at jengi mue x shorter than the le
nodes, about 4 lines long, 1-nerved, appearing reticulate-veined by transmit-
i ight. ers pol ve 3, greenish or yellowish-green” (Nutt ty:
the corolla large for the size of the plant. i ras cles ss pedicels ene
the -a BUS longer had the flowers.—The
.
de
a
>
=
g
zd
z
EI
P.
3
m
a
E
=
2
8. may. only the fer-
tile plant : the fruit is unknown. The Californian plant is pro abiy pee
Staged is certainly the case gm that from Tex specimens of the
e imma
ture, not even in flower; bat iir ‘doubles belong to this
3. G. virga atum (Nutt. ! mss.) : stems VK simple or branched from the
base, hispid or almost Paon; ; leaves 4 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, his-
Tle sory rather obtuse, much shorter than the i ern odes ; peduncles ax-
Rota short, bitiréoteolate, 1 1-flowered ; fruit deflexed, hispid with unci-
E ern fruit glabrous; stem almost glabrous.—G. nutans, Nutt. /
ry prairies of Arkansas, Western Louisiana, and Texas, Nuttall ! Dr.
Leavenworth ! tcher! Dr. Engelmann! Dr. Hale! ^ Drummond !—
g branches
one-third of an inch long, thickish, father
3 b usually -— like the eoe with scattered rigid hai
or rarel 3 from | horl, extremely short, furni
tem = inches high, simple
hei dg the base. L p
. 3
+ pall
hs
*
E ^ r2
GALIUM. _ es RUBIACE XE.
large as those of the iiid: and give. a latter the AUAM HÉON of bein
T. &
leaved, or fasci Flowers nute, white, nearly sessile within the
bracts: corolla e $ the lobes Rond rather obtuse. Fruit rather large.—
Thi thas a different habit fro m any other sce of the United States ;
but it resembles some species of the following section
§ 2. Root pereo : fruit fleshy or baccate : peduncles naa bearing
usually 4 involucrate bracts, one-(rarely 9—3-) flowered.—Relb .
(Species of Rubia, DC. §c.)
4. G. hispidulum ege ): stem much — "un minutely hairy
or i id, the angles what glabrous; leaves whorl, ovate-oblong
ove mucro onulate, r pen" hispid, especially « on Fie midrib and margins;
Pidän 1-3-flowered ; the pedicels (at first very short) elongated in fruit;
Browne), M G. i
p- 195. G. bis pidum, Pu ni, A l.p Fo Rubia peregrina, Walt. Car. p.
86. =R. Walteri, DC. / prodr.
4. p. 590.
Dry sandy soil, S. Car A lina ! Georgia! and Florida, particularly near the
Oct
ocean. May-Oct.—* Root somewhat jointed, saffron-colored." Ell. Stems
about a foot long. Jona 5-8 lines long, rather rigid, shining above, ap"
pearing somewhat veiny by transmitted light, both surfaces sprinkled with
short rigid hairs. Peduncles axillary and icio poc longer than
the fruit. Corolla (white, Ell), with the lobes acuminate. FRE lor arge,
smooth, dark-blue or purple.—'l'he G. hispidulum of Weicligice is clearly the
same plant as amy dois Brownei, described from specimens with unripe
fruit. The genus Rubia will doubtless be restricted to the pentamerous spe-
cies, as Spon} by A. Richar
5. G. uniflorum (Michx.) : pee stems branched at the base, eee
gent, slender; leaves usually 4 in a D linear, — acute, with sc
i peduni solitar opposite, iila
; fruit pedicello, — glabrous,
0p dint 4. p. 611;
. 1. p. 48.
petey t len r soil, S. Ca rolina ! to Florida! and Louisiana ! -July.—
slen ler,
reddi sh. Stems vec inches long. Leaves about an inch
poe 1-2-bracteolate, rarely
- for ked. Fruit e. fleshy, if not baccate when mature, purple ?
$3. Root perennial: fruit dry: peduncles 3-many-flowered.— E ugalium, DC,
* Flowers white or mes s greenish: pe tes axillary or terminal, fw flowered,
occasionall
y somewhat c. En c carat dí Ae anchlets.
+ Suffrutescent: —
*
6. G.suffruticosum (Nutt. ! mss.): * bing, oft ffruti
Mn bar the base of the stem, which is Facately Dr aces and minutely
Scovel: leaves 4 in a whorl, very short. ovate-oblong, acute, scabrous on
A aps flowers (polygamous i pidaia, eon and in pe
nt ‘bre — fruit glabrous. ee
UN allied to G. tri
e
i d E. s
ne
»
€
rf
22 RUBIACE Æ. GALIUM.
r
G.
a gm Kicia obtuse ; Taves in : whorl oblong: linear, eee
short, rather rigid, the margins and nerve slightly scabrous ; branchlets few-
flowered ; 2x densely c clothed with very tos ipe gt bristles.—JVutt. ^ mss.;
DC. prodr.
B. ban es Lg flowers in s any sessile clusters terminating
the "ag cda —G.a rre Nut
St.
Stem stout ie rigid, a foot or more Du h. L
whorls, about one-t third of an inch long, shining, t thickis ** Flowers poly-
gamo-diccious, greenish-white." Nuti. Fruit clothed with aiie pres”
inp d A: hah are longer than the ogee scot G. ach is plant, to
ric
riocarpum, Mucha are ees Chilian en
T t Herbaceous.
G. trifidum (Linn.) : stem flaccid, decumbent or ascending, branching ;
a. angles retrorsely scabrous ; leaves in whorls of 4-6 (the € frequently
' upper 4-5 o and
5 or 6, the 4-5), linear or oblanceolate, bdo 2 mid-
rib minutely (often retrorsely) aculeolate-scabrous Buis axillary an
terminal, 1-3-flowered ; lobes of the — Mares vw v stamens of-
ten 3; fruit glabrous and even.— Lin . Dan. t 48 ;
ahl. fl. Lapp. p. 47; Pursh, fl. 1 105; dor ! gr
Bost. ed ; DC.! prodr. 4. p & Schlecht. in Linnea,
4. p. 221; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. G- Claytoni, Michr.! fl. ;
Rich ppr. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 4; Ho Bor.-Am. 1. p.
288. Aparine joan &c. Clayt.! (Gronov. fl. Virg. ed. 2. p. 18.)
- tine : m (usually sanee scarcely or not at all eos lobes
the corolla oe stamens mostly 4.—G. tinctorium, Linn. l. c. ; Pursh,
LerJwrtie: DOM c "Darling t. fl. Cest. p. 100. G. trifidum,
fill. sk. 1. p. 194?
Y. latifoltum (Torr.): stem diffuse DP abrous: leaves Es or ob-
e margins and midrib manifestly ilt scabros —Torr.! fl. 1
65>. G. obtusum, Bige. Jl- Bost
_ Swamps and moist low grounds, Cait dio lat. 68°) to Virginia nia! S.
Carolina and Western Louisiana! and from Newfoundland! to “Oregon!
Unalaschka, and Sitcha ; algi in p fonifomis (Nuttall June-July.—Stem
inches to 2 feet in length, e ung, branched, at length diffuse z
reclined. Leaves- en ae ge treet 5-10 lines long, often less
than a line wide, varying up to 3 or 4 lines wide, in var. y. rather membran-
aceous, narrowed at the ba: Flowers very small, white. Pedicels of the
fruit slender.—A yey diffused and very variable species; the various
forms of which are so blended, that we think no botanist, bac dn a full — p
specimens, will succeed m distinguishing two or more s ecie
lwarf state, growing in northern sphagnous swamps, w which mentee scanio
to differ from the G. palustre except in the sonra angles of the stem: this
form is also a native of the north of Eur ave another — from
ORE dece ced has probably referred to G. tinctorium), which much
resembles rellum in its numerous flowers and very n hune kie and
e var. y. mori u i
st
grows in drier soil: the margins of the leaves are almost ciliate, while
the angles of the o character can be derived from the di-
rection of the very minute Dx whack fringe the margin of the leaves: ;
e i
they. umes s on one margin and downwards on
other. "The var. 3. as well as. - have usually larger fruit. ‘The leaves are E
. apt to turn blackish in ng verd ee M m
D
UU ERG
TA VES
GALIUM. RUBIACEÆ. 23
9. G. concinnum: stems diffuse, decumbent, with retrorsely and minutely
scabrous angles; leaves in whorls of 6 pe tag linear, mucronulate, 1-
nerved, veinless, glabrous, with upwardly sc s margins; peduncles fili-
form, often twice or thrice trichotomous, Miehtly | pit niculate at the extremity
of the branches ; pedicels short; lobes of the corolla acute or acuminate;
ovary glabrou
Dry open di jm hill- sides, ys oe os near Ann Arbor! Blue
Lick, Kentucky, .D hort! May-June.—Stems diffusely — a
span to a foot high, Bra, very leafy, ribi (sd, as well as the smooth
and shining leaves: the latter about half an inch lo ong, or a little longor in in
the Kentucky plant, about a line wide. Flowers very sm
hite; the peduncles and short pedicels eve capillary We hay
seen the fruit. The leaves do not turn blac iu od and their adi
and the angles of the stem are often veri slightly. scabro
G. €— Say ): stem diffuse, much ee oe ange very
saath with m rigid retrorse prickles der. 6 (those of the
branchlets often p or FB) it in a whorl, elliptical or lanc tie mucronate or acu-
minate, glabrous, — the iab aculeolate- hispid margins and midrib;
peduncles short, very numerous, crowded or paniculate on the flowering
bra nchlets,. di- "trichotomons; po filiform, divaricate ; A n piaba or
«p. 78; h, fl. 1. p. 103; Torr
icha. !
Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. ai; DC.! pes «p. 598; Darlingt. fi.
Cest. p. 100. G. , Pennsylvanicum, Muhl. cat. p. 15; Willd. mss. in
E mant. 3. p. 1 G. m emp Pith; 7 1. p. 103? G. spinul-
m, Raf. pre P tent (814) iba
Eo ampy thickets, Canada! an a Nor "hern States! common: probably
also in the mountains of the Southern States. J aara flaccid, usual-
ly supported o n bushes, and attaining the — of 2 to 5 feet, a herent to
sb h pric
1 mall but ex-
tremely Tainos, pro the bi ya ine the € and pedicels short
but filiform. Lobes of the corolla acu Fruit. perhaps usually glabrous
when ripe, but not unfrequently more or gum hispid when young: ; in which
state it is probably the G. micranthum of Pursh.—There a specimen in
Elliot''s herbarium, mixed with his G. cuspidatum ; but no lacet is given.
The leaves usually turn blackish i in drying.
11. G. triflorum (Michx.) : stem flaccid, ——— or procumbe
ly somewhat aculeolate-scabrous or slightly hispid on the an uk ding;
leaves 6 in a whorl, narrowly elliptical or elliptical “lanceolate, acuminate-
cuspidate, 1-nerved, veiny, glabrous, the margins and sometimes the midrib
vang ae ciliolate- — or sca bendi peduncles Mary and terminal, most-
ly 3-flowered at the extremity ; the flowers all pedicellate ; fruit kispid with
d. hort. Berol. t. 66; Pursh,
aia reba eM. ichr. ! fi. 1. p. 80; Will fA
p. 104; Ell sk. 1. p. 197; Torr.! ft. 2c Bigel pn st. ed. 9 gp
56; D . 601; Hook.! fl. .l. p. 290; Darlingt.
Cest. p G. cuspidatum, l.! cat. (er herb herb. Willd.) ;
- Cest. p. 101. : UNS
Ell.! sk.1. p. 197; DC. l. c. G. brachiatum, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 103. G..
suaveolens, Wahl. fl. Lapp. p.48. G. P ennsylvanicum, Bart. compend. fl-
Philad. 1 ot 83, not of Muhl.
Moist woodlands, nearly throughout the United States (from Maine! to
Alabama! and Louisiana!) and Canada! to Oregon! California Reon
Unalaschka! and Sitcha. Also a native = Lapland, Sweden, nd Russia
! June
as far south as Moscow ! -July. m 1-4 feet long, sonetinieg uite -
smooth and gl. ven on the an, | the br anches short and diverge:
uen i wk i
$ >. x P p
= je Res ous 3
: A dew
E.
24 RUBIACE Æ. oc |
Leaves membranaceous (sometimes in whorls of 5), eyes at the babes
varying in size from 2 inches to three-fourths of an inch in length; those of
the branches more cares “peta cuspidate. Peduncles taker twice tricho-
tomous. Flowers small, greenish, or greenish-white in open places: th
hairs.—This plant has a wi (alth
to considerable diversities, which however we cannot distinguish as varieties.
The smaller-leaved forms (G. cuspidatum, Ell. &c. ee abound in the Southe ern
shag It exhales a vanilla-like odor in drying.
* * Flowers dull hes or brownish: peduncles axillary and terminal, usually 2-3
times di-trichoton
12. G. pilosum (Ait.): stem — hirsute or hairy; leaves 4 in
whorl, oval, mucronulate, ndi inctl rved at se! base, punctate wit
pe dots, hiy and ciliate ; i sn e" si ra twice or thrice di- mite:
froit ionis uud x with dio bristles.— Ait. Kew
peo fi ae 104; Ell. sk. 1 ue 196; Torr. if L Lg 167; Dorlinat. ni
Bg. uina uon osum : ES das latem, except r^) cilinte margins, —
glabrous.—G. puncticulosum, Michz.! fl. 1. p. 8 EN Le; ds Ber
nse, Linn. spec. 1. p. 105, as to syn. Gronov., va not of Pluk. alm. t. 248.
G. a Pursh. fl.1.p. 104; Ell. t. c? G. stig Es ht Pers. syn.
1. p. 128.
Dry ry t and in sterile i mia a: e. nA on Amed, sam, ns
o Lou
New York! to Texas! £. vee
1-2 feet <N Ta m: ges me ana A Ee except p
short spreading flowering ius n eus pubescence variable degree.
Lawes about three- bani of an inch lon ng. Flowers ueni cymuloes
the ultimate divisions of the peduncle 3-flowered. Lobes of the brownish-
poe mro wes or a ae Pie ius every strongly hispid with white
ould be muse ag the * Rubia
ien phy qe. Ie latiore folio, e og etc. of Plu
13. G. circezans (Michx. ): stem erect. or Mdb d gu smooth, or
sometimes hairy; leaves 4 in a who dae val or ova e-oblong, mostly obtuse,
3-nerved, somewhat pubescent, the margin and nerves ciliate ; peduncles
y once dichotomous, divaricate in fruit, bearing
rs on extreme y y short lateral pedicels; fruit
l. syn. G ae pel) a
i xcl. syn. Gronov.) : Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 2. .
55: DCT ume 4. P y Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. ce pec
à cat G. boreale, Walt. Car. p. 257. G. cir-
. 256.
aes es > laneeolate, or often ovate-lanceolate, rather
acute.— Torr.! cat. » New York, P ; DC.! l.c. G. lanceolatum,
E bes Hook. fl. Bor.- she.) -P 280; Darlingt. jl. Cest: p. 102. 9.
d vy ae . oe D.
<
SF
Hh
&.
EN
im
zii
Sm
{Y= mon Eom: : dwarf ; leaves ES nearly glabrous.—G. Littellii,
“Rich woodlands, Pae to Florida, Louisiana! Arkansas! m Mis-
y. Mountains ura Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, Mr.
Oakes! Mr. W. F. Macrae! Mr. Tuckerman.—Stems 10-18 is ‘high,
many from the ike ss root, or branched from the base. Leaves lb 9f
in B. sometimes more than 9 inches long, variable as to pubescence ;
k
=
2
E:
d
|
EL.
eel
ncc
siloedines pania: — Linn. pe
ft, 1. p. 169 ;
Gat RUBIACE X. 25
lov surface marked with E reari pese dots. The inflores-
cence assumes a scorpioid form uncles usually fork at the base
the pedicel of the agree irre ver seldom if ever afterwards : beyond this -
the sole of the ncle are prolonged genesi bearing a solitary
almost or quite bi ari or ide] fower each node. Corolla brown-
ish- pipke (rarely cream-colored !) ; the ‘hia: acuminate- c: Fruit
clot hed with dense whi 3 bristles.—The leaves of our var. cab said by Dr.
Darlington, not to have the sweet taste Wek characte 3G. poe
that plant is usually per ehä aps EA distinct in xim ru : the fre-
quent in aepye te states seem to forbid their spin on. Wes e out
var. state ie ha ro growing upon hi h iod but our
specimens are insu e ae ane are 4-6 inches long, and the leaves
large in boue —W; il Liq
14. G. latifolium (Michx a stem erect, smooth; leaves 4 in a whorl, lati-
Ó acute, 3-nerved, punctate with oblong n lend dots, glabrous; the
margins and mec he minutely —— vet — axillary and termi-
ai the short branches, tw or mous, and with the filiform
pas divaricate o or spreading ; ; fruit (pitiy large) glabrous.—JM ichz. ! fl.
nutely scabrous.—G. latifolium, Hook, compan. to bot. ma
t n i
On the Alleghany Mountains of North and South Carolina, M ichauz !
Fraser (in herb. D fG a, Mr. Buck ri (or Arkan-
nn ly.—Stem t es
ngelmann! J July. foo e high. Lea
1-2 inches long, tapering from near the Hae to the apex, rade acute at —
end; the whorls n distant. lowers violet-purple." Mie
e have seen the specimens in the lir aria of Michaux and De Candolle,
but have only recently cde the plant from Mr. Buckley, who states that
variety from Dr. ng nis in
* * * Flowers white ; the peduncles disposed in a terminal panicle.
G. boreale (Linn.): stem erect, straight, smoothish; — 4 ina
wor, linear-lanceolate, strongly 3-nerved, rather obtuse; panicle el ongated,
somewhat pyramidal; fruit hispid with short scarcely uncinate hairs,
s z p- win
p
Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 289; Darlingt. os TM p.103. G.
Torr.! cat. pl. New York. p. 23. G. septen trionale, tty (— Schult. syst. 3.
p.253; Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 5A; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 60
Woods and
- aa gon ! 2 feet
ing, often pubescent at the nodes. Lea s 10-18 lines eg often
broadly lanceolate, and slightly S ns young in the dodo plant.
bes of the corolla acute.—' European variety with glabrous
fruit, and another with the o art is “slightly E ind sparsely hispid: both
these states occur not unfrequently i untry.
GE. T rubioides (Lin inn.): stem erect, cr d — leaves 4 in a
shor dan sng a strongly 3-nerved, scabrou on the m ; pe
merous, trichotomous,. oaii in a appre rminal fms ed fruit
aa cae ipo 1. p. 105; dips & Schlecht. in etu 3. p. 220;
decer tn Hook. § Arn. bot. Beechey, En Hook. fl. Bor.-
Ta dae elevated soils, under pino trees, in the valley ofthe Oregon, Douglas
s VOL. I1.—4 * T$
Xu
26 RUBIACER. |. Gauum.
Kotzebue’s Bound: Capt. Beechey.—This is a deni plant, with the habit of
G. boreale, but with larger and broader leave Hooker pes that he. has .—
reeeived specimens of it from the United Bone ‘under the name of G. Bers E
qnudianum ; but his plant is perhaps G. latifolium. X the authority of —
Steven, De Candolle mentions a variety with hispid frui
* * * * Flowers yellow, in dense panicles terminating the branches: fruit “smooth,
G. verum (Linn.) : stem erect, lpk leaves 8 in a whorl, narrow-
ly tiea, sakai, scabrous with what revolute margins ; flowers `
crowded.— Linn. spec. 1. Be ‘107 os iut ae e "d ; Fl. Dan. t. 11465
Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 5 ; DC. prodr. 4. p. 6 3
b astures, Roxbu E o Bi, uid f North Bridgewater, -
oo Mr. Tuckerman ! ! Doubtless introduced from Europe. Jun
E:
i Doubtful Species. :
G. parviflorum (Raf.): stems uem angled, glabrous; leaves in
whirls of d or 6, linear-lanceolate, very acute, glabro us; flowers paniculate
(white, minute), v Trag Yerous.— Raf. in ies; repos. (hex. 2) ^ p. 360, T
in Desv. jour. bot 227.
Near easi; DoisWare: Rafinesque.
Sunorver Il. CINCHONEUE. (Order Cinchonacem, Lindl.)
Leaves opposite, or very rarely verticillate. Stipules one (2 united) :
or two on each side between the petioles Cuterpeticien) often united |
with each other or with the petioles, or with both, to "
shea ivation of the corolla valvate, breed, or contorted. !
Ovary hant with the tube of the calyx, or very rare ly with the up- 7
ben E tropical or subtropical trees or shrubs, rarely |
#
Trize I. | SPERMACOCE Æ. Cham. & Schlecht.
Fruit dry, or — fleshy, composed of 2 (rarely 3 or 4) l.sceded - 3
carpels; which are sometimes concrete, sometimes separating and in- -
dehiscent, or ani dehiscent, but never loculicidal. Albumen —
fleshy or somewhat horny. JEstivation of the corolla valvate.—Herbs — j
or shrubs. Stipules membranaceous at the base, usually with severs! ;
bristles at the apex. ;
P a
Subtribe 1. a DC.—Fiowers distinct. Fruit dry, sepata- :
"- when mature into 2 (rarely 3 or 4) carpels, or sometimes inseparable
2. SPERMACOCE. Linn. (partly); Gertn. fr. t. 25; Cham. $ Schlecht
in Linnea, 3. p. 355; DC. prodr. 4. p. 552. |
. Calyx-tube ovate or turbinate ; de limb 2-4-parted, sometimes with ac- -
cessory teeth. Corolla hypocrateriform or infundibuliform, 4-lgbed. Sta- -
mens 4. Stigma 2-cleft or undivided. Fruit dry, crowned with the (some- E
times obliterated) teeth of the calyx, 2-celled; the 2 one-seeded carpels
seperate from the UNE downwards ; the one closed by the dissepiment, the — |
-oblong, peltz
SpermMacocr. 3 i RUBIACES. i 27
the face. eT or rarely suffrutescent plants (chiefly tropical), with
linear, oblong, or roundish leaves. Stipules cohering with both petioles,
s ncm fringed with several bristles. Flowers small, axillary, sessile,
wded or in whorls, usually pale blue or white.
apum acoce, Borreria, and Diodia, differ only in the dehiscence of the fruit: in
the first, one carpel opens while the other remains closed; in the second, both are
dehiscent ; in the t , both are indehiscent.
1. S. glabra (Michx.): herbaceous, perennial, n: glabrous;
leaves lanceolate ; whorls m any-flowered; calyx 4-toothed ; corolla cam-
(Hagen menit a little longer than the tyi: very woolly in the
throat; anthers included, nearly sessile at the — of the e ; style very
‘short; stig tii’ lobed ; fruit turbinate.—Miche. TAA p 82; Pare JR
105.
Banks of rivers, ea eae South Western Sees — see
Dr. hapma ! Texas, Drummond! July-Aug nching, 1-2
feet long ; the bra tiles. pet quadrangular. Tana x 3 Golo ong,
acute, atternuate at the base. tipules wi ad pote desi which ar
several times anger than the sheath. W hor 0-flowered. Flow
` scarcely more than 14 line long. Teeth of te man lanceolate. Corolla
ecd © lobes semi-oblong tyle almost wanting: stigma with 2 di-
chartaceous ; the cells — ti
Eras Capsule eds
attaches by iio middle = the face to the placen Embryo in the axis of
Er vu oblong wards.— |
TE
cartilaginous album g: cael pointing downw.
he
T m ticies blackish i in i drying,
ou
attenuated at the base into a petiole, sihn t scabrous above
k,
ry clusters ; corolla fannel-form, 3 tim eue
serted ; style et asd Weiden stigma Satay 9. bad: 7 ape oblong-
PY tidak cro ned with 4 ca alyx-t eeth.
Middle Florida, on bis banks of the deo River, JD Met tne / and
n Louisiana !—Stem about 2 feet high. Lea a half long,
pa a ditus gly sree d beneath with the anaple - obliape ae "c usters
flowers dense, often haif an inch in diameter. Calyx slightly hairy; the
teeth lanceolate. Corolla 3 lines long, white? Filaments slender, ee
i e y
ure, lea
the thin dissepiment adhering to one of the cells.—Nearly allied to - tenuior ;
but that species hes ashort« obov ate fruit, and very short pecia stamens and
WwW
style. e ha from Louisiana (in flower, ut du but
have no memorandum of the source from which they were Yr s ed ; in these
the lobes of Ted dorella are sprinbles, both inte y and REPERTA with
sho , apparently deciduo
- S. tenuior (Linn.): stem annual, branching; the branches obtusely
angie, labour somewhat scabrous; leaves lanceolate, with short petioles,
` scabrous on the margin and a surface; stipules with 5-6 bristles, which
are rather longer than the sheath ; rls few, many-flowe "ei corolla some-
what campanulate, the tube scarce M twice the — of the calyx ;.
much shorter than the corolla ; Mb the length of the stamens; — 2-
lobed; eaj psule obovate, crowned with 4 calice fee spec. l.p. 102;
Rub. l. c. t. rod
rehe idu i ie A. Rich. mem. ; De.
552. S. verticillis ten
West, Florida, Mr. E
enui
*
"
*
wnwards, and í
a longitudinal chink along the inner surface.’ a obovate-oblong, marked x
= Flowers small, in axillary or terminal ae capitate whorls, blue oF
— :
E. A
m E
xx
€
ta.
28 RUBIACES. =. vs SPERMACOCE. ^
mens glabrous. Leaves about an inch long. Whorls few-(6—10-) flowered. ?
Flowers smaller than in the preceding species. Anthers roundish-oblong.—
This is chiefly a West Indian species, and we doubt whether it has been .
found hitherto within the limits of our Flora
sis
— t Doubtful Species. $
. S. ki egg Alae E stem diea i cie Pat! aed e p
Wate: lanc minate, hirsu n both surfac tipules w Ed
bristles ; ee te iia aten: iea nai, Pork, ft. P. p ET. E
Carolina, Fraser.—About a foot high. Leaves broad and somewhat ob-
‘a . Flowers white, wi tube. Pursh. s
we suspect ther e mistake as to the locality), is marked, per
by Mr. Don, “ S. Mi "Bot. mag."; a species which has been referr
the = Cruse sea.
3. BORRERIA. Meyer, fl. Essequeb. p. 79; DC. prodr. 4p 540. B.
Bigelovia, Spreng. syst. ; not Spreng. entd., nor of Smith, nor of Raf. nor of DG.
Calyx-tube ovate; the > limb persistent, 2—4-toothed. Corolla infundibu
form or hypocrateriform, 4- lobed. Stamens 4. Stigma 2-cleft or undivided:
Fruit dry, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, 2-celled; the 2 one- -seeded ;
carpels separating from the apex dow each dehiscing equally b
on the face with a longitudinal furrow.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent (tropi--
cal) plants. Leaves sometimes mcos véstistihia from the fascicles in
the axils. Stipules cohering with both petiol s, fringed with several bristles* —
calyx Sarien
T
ampa Bay, Florida, Dr. Leavenworth !—Stem 2 feet or more in len ngth |
(erect?) ; the internodes about 2 inches long. Leaves 1-2 inches in iene
ris
ve on
iscence, this em resembles Hedyotis, onè —
species of which (H. monosperma, Wight & Arn.) has but a cU seed in
each cell ..
4. DIODIA. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 25; DC. prodr. 4. p. 561.
— ovate or obovate, often 8-nerved ; the limb 2-4-parted. Co rol i
infundibuliform or tubular, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, inserted into dio dm
Sae cells E. undivided. Pu
o yc * A
- he si e # : S e -
s ou i
Diopta. * RUBIACEZE. 29
*
fleshy, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, 2- (rarely 3-) celled; the 2 (or 3)
one-seeded carpels separating from the apex downwards, both indéhiscent. .
Seeds oval, peltate, flattish, marked with a shallow furrow on the face.—
Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent plants (American, fs c tropical}
with the habit of Spermacoce. Leaves often fascicled in the a
appear verticillate. Stipules usually fringed with bristles. Pas: small,
white, axillary, solitary or several together.
* Corolla somewhat hypocrateriform, with a long and very slender tube: style deeply 2-
cleft ; fruit crowned with 2 (or 4 alternately smaller) calyx-teeth.
. D. Eingang (Linn.) :-: pou herbaceous; stem proc bent ;
i ok aves varying from lanceolate-lin ong espe sessile es of
me the stipu es longer a the haath : “fide ers solita opposite $ tube of the
Ra nded ; iar plus y lobes of ihe deeply 2-cleft style filiform ; PN
. ovoid or oblong, oa gen, crowned with 2 (rarely 4 eerie smaller
Fè lanceolate calyx- eth.
^. a. Linnei: nearly glabrous ; oad erre : e epa somewhat.
~ glabrous.—D. Virginiana, E nn. s p-104; Lam. ill. t. T Vir-
^ 4 ginica, aber it spec. 1 p. 5 d N syn. n. Walt]. Purs he m T Pg + E.
E 41x our Lee odr. 4. p. 562. Spermacoce Viii, k Rich.
mem. l. c. E .
bud
P
i
PE!
S:
8
T
Eco: es ovate-lanceolate : fruit ovate, -
I fl. 1. p. 81. D. tetragona, Walt. Car. p.
l-e í
y- hirsuta: whole plant very Bay; ; Aer linear- mrs yay acute;
fruit oblong.—D. hirsuta, Pursh „fl-1 ; Ell. sk-1. p.191; DC.l.c
Damp » soil, grito along vut : B. irginia! to ge Florida!
Alabama ‘and Louisiaha! y. South Guam Elliott. Georgia, Pursh, |
Middle Florida, Dr. Chap man ! Marea on 1-2 feet long, somewhat
quadrangular. Leaves ue inches long; in 3. those of the branches much
shorter and broader in proportop n than the lower cauline ones ; in y. nearly
all of equal le ngth. Flowers nearly half an inch long. Corolla white ; the
segments lanceolate-oblo ong, More or less hairy inside. Anthers linear.
Capsule 2-3 lines long in a. and 8., 4-5 lines Ne = By with several
strong longitudinal ridges. “Seed oblong, plano-co i as
nag as the albumen: colyledons ee : radicle inferior, endo. —
many intermediate forms between D. Virginica, eim im and hirsuta o.
authors, that we can scarcely distinguish them eve
FS
* * Corolla infundibuliform, with a wide tube: style undivided : ; stigma capitate or $. E
lobed: fruit crowned with 4 (rarely 5) calyz-teeth. =
2. D. teres Hcr annual, ascending or proeumbent ; ‘stems pu ubescent
or hairy; leaves linear or io protons ire of the stipules much.
longer than the fi fruit; flowers solitary or 2-3 in each axil; corolla much.
longer than the minutely otie en ais teeth; the stamens shorter
than its ere stigma large, 2-lobed ; fruit somewhat hairy, ovoid-turbinate
and somewhat — separating into 2 crustace WAS gpm oe
Car. p. 87 ; DC.! prodr. 4. p. 562 ; Darlingt. fl. Cest. rmacoce
diodina, Micke. tf. 1; p88; Parik, fi. p. 85; Ell. de De . p. x5; Torr.!
TT T
im af l Sahiy fi fields, New Jersey! to Florida! and Louisiana! and west to Ii~ :
! and the sources of the Canadian River, Dr. James ! eS -Sept—
-Stem nearly terete, 4-16 inches high, m much branched, clothed with a sh
T =
m.
By
G- RUBIACE®. : Dióda 3
pubescence, and peccet Seed sns hirsute hairs. Leaves about an
on Ant
linear-oblong. Capsule (usually but one in each asi aot 2 lines ees
much longer ihai the calyx-teeth.
3. D. tricocca : perennial, much branched, depressed; stems somewhat
airy : leaves res tina, i revolute margins; oid a u pie scarcely
h
d !—Plant sedie a small state of D. teres, 3-4 E
nidrib beneath som n youn 5
ve fruit much smaller than in the preceding ; the alter ne h alt the :
e, and apparently always tricoccous, very hispid when young, as well à
"e liliiceolare teeth of the calyx. with stout bris stles ; bi ut the mature ee is
specimens do not exhibit the corolla in god condita: Pues all the flow des 3
w i t ; TIC í
pellary ovary, while the teéth of the calyx are 4, or very rare ely 5, in nu ves E
ee these characters are not constant, but the species is very different —
m any with which we are acquainted. L.
Subtribe 2. Puronrkm, DC.—Flowers distinct. Fruit somewhat fleshy
upaceous, seldom bipartible.
M Un
nf ee AR
Tus
. 5. ERNODEA. Swartz, prodr. p. 99, & fl. Ind. Occ. p. 223, t.4; .Gertn.
> fr. t. 196, Sf: 63 A. Rich. mem. l. c. t. 15, f. 2; DC. prodr. 4. p. "576.
Calyx-tube ovate ; the lobes of ‘the 4-6 parted limb T linear, acute,
'orolla
serted into the upper part of the tube: anthers linear, exserted. Style fili- A
form, longer than the stamens: stigma emarginate. Fruit drupaceous, 3 z
: obovate or roundish, 2-celled, crowned, with the long erect segments of the
í calyx, bipartible when mature ; the nuclei 1-seeded, cartilaginous, indehis-
. cent. Seeds peltate, flat and furrowed on the face. Embryo straight:
-~ . cotyledons oval -suffrutescent and decumbent glabrous (West Indian)
plant; with sessile’ somewhat rigid lanceolate leaves. Stipules sheathing, .
many-parted. Flowers pre f solitary, sessile, qitdiowish. Fruit yellow...
M vigo l. c.)—Knoxia, P. Browne, Jam. p- 140. no. 1. Thy-
t Jam. t.
coy Blodgett! Southern I Dr. Hassler !—Stem 6-10
inches bue ranching from the base, stout C
rangular. cond crowded tow "dida tha extremity of short branches, _
at coriaceous or paei very acute and Putman m
Xn Qo.
&
CEPHALANTHUS. RUBIACE X. d 31
Subtribe3. CEPHALANTHES, DC.—F lowers and fruit sessile and densely
aggregated on a globose receptacle. Fruit dry, 2-4-partible.
6. CEPHALANTHUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 59; Gertn. fr. t. 86
Calyx-tube obpyramidal; the limb 4-toothed. Corolla tubular, slender;
the lobes of the 4-cleft limb erect, imbricate in estivation. Stamen
scarcely exserted. Style filiform, much exserted : stigma capitate. Fruit
inversely pyramidal, coriaceous, 2-4-celled, separating from the base to the
summit into 2—4 closed one-seeded portions. Seeds pendulous, conforman « to
the cell, crowned with a kind of corky arillus. Embryo straight, i
axis of somewhat cartilaginous albumen : cotyledons oblong, fo Is:
, radicle slender.—Shrubs (American) ; with oval or lanceolate (opposite or
tern ate) leaves. Stipules short, distinct or somewhat united. Flowers
densely aggregated in a globose head (the receptacle hairy): the peduncles
terminal and from tbe upper axils. Corolla white.— Button- Bush. d-
Sees s
ovata or ipee oval, ac minate, distinctl niet Eis glabro usi]
duncles x om = ES Mesi, usually ternate at the extremity
b cuum : P ES Pcie arb. t. 54, Se oe x a
21, & t. 5. & 6. ROP sh. fl. 1. ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 186 ; Torr.! fl. 1-.p- —
164; Bart. jl. Amer. Sept. 3, t 91; ' Darkiagt fl. Cest. p. 98 ; "DC. prodr.4. ~
B. younger branches and lower surface of the EN pubescent.
arginof swamps and wet thickets, Canada! and Northern States! to
Georgia! Arkansas! and Texas! (the northern ie usually glabrous; the ©
southern more or less pubescen July~Aug.—Shrub 3-10 h
wW h
g
the ovary; the teeth obtuse, persistent. ei “nearly half an — long ;
| the limb Arii fume fee the lobes obtu
E II. B dee De.
Fruit drupac "one-secded bony or crustac
inna hich à are re falta or 'grébved on the inner: side, and often L
marked with a furrow on the outer. Albumen h or peii
cartilagi zem ZEstivation of the corolla — x —
shrubs. Stipules 2 between the petioles on each si er dient
or combined. Fl lowell Mestinct, or in capitate involucrate fascicles.
7. CHIOCOCCA. P. Browne, Jam. p. 174; Linn.; I
Gaertn. fr. t. 26 ; A. Kich, mem. l. c. p- 106; DC. pr
Calyx-tube ovate ; the limb — 5-toothed. Corolla campanulate-in- -
'.fundibuliform, 5-lobed; the lobes spreading. Stamens 5: im
serted into the base of the corolla, and scarcely cohering with it, somewhat —
monadelphous, pubescent : anthers linear, included. Style filiform, some-
€
Cnrococca-
what clavate at the summit: stigma entire, or of 9 agglutinated lobes.
Fruit fleshy, globose-compressed and somewhat didymous, crowned with the
calyx-teeth, including 2 oblong coriaceous nucules. Seeds suspended. Em-.
bryo straight, in the axis of somewhat cartilaginous albumen : radicle long
and slender: cotyledons small.—Shrubs (tropical American), o often with
sarmentose branches. Leaves petioled, glabrous. Stipules connate. Flow-
ers white or often turning yellowish, im axillary opposite racemes. (Root ¥
emetic, &c.) "
i c. racemosa (Jacq) : leaves ee acute at each end; corolla many
times e teeth of the = s filaments puberulent. y ^»
ET fl. 1. ; Andr. bot. rep. t. 284; Hook. ! etot.
a3 prodr: &. p. 482 T d eg a.) Jasminum flore myrtino, —
&c.,; Sloane, Jam. t. ee J. : Porisivilieoum racemosum, &c., Dill. Ellh. - :
t. 228, f. 295. Lon ba, Linn. spec. 1. 1175.
Sea coast of Florida, Mekaar ! Key West, Mr. Blodg gett! i West
Indian & Mexican.)—Leaves 2-3 inches des and an inch. Or. re broad,
hite. The branches are sometimes sarmentose ; the leaves somewhat va- E
- riable in form, and often acuminate; and the racemes either simple or pani- — |
culate —Snowberry.
8. PSYCHOTRIA. Wert Gern: fr. t. 25; DC. ted 4. p. 504; ©
rn. prodr. Ind. Or. 1. p. 432
a lyx-tube ovate ; the limb short, 5-lobed, 5-toothed, or soniewnae entire. ©
Corolla infundibuliform, us ‘short, 5- (or rarely 4-) cleft, regular, with ~
the throat glabrous or bearded; the limb spreading or recurved; the seg- =
ments incurved at the point: æstivation valvular. Stamens 5, or rarely 4
anthers exserted or included within the throat of t r
Feni drupaceous, containing 2 nucules, crownes
nuc
-seeded. Seed Eid a cartil
ed) z — Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous plants.
‘site, petioled. Peduncles usually terminal. Flowers panicled oi
ES WE
Es e lanceolata (Nutt.): leaves lanceolate, EPA s at each end;
lower s well as the branchlets ferruginous-pubescent; stipules i
plesiai m -B5 " » deciduous, sphacelate; c corymb terminal, trichotomous
bee DC Nu. in Sill. = 5. p. 290 (1822) ; DC. prodr. 4
Pae
East be Florida ; Mr. sei Leaves 2-3 inches long. putem bt E
red."—This i es unknown to us. De Candolle remarks that he h
pec! y Michaux. We have insufficient specimens, apparently
cies of Ao ears collected in Florida by Dr:
MonINDA. s Burm: die 33
Trine TII. GUETTARDER. Kunth.
Fruit drupaceous, 2-8-celled, or containing 2-8 one-seeded nucules;
Seeds somewhat terete, elongated, usually - erect. Albumen mostly
eshy. -JEstivation of the corolla usually contorted or valvate.—
Small trees, shrubs, or very rarely herbs. Stipules between the pe:
.. tiles.
Subtribe 1. Morinpex, DC.—Flowers and fruit aggregated in a densé
head and more or less coherent with each other. Æstivation of the corolla
valvate.—'T'ropical shrubs or small trees.
9. ‘MORINDA. Vaill.; Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. T Jd a
Calyx-tube obovate, cohering with the adjoining flowers; the limb short,
scarcely t thed. Corolla infundibuliform; the tube somewhat terete; the
limb spreading, 5- (rarely 4-) lobed. Stamens 5 (rarely 4): fil ts short t
anthers usually included. Style filiform: stigma 2-cleft; the lobes filiform:
Fruit baccate, containing 2-4 nucules, all usually concreted into a com-
pound subglobose fruit, which is areolate ae the vá of the ws Em-
bryo terete, in a fleshy albumen.—Shrubs o rare
3 or 4 ina whorl. Stipules within the ae ae obtuse. Pedunclés
solitary or several together, axillary, opposite the leaves (from the suppres-
sion of a leaf), or terminal. Flowers sessile upon a globose receptacle,
1:3 Bark of | spe root styptic and used for dyeing.)
E L I. Roio c (Linn.) : patroia j eae at the base; leaves broadly
EC OPTE eia acute, graduall we e base into a short petiole ;
stipules broad and very short, poe H Fieis short, axillary of
opposite a leaf; ES exserted.—. Linn. spec. 1. p.176; Jacq.
indob. t. prodr. 4. p. 448. es pen c Plumier,
ic Pluk. alm.
t E Oui in the West Indies, api epi
à both arcee, except a pubescence in the axils
h. £ s 4—6 lines long, esaii opposite
inch in diz ui Flowers crimson.
CAE
ibe 2. MrrcnLLER.— Flowers solitary, o or geminate with their
ovaries Gnited. JEstivation of the corolla valvate. Albumen somewhat
[ox ilaginous or corneous.—Creeping a natives of the northern
. and southern extratropical regions, and on within the tropics.
10. MITCHELLA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 63; Gaertn. fr. t. 192.
Chamedaphne, Mitch. ; not of Buxb.
Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries united. Limb of the calyx conspicuous,
4-toothed. Corolla infundibuliform, wah: a sonièr tube, 4-lobed ; the lobes
Spreading, densely hirsute or bearded within - wel ss oe See
x
34 ; = RUBIACER. MircBELLA.
throat of the corolla: anthers oblong. Style filiform: stigmas 4, linear,
somewhat exserted. Fruit baccate, oblate- -globose,-usually composed of the
united ovaries of both flowers (one of them sometimes abortive, or want-
ing ?) ; each of which contains 4 small corneous 1-seeded nucules. Embryo
minute, at the extremity of somewhat cartilaginous albumen: cotyledons
short; the radicle thick. Glabrous creeping evergreen herbs (indigenous to
North America, and perhaps to the mountains of Peru ?) with = ovate .-
or roundish petioled leaves. Stipules triangular-subulate, minute. E
terminal, white or pale rose-color, odorous. Fruit bright red, edible
persistent.
ENS have drawn the character —— from M. r repens; since it is Raper.
ether = eer A ave not seen,) belongs to this genus, rather
that to a. Does Mm Nera depressa, Banks (or rather Solander), as left
by De Candolle, hes ex or more species ?
1. M. repens (Linn.) : leaves "— vie often slightly cordate ; pe-
duncle 2-flowered.—Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 1 fu 1. 1. p. 86; Pursh,
Ji- 1. p. 101 ; Ell. sk. 1. p. 198 ; Torr.! d . p-174; Bigel. fl. Bos Bn
2. p. 52; Bart. fl. Amer. Sept. t. 95, f. 1; DC.! prodr. 4. p. ;
Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. i Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 105. Ae oe
cifera, &e., Pluk. amalth. t. 444, f. 2; Catesb. Car. 1. t. 20. Tonoa
; PP
foliis subovatis &c. Gronov. ! ed. 1
h oist woods, about the roots of trees, pei r throughout the
United States! to Florida! and Louisiana! xico, ex DC.
ico, ex
June. paper to April in the Southern cus Ell.)— Stems slender,
branching, 6-12 inches long. Leaves on slender petioles, half an inch or
n *.
line, a = texture, turning blackish in drying. Corolla about half an a
li
inch long; sometimes 3-cleft (and then triandrous), Mee les
. 5-8-cleft, but never Gret d with more than 4 stamens. rries about
a third of an inch in diameter, broader than long, crowned wi je perisi
ith th
teeth of two calyces, brie e red, edible but insipid, persistent io the
winter and until the plant flowers again.— Par rtridge- Berry.
Subtribe 3. EvevETTARDEE, DC. (excl. gen.)—F lowers distinct. Es- P.
tivation of the corolla usually contorted. Albumen fleshy.— Tropical trees. E
or shrubs.
11. GUETTARDA. Linn.; Vent. oc t: 1; Gertn. dr ik 36; ; A.
a Rich. mem. l. c. p. 121
Calyx-tube orate or globose ; the limb tubular, persistent or deciduous,
truncate or irregularly toothed. Corolla hypocrateriform ; the tube cylindri-
4-9, oval-oblong. -Anthers 4-9, nearly sessile in the throat of the
nn linear. Stigma cse e 2-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, subglo-
bose or ovate, usually crown e persistent limb of the calyx : endo-
carp bony, obtusely odas. idisse the cells 1-seeded. Seeds some-
what terete.—Small trees or shrubs (mostly tropical American) ; with ovate
= lanceolate, or rarely cordate leaves. Stipules lanceolate, deciduous. Pe-
duncles » once or twice dichotomous; the flowers sessile in the forks.
and unilateral on the — of the peduncle.
GUETTARDA. RUBIACE Æ. 35
G. elliptica ? (Swartz) : leaves ovate and clipica rather obtuse, mu-
eret; hairy on both surfaces; petioles short; peduncles usually "tir
than the leaves; cymes 2-cleft; flowers terramerous tube of the corolla
silky-hirsute, three times as long, as the calyx; p "us calyx at length
deciduous.—Swartz, prodr. p. 59? DC. prodr. 4. ^
Key West, Florida, Mr. Piode ett/—A shrub; pi xiu Miri je pu-
bescent. Leaves 1-2 inches long, rather acute at i: base, the lower surface
more hairy than the upper: dep 2-3 ÉD Peduncles sometimes rather
longer than the "ven twic t dichotomou 8. ut one-
alyx tiae, ipa tched on one side of the orifice,
subulate
Style filiform, included : stigma entire. Immature e ovate.—We have
not seen authentic specimens of G. elliptica, do species which agrees most
nearly with ours ; but ix seems to differ in the leaves ia smoothish above,
and in the 2-lobed stigma.
12. ERITHALIS. P. Browne, Jam. t. 17, f. 3; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 159;
Gerin. fr. 1. 96 ; A. Rich. mem. l. c. p. 133; DC. prodr. 4. p. 465.
Calyx-tube ovate; the limb short, 5- ere Corolla somewhat rotate,
5-parted ; the segments lin Stame : filaments subulate, inserted in-
to the base of the corolla: bn E dut Style stout, as long as the
filaments: stigma bilamellate, the lobes agglutinated. Ovary 5-10-celled;
with a single pendulous ovule in each cell. Drupe globose, somewhat fleshy,
suleate, with 5-10 bony nucules.—Glabrous (chiefly West Indian) shrubs.
Leaves petioled, somewhat coriaceous. Stipules persistent, short and broad.
Flowers in paniculate cymes from the axils of the uppermost leaves.
- E. fruticosa (Linn.): leaves obovate; panicles — fruit 8-10-
ud crowned with the truncate LET of the calyx.—D0C. prodr. l.c. E.
odorifera, Jacq. stirp. Amer. p. 72. t 3, f: 83
Southern Florida, Dr. Leitner dew about 2 pua Pon, obtuse, the
lateral veins indistinct, abruptly tapering at the base into a ‘short petio
Stipules with a small mucronate point. Cymes Ere eari flowers
prase crimson ?
x.
Tree IV. HAMELIEJE. A. Rich., DC.
Fruit baccate, 3-many-celled; the cells many Albumen
fleshy.— Trees or shrubs. Sti tipules between the "(rarely verücillate)
petioles,
13. HAMELIA. Jacq. stirp. Amer. p. 71. t. 50, & ic. rar. t. 335; Lam.
ill. t. 155; Gaertn. fr. t. 191 § 196.
P Calyx-tube oval; the lobes 5, short, erect, "leute, persistent. Corolla tu-
bular, somewhat 5-angled, slightly 5-lohed at the summit; the lobes equal,
scarcely spreading. Stamens 5, inserted into the middle of the corolla, in-
cluded: anthers oblong-linear. Stigma obtuse, somewhat poit Berry
oval, 5-furrowed, 5-celled ; the cells membranaceous, many-se
minute, compressed.— Tropical American shrubs. Leaves pe. ternately
or quaternately verticillate, petioled. Stipules one on each side, lanceolate- :
subulate, Flowers s red or orange, showy, in di-tric
36 RUBIACEZ. HAMELIA.
1. H. patens g acq.) : pos ternate, oval-oblong, acuminate at each end,
villous-pubescent underneath ; cymes colored, di- ege, aet in a terminal
pedunculate umbel; esin cylindri up - DC—Jacy. stirp. Amer. l. c. ; Smith,
exot. bot. t. 94; DC. prodr. «p. TU coccinea, Sudriz, pe p.
46. Dubamelia m Pere. at, 1. pu
' . Key West, Florida, Mr. Bennett Ae shrub 8-10 feet high, with a
trunk 3-4 inches in and meter ; the ies e branches minutely pu pe
nch o
Leaves 2-4 inches long, and an i hat glabrous
ve. gd sexe forked, with ihe flowers sessile in pp on the
divisions; the common peduncle trifid. Flowers bright red, very handsome.
Berry about aerae of an inch long. Seeds oval, scrobiculate, only one
(in our specimen) ripening in A ell.
Trizg V. EUCINCHONEÆ. (Cinchonaceæ, DC.)
Fruit capsular, 2-celled; the cells many-seeded. Seeds winged.
Albumen fleshy. —Trees or shrubs, Stipules between the petioles.
14. EXOSTEMMA. Dc. diss. 1806 ; A. Rich. mem. l. c. p. 280.
Exostema, Pers. (8 of Cinchona), L. C. Richard.
Calyx-tube obovate ; the limb 5-toothed. Corolla with a long terete tube,
the segments of the 5-parted limb linear, revolute, valvate in news.
Stamens 5, inserted into the corolla near the base, much exserted: anthers
narrowly linear. Style filiform, clavate at the summit: stigma entire’ or
somewhat 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, opening at the summit by septici-
dal dehiscence. Seeds flat, with a circular winged margin, retrorsely im-
bricated.— Trees or shrubs of tropical America, (the bark febrifugal or some-
| emetic; but destitute of Quinia and Cinchonia, according to St. 4
Hilaire), usually glabrous. Stipules one on each side. Peduncles axillary
terminal.
or
1. XE. Caribeum (Rem. & Schult.) : leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
glabrous; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, about the length of the petiole; teeth
of the calyx very short.— Schult. syst. 5. p. 18; DC. prodr. 4.
9. . Cinchona Caribea, Jacq. stirp. Amer. t. 179, f. 85. & obs. LEHI
Garin. fr- t. 33; Lamb. Cinch.1.4; An = Bot. rep. t. 481. e Jamaicensis,
WE a 39
l ; I row The k ark st
indies as eoa eris E o mim of this Nati is fom in is We
15. PINCKNEYA. Michx. A. 1. p. 103, t. 13; A. Rich. mem. l: c. p. 277.
uc
Calyx-tube oblong-turbinate ; four of the segments of the deciduous 5-
parted limt Hinear-lanceolate, the fifth usually dilated into a large colored
the corolla cylindrical; the lobes of the 5-parted limb linear-
oered spreading, somewhat imbricate in æstivation. Stamens 5,
into thi near the base, exserted : anthers oblong. Style fili-
leaf.
oblong,
RAN t di
Loi Lab
, ic
- PixckNEYA. RUBIACE X. 37
form: stigma obtusely 2-lobed. Capsule subglobose, coriaceo-chartaceous,
2-valved, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, horizontal, in a double series, flat,
with a reticulated membranaceous wing. Embryo large, straight: cotyle-
dons foliaceous, concave.—A large shrub or small tree; the young branches
&c., hirsute-tomentose. Stipules one on each side, linear-subulate, cadu-
cous. Flowers large, in small cymes, which are terminal or in the axils of
the upperleaves. Corolla purplish inside, hirsute-canescent externally.
P. pubens (Michx. ! 1. c.)J—M ichz.. f. sylv. k r 260, t. 49; Puh Aai.
p.158; Ell. sk. 1. p. 269; Nutt.! gen. 1. ; DC. prodr. 4 . p. 366;
= E Amer. Sept. t. 7 ; Audubon, birds of Ae E10, Fr. pubescens,
Gaertn. f. fruct. 3. p. 80, t. 194. eec pubescens, Pers. syn. 1. p. 197.
Cinchona Caroliniana, Poir. dict. 6. p. 4
mps, S. Carolina ! to Middle Florida! May-June.—Stems or irunke
ol ea ea Leaves oval, acute or acuminate at both ends, on short pe-
tioles, nearly a Moe ve, pubescent or somewhat tomentose beneath, 4—
ches long, and 3 or 4 broad. Limb of the calyx ponm e ires
(or sometimes two the s Mete dilated into an oval membran
(rose- Mee petioled leaf, two or three inches in length. Corolla a ya
and a half long; the segments bats than the tube. Capsule about half an
incita in V ch the dehiscence loculicidal = at length partly septicidal
u
| hab The
taste and sedie cinal properties of f. Cinchona, and Epeng contains di ine
or a new alkaline principle.
Tusr VI, HEDYOTIDEJE. Cham. & Schlecht.
16. HEDYOTIS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 62; A. Rich. mem. l.c.; Hook. fl.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 286; W. & Arn. sare Ind. Or. 1. p. 405; Endl,
gen. p. 548, bier. t. 89. : ae
- Hedyotis, Houstonia, & Oldenlandia, 3e Xeá ie. DEC,
Calyx-tube ovate or globose; the limb 4- (rarely 5- 7) toothed or cleft, i.
persistent. Corolla infundibuliform, hypocrateriform, or rotate, .4- {rari m
5-1) lobed; the lobes imbricate in estivation. Stamens as many as the
lobes of the corolla, inserted either i in the throat or towards the base of the
tube. Stigma usually 2-cleft or 2- lobed. Capsule globose, ovoid, or obcor- m
date, mostly cori riaceous, t the summit often free from and exserted beyond the .
calyx, 2-celled, opening across the summit by loculicidal dehiscence, : and at
length | often slightly septicidal. Seeds few or 2 on placenta (e er
sob to which p OMlit into each cell, with a retic
ulate testa, —Herbs,.
T or suffruticose plants. spo a
m RUBIA ER. : -
e
$e.
Plant often Siria blackish in drying.
n I Corélla hypocrateriform ; the tube muc longer than the teeth or equal
Sk of the calyx (which arë distant in pj ' limb glabrous: stamens and
v ce dicecio-dimorphous, i. e., the stamens in | one e plant inserted in or near
the throat of the corolla, and. often somewhat. ezserted, and then the style in-
cluded ; in the other, the stamens inserted into the tube of the corolla near
the base, and the style mite : filaments short: anthers linear or oblong:
capsule somewhat didymous or 2-lobed, the — broad summit es from the
calyz, loculicidal : seeds several (8-20 in each cell) biculate or reticulated,
rr
oval or roundish, with a deep hollow on the Mice: small iual o or sometimes
perennial herbs : Spules ‘entire, minute: peduncles axillary or terminal, 1
one-flowered.—Hous' gioni, Linn. Hort. Cliff. (Sjjeçies of Anotis, DC.,
Arn.? Endl. Poiretia, Gmel. Panetos, Raf. 7) -
. €xrulea, on which that genus was founded in pel Hortus Clifortianus. — "This, if con-
of Anotis, but.in a more restrieted sense perhap 8 very nil NM
siderably extended, A L pro obably include a large portion of De Cándolle' : Aou E
gentia noides, Endl. icono Loop? t. 89 , certainly belon gs | 4 this sec
1. He mihim ma: annual, glabrous, « engine and d
leaves oo with a long attenuate base; [ ncles sor exceediag | 2
e leaves ; capsule obcordate, free only at the sum hc seeds oval, nearl
with à
ad cavity o n the fac =e" stonia minima, Beck, in Sil
ET
> Ax nks of o and prairies of the South Western States. Near St. Louis —
Rn Missouri, Beck, Dr. Engelmann! New , Nuttall! Arkan
a | EE inana Nuttall! Dr. Pitcher! Hale! March-Ma
er but smaller than in H. cerulea; the tube narrowed at the base, a$
calyx-segments. Seeds 10-15 in each cell; the ca vity of the face wider
ow in t following, with a iongijüdinal central ri vm ey
: d m or biennial, glabrous; stems numerous,
E mee = patulate o or oblanceolate, gr
o the se t pe — ally
Scien “a m, dapuak spre ading; Senet ule very -
abo af Daring fe C “rvs — robiculate.—
e
et " 7T an . . z$ Pa 5
Sept. t. 34, f. 1. H. pasilta; 3 * shay +. 2. ag” 306” T Oct syst.
H. Linnai a. elatior, Michx. ! e. Ch 1amejasme voi d
Plul 97; f. Sio i
nh the -— on both aides, ele ‘toothed, or sometimes fringed E: 1
bristles. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, ques glomerate.
x The name Houstonia must be retained for whatever section shall include H.
aves 4—5 lines
Co ole: rose-color or palie large for the size of
n
:
]
is Ey pia
w 4 TT Mus
Hgpxvoris. RUBIACE X. T
in the Southdfa States) Sept. sedis 3-6 inches high, branching from ad^
lic pe hon mous. f" leaves often minutely hispid on the
ow s as as the margin, usually 3-5 lines long. 'Peduncles 1-2
Tone Corolla 4-5 lines long ng (in 8. often much smaller), blue
or ‘blue and white (sometimes all white te), with a yellowish throat ; the tube
30 mes longer thaa the oblong-lanceolate calyx-segments; ‘the obes
adi than e tube. Zapsule, guae ers :
n to the ecalyx. Seeds 8-15
arf Pink. Bluets. - pe
H. serpyllifolia : perennial, neca glabrous ; stems numerous or ces-
Piney filiform, procüfbent or creeping, elongated ; leaves round Y
abruptly narrowed i a dome often Bight cordate, ciliolate ; peduncles
terminal, on f the e about the | A. 8. tube.—
Houstonia serpy Miche: ! Jl. 1. p. 85; Pursh! n f
nella, Purs
ria n the high mountains of "ash Das Michauz! T Moun-
g tains of Sport Siecle Mr. M. A. Curtis! May.—The filiform stems, in
, the spec s of Mr. Curtis, are: 6 to 10 inches long; and. the plant has
quite ihe habit of Are alearica, as Sor: aux has remarked: the leayes,
— the slender pe jles, do not e i i
ches lo ong. athe corolla about.as figi as in-H. cerulea, hee the lobes
know no e the Lg is really per ennial.. From _
s gion, Mr. Curtis has sent us specimens of H. caerulea (apparent-
ly), with the leaves nearly of the same shape and a die as distinctly peti- -
oled, but gd belong to a much stouter and nearl: => ant.—
he prio: Ta serpyllifolia of 1 Poiret, is referred to H. ; i
Wight & Arn =
Eg
f
995
the d of the face circulares
+
fhe m
wz
Val
be.
2
CD
e.
—
[1]
g
R
m
ct
“a
oO
ui
[e]
œ
E
S
e
Ms
*
EUM
- H. rotundifolia : “per rennial; stems branched, eine: leaves Mer ee
,,UÉ broadly? en ciliate when young, thickish, abruptly n owed into
_- petiole? peduncles axillary and shorte bon sometimes ini: sti and lot y.
_ — han the leaves; capsule free weve e middle, very broad, emarginate, ..
E o5 ; seeds roundish scant —Houstonia rotundifolia, Mois
j ; Ell... anetos i uper ig af. Ano
ar. p. 86. gend gie mbens, Gmel. syst. + ” 263.
ndifolia e : 4. p. 433. UM
Jarolina! 0 lodi ! ind Louisiana! flo wering -— Li
eaves | is nt, at length ne arly, labrous, — - an
's (white fom abate as large a . cerulea ;- -
g in frui the corolla Shoet than the sle:
Cappie splitting almost - 2 poete —The Ho rotuudifolia o Spon
1s : "
to H. trine
à ET
$ § 2. Corolla cas dies hairy à or
than the teeth th of the calyx, which are distant
from the (2 : e
the face: small erect perennial herbs, often corymbosely branche
s i e n _ in pie pet cymules.—A MPHI
C.* (§ of $
el
Lis said to have an 7 ibulifor
but the only
Ww
xc* In De basins sectional cha
40 RUBIACER. Hepyoris.
5. H. : stems erect or € Speram pubescent (at least $
Ten young) with spreading hairs ; leaves ovate o e-lanceolate, closely
sessile ve mt se, cie 4 or sprinkled with scattered hairs
, 3-5- ro e bas
above, the veins of the lower surface and margins pubescent; umbelliform
cymules 3-7-flowered, often clustered; lobes of the erae subulate-linear,
three or = times the engh of the "tube, and DE longer than the
Ie a capsule.—H. umbellata, Walt. Car. p. 85? Houstonia pur-
purea, Linn.! spec. 1. p. 105; Pursh! fl. 1. p. 167; Ell. sk. 1. p ;
Torr. A. 1. p. 173. - H. varians, Michz.! fl. 1. 86, in part. H. pubes-
cens, <8 > ed. repos. (her. 2) 5. p. 361? "Anotis lanceolata, DC.
prodr.
p. ikos of the ae lanceolate-linear, almost equaling the corolla ; leaves
lanceolate.—Hoóoustonia macrosepala, Nuit. / Hedyotis lanceolata,
oir. suppl.
bred and river banks; Maryland! Virginia! Western Pennsyly vania,
and Oh o Alabama! "Tennessee! and Missouri! May-July.—Stems
usualy boe from hé same root, branching, about a foot high. Leaves E
1-2 inches long, in size and shape not pera a of Galium cc
rounded at the base, rather acute ; varying however e aaae: ; the upper
. surface either hairy or glabrous. Stipules ovde se Corolla purple,
=> about 4 lines long, slightly hairy ere] ; = tube ‘snail longer than the
lobes of the calyx. Stamens all exserted in e specimens, all included in
others ; the filaments i bs the fe aio case sökerek with the tube of jm corolla
to the summit, but they may sometimes be partially detached without |
laceration. acts ne only at the summit; the cells several-seeded.
- H. ciliolata (Torr.): stems usually numerous and somewhat cespitose,
nearly glabrous ; Spite rather thick, obscurely 1-nerved ; the cauline ones
ar-o long, mostly obtu: ssi i
oblanceolate or btuse, inutely ciliate;
the radi ; ine ones oval-spatulate, tapering into a petiole,
ciliate Ma y 3-flowered, in c clusters ;
) ls short ; lobes of the calyx fe E about
ethe length of the sibglobos ps —Torr.! in S
:
7. prodr. ook. Ll. c. Houstonia Riad Toi 4.1.9 8
174. H. Canadensis, Muhl. in herb. Wild.! H. spy" Greliest mo
bot. m ag. t. 2882, not of Mic
Banks oF rivers and lakes, Carada ie jets ! in herb. Lamb.), Michigan!
Falls of Niagara! and on the shore of La tario! nearly confined to
limestone formations. Kentucky, Dr. Short ! May-
.—Stems
5 broader than in H gi
than in that species, clustered, lilac or pale purple. Stipules scarious, round-
ish, rather nk Calyx-lobes about half the | length of the tube of the corollas .
a Ng ater alf free ; the cells 8-9-seeded
. longifolia 4 (Hook.): glabrous; stems erect, 4- -angled with decur“
E jon lines; leaves linear or oblong-linear, acute or obtuse, tapering to the
base, l-nerv rved; a ical _ “oval or Rn narrowed into a petiole ;
vA M" Jb. . (ex xcl.
. Michr.) Houstonia E Gerin. fr. 1. p. 996, t. 49, f. 8 (fruit) 3
Willd.! spec. 1. p. 583 ; Ell YAT HE. A
p ; Hook. bot. mag. t. 3099. Heec Pursh! fl. 1. p
St
B. tenuifolia : stem E numerous divaricate branches —
Hepyoris. RUBIACE. 41
pierres sine pedicels filiform ; flowers small.—Houstonia tenuifolia, Nutt.
7.
uci banks &c., Canada! enr the Stren nn and Northern and
Western States! to the upper middle country of re Southern States !
Ohio! and mountains of N. “Ca roli t- € Tennessee to pene
June-Ju ly. ee s 5-10 inches high, — numerous don the same root,
— 4-sided, bat v ith the angle ma of them, margined aid
arrow ecurrent fined. Leave hare lines long, 2-3 lines broad, gla-
prods 8, Or che margins very slightly sca MER Stipules scarious, sidd, ovate
or o a Flowers rather smaller than in the acodit, pale purple or
white. Corolla much longer than the lobes of the calyx. Capsule
nearly half free ; the cells about 10-seeded. Stamens and style varying in*
versely, as in the preceding species.—This is probably distinct from H. pur-
, the row-leaved forms of which sometimes approach it very nearly ;
although the — of the calyx-lobes is perhaps not absolutely invariable.
Ít seems to pass insensibly into the H. tenuifolia, Nutt. ; which is, however,
a remarkably sle ets plant, with more distant narrowly linear leaves, and
very slender and spreading br — and pedicels, the latter several times
longer than the (about 8-seeded) fru
8. H. stenophylla: slightly suffruticose at the ^ glabrous; stems erect
or assurgent, much branc wd Es very narrowly linear, often w ith
smaller ones fasciculate -nerve th
flowers very numerous, in 3-4 tim d di trichotomous cymules, corymbose at
the ME of the iris: TD els seorg the central flower of each
cluster almost sessile ; lobes of the me subulate, as A. as the tube ; cap-
«nie ean E paii angustifolia, Michx. ! fl. 1 85. (not Hedyotis
angustifolia, Cham. & Schlecht.) H. fruticosa & um rupestris, Kaf.!
—— p in oe gen. 1820. (not sigs rupestris, Swartz.) `
rivers, and prairies; sea-coast of Fl ida, Mi
Billion! D i = ses Evam Missouri! Louisiana! Ark
uly. m pd — to ae feet high. Ja an inch or more in length.
Flowers very n sually fa mbose, pale purple: the tube
of the cilia dnes the piesn of the pete (which are furnished with a
ew very minute bristly hairs); the oblong segments and throat very villous
r
a
-
e
E
3
m
&
3
1
ones porien of the section. Capsule small — at the base; summit
nly free. - Seeds 5-10 in each cell, oval, black.—Readily distinguished by —
- inde fruit. In the other species of ^ section, the pedice re 2-7) are
equal or nearly so, and more or less elongated in fruit : in this, the central
flower of each cymule is nearly sessile.
$ 3. Corolla rotate, much shorter than the lanceolate teeth of the calyx, which
are spreading and with the sinuses acute in fruit: stamens and style very
short: anthers roundish-ovate : capsule ovoid, wholly coherent with the tube
of the calyx, loculicidally dehiscent across the summit: seeds very numerous”
and minute (50-60 in each cell), angular? herb perennial, with the habit f
Spermacoce or Diodia : stipules mostly bimucronate or bisetose on each sides
A solitary or 3-4 together in the arils of the leaves, almost sessile.—
Ses =
. H. se cii me. i: - herba E. gu. at the base, ndi à
branched, diffuse, glabrous; branches Lok anier: leaves linear, acute at each
end, obscurel ly 1-nerved; stipul small; flowers on very short pedi- —
“cels; teeth of the calyx fossa” omy spreading or rec
a VOL. II.-6 ie
$
Mania we pi a e Jlowers axillary, somewhat
L
1
42 RUBIACESR. Hzpvoris. E
than the slightly menie roundish- ovoid fruit.—D C.! prodr. 4. gen
Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 48.
Borders of ponds i Miis. and in open grounds, Carolina (Bose! n to
itr die ! Drummond ! Dr. Carpenter ! Alexandria, Dr. Hale!
and on the banks of the Sabine, Dr. Leavenworth! July~Sept.—Stems 6-
10 inches the: Leaves about an inch in length. F rs minute; the
it d wit
;
‘
§ 4. Corolla rotate, much shorter than the teeth of the calyx, which are erect in 3
fruit, with the sinuses acute: stamens scarcely longer than the lobes of the
corolla: anthers subglobose: style nearly none: stigmas oblong, obtuse:
capsule globose-compressed, wholly coherent with the tube of the calyz,
emarginate, loculicidally dehiscent across the summit: seeds very numerous
and minute (60 or more in each cell), angular: herb annual, with the habit
of Elatine: stipules bisubulate on each side: flowers solitary o or mostly
- glomerate in the axils of the leaves.—E t ATINELLA.
s and the preceding sections should probably be considered mere mie of
i. aroan Oldenlandia, whenever that group shall be definitely character
à » orr 1 :
nena & H os : p. 85, not UR H. uniflora, Lam. ae H.
. inks, ` Spreng. syst. 1. p. "13. Oldenlandia un
! "oun : P- 119. O. glomerata, Michz.! fl. 1. p. 83; Pursh, fe
. Margin of swamps, and — brackish marshes, New. York! and
New Jersey! to NE ! and Louisiana! June~Oct.—Stem 2-18 “aces
high. Leaves half an "e to an in sare long, Xen slightly pubescent, so
what 3-nerved at the bate; slightly entm Stipules on each side cleft eid
ly to the base into 2 —_— divisions, bs io are as long as the petioles or
Darrowed base of the leaves. Flow s small, seldom solitary or three to-
gether, and € pedicllat, usually in idee dense clüsters. Corolla many
mb of the calyx, white; the lobes semiovate.
plant does Mak be blackish | in drying. d
$5. (An gen.?) Flowers pentamerous : corolla ees 5-lobed, ,
somewhat longer than the 5 lanceolate-subulate teeth of the calyx, which are
erect in fruit, with the sinuses obtuse; stamens 5, ililuded, mot towards
the base of the corolla : anthers oblong : style as long as the stamens: cap-
sule turbinate, wholly coherent with (and rather shorter than) the tube of the
| calyx, loculicidal at the summit : icentæ pedicellate from the middle of the
septum, horizontal: seeds. very n , angular: herb perennial, dichoto-
me A
ul TOTIS. "
11. H. Halei: glabrous; stem diffase, dichotomous ; leaves oval-oblong,
So E
|
3
*
21
y. Heprozis. RUBIACEE. 43
somewhat fleshy, rather acute, narrowed into a slight petiole; cymules 3-5-
d, — pedunculate ; pee eg the vurbinato capsule.
Red R ar Alexandria, Louisiana, Dr. Hale /—Stems 8-10 inc
long, bran ed pont the dide: Leaver” an inch to an inch and a half für,
half an inch = shining underneath. Stipules broad, connate with the
petioles, Pisis naceous, truncate, with 2-4 short yA appendages on
each side. Pedicels scarcely longer ia, the calyx. Corolla white, about
eet the length of the calyx-teeth. es of the stigma linear-oblong,
airy. s minutely roughened.— — T'his plant — to accord wil
Hod)otis (Oldenlandia), except in its pentamerous flower
Houstonia grandiflora, p & ciliata, Raf. m 7. Housl., in amn. sci.
1820, (his subgenus Edrissa Ben ch c nia dbi to ; House aade are d.
- v ierra of H. czrulea. ustonia o ence "wrote. and heterophylla,
Susorper Ill. LOGANIEJE. R. Br. (Loganiacesm, Lindl.,
Endl. in part.)
Leaves opposite. Stipules between the petioles, sometimes nearly
obsolete. — /Estivation of the corolla valvate or convolute. Ovar
from the persica cals, or nearly so.—Shrubs or herbs, natives of
warm or tropical r tpe
itable hos we compare la, a ann of Hedyouo with
Calostylis, &c.), st we are fi e indications thrown out by the most
und botanist who proposed the order or tribe (Appz. to F'linders, 2. p. 564,
$2 and
ongo, p. 448) ; although it is still no less true than when Mr. Brown.
first made the 1 remark, that ngs are no satisfactory characters known to distinguis
Rubiacez from Apocynace
17. CCELOSTYLIS. Torr. § Gr. in Endl. decad., & iconogr. t. 101.
Calyx deeply 5-parted. Corolla infundibuliform ; the limb 5-cleft, val-
vate in estivation, the margins slightly reduplicate. Stamens 5,
near the middle of the tube, included: anthers oblong-linear. Ovary 2-
celled, free from the calyx, seated on a small 2-lobed disk: ovules 10 or
more in each cell, peltate, covering the somewhat projecting placente, which
arise from near the base of each cell: style included : the lower portion soli
persistent; the upper half membranous, tubular, deciduous by an articula-
tion; the summit cylindrical- ubclavate, villous with rigid collecting hairs:
stigma undivided. Capsule dymous, composed of two subglobose rather
coriaceous carpels, which at length separate from each other and from the
indurated disk, opening elastically by loc loculicidal dehiscence. Seeds 6-8 on
each globose placenta, wingless, angular, scrobiculate. Embryo nearly
the length ofthe fleshy albumen, almost str straight: cotyledons oblong. —Her-
baceous, probably perennial plants (natives of Florida and Texas), with
somew] at angular- stems. Leaves opposite, ‘ovate or oblong-lanceolate,
noel ae = petioled, wijh small entire stipules between the —
or somewhat cymulose, axillary, dichoto- - :
mal, uci obw
x vy
4 * RUBIACE X. CeLosTYLIS. .-
§ R. Br. ; fro
= and the i insertion of the sta
- C. loganioides (Torr. ki Gr. l. c.) : leaves ovate and obovate, some-
din at coriaceous ; the upper surface with the margins and the summit of the |
stem somewhat pnberulent-scabrous.
da,
ear Fort King, Florida, Dr. Burrows !—Stem, or branches, slender, 6-
10 inches long, ascending, glabrous except the e upper part and about the
nodes, somewhat 4-angled by lines decurrent from the leaves; tw the
angles more distinct. Leaves about half an inch c arcely petioled,
rather obtuse, marked with a wis strong oblique veins. Flowers apparently
three together at the summit (the central one on a abe pe SLE or solitary
and epals haces distinct, linear-subulate, less than half the
ax
length of the corolla, minutely serrulate under a lens. Corolla about 4 lines
long, glabrous, proba y white: the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acutish. Fila-
ments scarcely longer than the anthers: pollen triangular. Ovary ovoid.
ruit unknown.
2. C. Terana : leaves lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous,
pue: stem dichotomous at the summit.
xas, Drummond !—Stem m in 12-18 inches high, 4-angled with
aecureet e di-trichotomous at the summit, often bea aring 4 leaves in à
l at the first tifsreation. Tapk? inches long, 6-8 lines wide, rather
aie at Pih -— the veins few and nearly simp ipules ovate, those
e
ded together; the central ones n very short pedicels, Calyx,
a, stamens, and style as in rin prece dioi moms xp that the as
Sw
18. NBEO. Linn. hort. Clif-; R. Br. eae : dn 450 (note) ;
A. Rich. in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 1.
Ophiorhiza Mitreola, Linn. spec. weiner tat Gmel.
Calyx 5-parted. Corolla pee aren = exceeding the calyx;
bearded in the throat ; the lobes of the 5-parted limb ovate, 3-nerved. Sta-
mens 5, included, inserted i into the lower part of the tube of the corolla : an-
thers roundish. Ovary 2-celled, coherent with the calyx at the base : styles
short, separate at the base, united above: stigmas also united, small. Cap-
sule almost entirely free from the calyx, 2-horned or deeply 2-lobed, mitre-
pun esed, each lobe dehiscent near the summit by the ventral suture: `
[s "s
ques
Gave
P d
MrTREOLA. RUBIACEA. "45
cal: cotyledons short, ovate.—Annual glabrous herbs (natives of tropical
America and the Southern United States), with opposite oval or lanceolate
leaves, and very small entire stipules between the petioles. Flowers small,
white, in terminal scorpioid cymes.
Mitreola pan to differ from emper tec chiefly in its pentamero
flowers.— species of this pensis n Polypremum, the mw
are ks so copious, even in drie ensi, as o fasten the anthers strongly to
the sti
. M. petiolata: leaves membranaceous, lanceolate or oval-oblong, acute,
tee atthe base into a pes e. Pu iorhiza Mitreola, Linn. me l. p.
sk.
150; Swartz, obs. p. 59, O.: lanceolata, Ell. ! 1. p. 238.
a petiolata, Walt. P p. : 108. Cynoctonum petiolatum, Gmel.
[x dim shady soil, PA: ! to Florida! and west to the borders of Texsal
June-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high, somewhat branching. Leaves 1-3 inches
long. Peduncles terminal and from the axils of the upper leaves, once or
twice E Or trichotomous ; the flowers subsessile and unilateral
along the somewhat circinate divisions, and solitary in the forks. racts
minute, a ae ese one to each flower. Capsule e cima mitre-shaped ; the
lobes som web flat id suaren and posteriorly, slightly pointed, diverg-
ing, and then often somewhat convergent near the summit, each opening by
a small diii in the ventral salare near the summit.
2. M. sessilifolia : leaves firm or slightly coriaceous, ovate or rou
sessile; the veins conspicuous b is —Ophiorhiza Mitreola, Michx. ! c
1. p. 148 (p seh dee JH d En. f d 1. p. 237. O. ovalifo-
lia, Muhl. > Croomii, Curtis! pl. Wilmingt. in Bost. jour.
nat. hist. 1. ag 28. “hon mo sessilifolia, "Wait. ! Car. p. 108. a,
, Gm
B. angustifolia: ait "Jauceolaibealiiptical, closely sessile, obicotely-
Damp shady soil, and wet banks of rivers, South etr Georgia! and
Alabama! 5. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! June-Aug.—Stem 12-18
inches high, somewhat quadrangular, alapter i or sometimes eise from
the base, or slightly so at - summit. Leaves half an inch to a
often nearly round, very obtuse at the base, and close imum es
very small, boss of the ‘ower leaves indistinct. Peduncles and inflorescence,
flowers. n closer
ss his paper on the subject), who has proposed the e of =
ophiaehusoiden but, as he has follow: Michaux, who considered dial
c
rhiza Mitreola
19.7 seg secret a Linn., in act. Ups. (1741) t. 78; Lam. ilk t.
ertn. fr. t. 62; Juss. in ann. mus. Par. 5. p. 255, § mem. mus.
a i 382 ; DC. um 4. p. 435.
Symphoranthos, Mitet. a
Es os 4-parted; the divisions subulate from an ovate base, with
scarious margins. Corolla somewhat rotate, not longer than the calyx ; the
46 RUBIACE X. PorvPnEMUM.
throat bearded ; the lobes of the 4-parted limb slightly unequal, oval. Sta-
mens 4, inserted into the tube of the corolla towards the base, included: an-
thers subglobose. Ovary coherent merely with the base of the calyx, 2-
celled : style extremely short : stigma ovoid (large), entire. Capsule ovoid,
shorter than the persistent calyx, slightly compressed and didymous, 2-celled,
2-valved, loculicidal: placente oblong, ascending from near the base of the
dissepiment, many-seeded. Seeds minute, angled, diaphanous. ** Embryo
straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen." Gærtn.—A glabrous dichotomously
much branched and diffuse annual herb, rather rigid ; with opposite subulate-
linear leaves, connected on each side by an obscure stipular membrane.
Flowers small and inconspicuous, solitary and sessile in each fork of the —
branches, and terminal, subtended by one or two pairs of subulate bracts.
Corolla white.
P. procumbens (Linn. 1. c.)—Pursh, fl. 1. p. 99; Ell. sk. 1. p. 200;
DC.! l.c. P. Linnei, Michz. ! - p.
Dry fields bae pastures, Virginia! to Florida! Key West! and Louisi
ana! May-Sept.—Stems numerous, procumbent or somewhat erect, 6-12
g; the angles minutely ‘ican: ‘Leaves about an inch long,
on
Bracts similar to the upper apas Sepals = a green and rigid midrib
and subulate point, the border broad and scarious. Throat of the corolla
densely bearded : the 2 upper ? obes slighty po and perhaps a little
egent from the lower. Sta ual. Capsule between crustaceous
coriaceous ; the placente alba: nearly the length of. the cells, covered
‘throughout with the very numerous see
Orper LXXIV. VALERIANACEJE. DC.
Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary ; the limb various, some-
times forming a plumose pappus, occasionally obsolete. Corolla tubu-
lar-infundibuliform or obconical, often gibbous anteriorly or spurred ;
the limb mostly 5-lobed, imbricate in sstivation. Stamens distinct,
inserted into the corolla, sometimes 5, more frequently 3 or 4 (the pos-
terior only, or this and one of the lateral ones being suppressed),
rarely 2 or reduced to a single one (the posterior): anthers introrse.
Ovary mostly 3-celled, two of the cells empty, the third containing @
solitary suspended ovule: style filiform: stigmas 2-3, or united into
one. Fruit membranaceous or coriaceous, indehiscent, 1-celled, or
frequently 3-celled with 2 of the cells empty, sometimes 2-celled by
the confluence of the empty cells, 1-seeded. Seed anatropous, with a
membranaceous testa, destitute of albumen.—Herbs or sometimes
shrubs; the perennial species with thick and odorous roots or rhizomas.
_ Leaves opposite, exstipulate, simple or divided. Flowers in dichoto-
mous cymes, at first often glomerate, frequently corymbose or panicu-
late. Corolla white, rose-color, or blue, rarely purple or yellow.
EN.
t
VALERIANA. VALERIANACE./E. 47
1. VALERIANA. Tourn.; Linn. (excl. spec.); Neck. elem. 1. p. 122;
C. mem. Valer., & prodr. 4. p. 632.
Limb of the calyx involute after flowering, at length evolute, forming a
plumose pappus of numerous sete, deciduous. Corolla obconical, or with a
cylindraceous tube, sometimes gibbous, but not spurred at the base; the
limb obtusely 5- (rarely 3-4-) cleft, regular. Stamens 3. Fruit 1-celled
when mature (with no vestiges of the abortive cells), 1-seeded. Perennial
herbs or sometimes shrubby plants, with divided or undivided leaves. Flow-
ers cymose, the dichotomal flowers sessile; the cymules often paniculate or
glomerate. Bracts usually opposite. Corolla white, sometimes bluish or
rose-color. x
Our species are all true Valeriaris (8 Puv, DC.), and are perennial herbs.
* Stems climbing or twining.
1. V. scandens (Linn.): herbaceous, glabrous, climbing and twining;
leaves on slender petioles, ternately divided ; the divisions ovate or er nt
spec. 1
F lords, "Bald orth ! St tem — branching, climb-
ing to the height d t or ^i eee ues membranac
* * Sen erect : root or vhizoma somewhat creeping, —
c lobes, on joa petioles ; caul nes lig divided; the divi-
sions cence or ovate-lanceolate — or obscurely serrate, the s minal
one larger; flowers sal perfect and E numerous, in a compact cyme;
lobes of ‘be stigma 2-3, minute; frui ovoid, compressed, peo
Richards.! in appz. ie ankl. journ: ed. D p. 2; Hook.! fl. Bor. Am.
p?91. V. ‘dioica, Pursh, fl. 9. p. 727.
8. uliginosa : leaves ciliate ; the surface also (as well as the uL often
minutely AEn the terminal division — toothed.— V. we
ca? Beck! bot. p. 164.
of ou um-
mond! f.In swamps, Fairhaven, Vermont, Dr. Robbins! Beck! Prof.
Tully ! yo County, New York, Dr. Sartwell ! Near Pontiac, Michi-
illia a
ing the odor of
officinalis. Plant 10-24 ha es high. Divisions of the cauline leaves 5-11,
varying from om oblong-ovate to linear-lanceolate, os acute. rns short,
obconical, gibbous at the base, rose-co -color.—-The flowers of the northern plant
?
(var. a.) are no lar arger than those of V. of fe rope (to which Hooker
thinks the species is probably too nearly allied); but the pede sine the
RE States, besides the differences already indicated, has
! rs: the cyme, at first glomerate, is at length open and Mime pan-
ee The fruit of the northern plant is unknown to us; in that of the
ited States it is glabrous, narrowly oblong-ovate, 3-nerved on one |
and on $ in the com C
48 VALERIANACESR. ^ VALERIANA.
pauciflora (Michx.) : glabrous ; ; stem simple, slender, often decum- 1
UA i Abe 1 base and surculose; radical leaves on slender petioles, ovate,
cordate, acuminate, crenate-t toothed: sometimes ternately divided, wit |
ihe lateral divisions small; cauline leaves pinnately 3-7-divided ; the
divisions ovate or oblong-ovate, often petiolulate, acute or acuminate, mostly
serrate; cymules few-flowered, paniculate; tube of the corolla long and
slender, with a minute gibbosity at the base; fruit elliptical, flat, minutely
pubescent along the middle, marked on one side with " 4 and appre roximate,
other with 3 distant nerves.— Michz. ! fl. 1. p. 18; Nutt.! gen. l. p.
20; DC. d 4. p. 638.
Along the Alleghany eg oam from Virginia! to Tennessee! and in
the Western States! June-July.—Stem 1-3 feet high. Leaves thin and
membranaceous. Corolla pers pink, 8 lines to near an inch in length.
4. V. capitata ( Willd.) : anero, or pubescent at the nodes of the erect
ampie stem; radical and lower cauline leąves on slender petioles, ses
mple ~ ovate or broadly oval, Soblise or pinnately 3-5-divided ; the di-
Vis bro adly o iis Foume io ed, repan ii roe or often entire, the
terminal one larges e upper cauline leaves somewhat sessile, undivided
= often piii d: the ditione (or codem oblong or ovate-oblong,
mostly ac rrate-toothed or entire; cyme glomerate or often capitate;
bracts filiform linear, elongated ; corolla a opens. c on one side, at first short ;
He tube at length elongated; fruit ovate-oblong, ompressed, Meu omes
S ' rved on one side, 1-nerv d on the Aaa illd. o
ult. mant. 1. p. 257 (under V. sis mbriifolia, byat a pica e error us
Chain. & Schlecht in Linnea, 3 Pl i2 s e Dr 1. 627 i k. §
Arn. bot. Beechey, p.125; Hoo E f ate sip 999.
B. Hookeri EM larger cyme more or je ex para —V. pauciflora,
Hook.! l c. t. 101, of Michx. V. Hoo i V. Sitchensis,
Bongard, in mem. i St. Petersb. (ser. 6) 2.
"Kotzebue's Sound, Chamisso eec las y D» oe weg 8 e y
ena Sound, Eschscholtz! Arcti ast, Dr. Richardson !
and islands of the Oregon, Dousias; Dr. Scouler! Woods fn ud po
Mountains about lat. 569, teque d ant 1-3 feet high. Leaves or
segments one to nearly 3 inches long, mbranaceous, veiny, obtuse Or
ese E at each end. cde. slightly hairy. Corolla whitish or
at first about the length of the bracts, in size equal to those
of fl the mee allied V. tripteris of Eu bous about to the same degree
bitoni m
and in the same manner; but the tube at length elongates an
slender, and the gibbosity nearly Poil the fully developed denm
not
a
d
E]
Em
n
lou]
>
Bm
®©
—
&
88
Zoe
~
e
—--
si
Ru
T
fa
io)
5°
o
mM
ig
€
p”
©
LES
v
. never seen them cordate, nor does Hooker i fopbtvonet tthem thus. Our speci-
konkreta Eschscholtz, as well as one from Kotzebue’s Sound ga-
thered in eechey’s Voyage and given to us by Dr. Arnot t mii
well be : rir ite? to the var. 8., which we are pestes is only a aci lux
ant state of the northern plant. It is also a nati d ae
Judging from the description, we should hav v colored the v. nobel
Bongar / without hesitation, to our var. 3.; but it is said to differ dl "m
apitata, * as well in the form of the leaves uir its heen habit.” The
of the em o is also said to have a stronger odor than that of V. offii-
nalis, and mployed medicinally Ny the Dae of the island
* * * Stem erect: root fusiform, fleshy : leaves somewhat fleshy. -
5. V. edulis (Nutt. mss.): stem very glabrous; leaves all somewhat
fleshy, pu petioled; the radical ones linear-lanceolate, entire, or 1-2-
* _pinpatoly partod, with tbe les Mainin: the cauline deeply pinnatifid,
VALERIANA. | VALERIAN ACER. 49
with linear segments; panicle elongated; the. peduncles ternately verticil-
late; flowers white (Hook.) ; “ fruit ovate, compressed, pubescent ; the limb
of the c calyx at length evolved ina pred ds i about 15 setze." Nutt.—
atrinia ceratophylla,
Interior of Oregon from Wallawaltah A Pikeule dee to the bod
the Rocky Mountains, Dougla ultall.—** Stem ab ut a foot, the
plains of the Rock Ky ountains me 3-4 inches high. Flowers CL Sim.
in paniculated clusters. Leaves thin and membranaceo a Fruit one-
cole d. m This is one of the numerous plants, kde roots of which fur
food t ihe aborigines of the country. The thick and ‘fusiform black
wa although bitter and appa Pep: pernicious, w when beide n heated stones
or steamed under r ground is converted into a pulpy mass, sweet and rather
agree cab ii to p taste, ere bag AS nhs aie Mars Nutt.—The following
is Sram an allied spec
V. cilia very s abrous, striate, simple; leaves somewhat
fishy, bred; ibbsely ciliate; the radical ones entire, Wwe
tapering into a slender shea thing base; some of them often pinnately 5-7-
eo w (1 Is
sessile, pinnately 3-9-parted ; the segments line owers in an elongated
e
limb of the calyx at length evolved in a inde crown of about 12 enn
ted setze.— V. n. sp., scere cat. Ohio plants. Patrinia longifolia, Mac-
Nab, ie Edinb. EL. jour. :
amps a t allu vial prairies, “near Springfield, Ohio, Mr. Wil-
use Mr. Sullivant ! / Urbana, Ohio, Mr. Samples! Milwaukie” Camy,
Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! On the Maitland River, near Goderich, U ppe
Canada, Mr. J. Macnab (1834). June.—Root fusiform, often 6 to 12 inches
long, resembling that of the carrot in color and appearance, except that it is
inclined to become horizontal and branched below, bitter and somewhat aro»
matie to the taste, mucilaginous - (Mr. Samples, Mr. pouting x — 1-3
r even 4 feet high in fruit, sometimes leafless. s dark green; the
radical ones 4 to 9 inches long; clustered ; the veins Pn arie but
reticulated. Panicle at length elongated to ge or more; the primary
ranches rather remote, elongated; the flowers, as usual in the genus, at
rst glomerate, but loose in fruit—The Patrinia longifolia of MacNab was
doubtless founded upon a small and immature re interesting
p x» Eg name is pre-occupied in Valeri
3 f Doubtful Species.
ep (Phyllactis) obovata (Natt.) : stemless; root fusiform ; leaves radia-
g Eo og Tb, irsute-pilose. Bu ee 1. p. 21 (under Phyl-
las Schu ép. > DC.
4. p:
are hills rhe is Arikaree village, Up pper Missouri —The expanded
iboen, fruit &c., unknown. Nuttall.—A very doubtful p
3 PLECTRITIS. € nd reg. t. 1095 (§ of Valerianella); Dc.
mem. r. & prodr. 4. p. 631.
Limb of the calyx truncate, entire, almost none. Tube of the corolla gib-
bous anteriorly, spurred at the base ; the p PNS more or less Mise
Stamens 3. Stigma capitate. Fruit
.; the two empty ones open from top to bottom! each DT
involute wing.—Annual glabrous herbs (natives of Me es
YOL.IL.-7
T
F
*
dite 2,
-— its free porti
50 > VALERIANACE JE. PLECTRITIS. 2
with the habit of Fedia; the stem simple or sparingly branched. Leaves
entire, oblong or obovate-spatulate, sessile. Flowers rose-color, aggregated .
in verticillate glomerules, or capitate. Bracts subulate, verticillate and in-
volucellate, united at the base.
que
The flowers are, we believe, all perfect and similar; not pea? Hang as stated by
De Candolle: the bracts are not multifid, but crowded and verticillate
. P. congesta (DC.) : corolla manifestly page Ses spur (or rather its
‘Bin portio n) sm mall, much shorter cem the tube; flowers in an oval or oblong
' head, or often i in Vortcillate — mate or rather peters glomerules.—
DC. ! 1. ¢.; Hook.! fl. Bor Di p. 991. P. congesta & P. capitata,
Nutt. mss. Valerianella ongesta, Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1 V. parvi
flora, Dougl. ined. (var. with smaller flowers and narrower leaves, He
Banks of streams and moist umo along the Oregon, from the sea- -shore ,
the er bane. Douglas! Dr. ee Nuttall, Mr. Tolmie! May-Jun
—Plant from 4 inches to 2 feet hi gh. Corolla usually 3 or 4 lines L^
Ovary eredi with short thick hairs, but m ostly glabrous when m
ied along the face where it is shielded by the incurved wings. .
P. macrocera: Jim mb of the corolla almost nr, small; the spur (or
) thick, longer than the tube; stem s ender; flowers
ate.—P. mecum B. Hoo k. eite f a ud suppl. p. 349, excl.
—
3. FEDIA. Mench; Gertn. fr. t. 86 (ends pe J3 EA Woods, in Linn.
trans. 17. p. 421,
* Fedia & Valerianella, Mench, DC. x
Limb of the calyx toothed and persistent, or obsolete. Tube of the corolla
(sometimes gibbous) not spurred ; the limb 5-lobed, sese or slightly irregu-
- Stamens 2or 3. Stigma entire, or 2-3-lobed. Fruit 3-celled ; two of
the cells empty (sometimes confluent into one), the c 1- seeded. bd
nearly glabrous herbs, more or less dichotomous a Leaves oblong OF
linear, sessile, entire, or often toothed or incised near ted base. Flowers in T
glomerate or crowded cymules, white, rose-color, or purple. Bracts opposite, ;
or somewhat involucellate.— Corn-Salad.
PR.
Our first section is almost exactly intermediate between Fedia and Valerianella :
hand De Cend y iate een aan eri
wow : e Pee = ; having the corolla of the former, with the fruit, stamens
$1. Tube of the corolla long and slender ; the limb slightly irregular: sta-
mens 3: stigma 3-cleft: fruit flattened fore and aft, with a somewhat cre-
ped. transverse section ; the empty cells membranaceous, inflated,
separated and diverging, larger than the fertile cell. —S1pHONELLA.
> RW
*
FEDIA. VALERIANACEÆ. EX.
1. F lon longiflora: tube e the corolla filiform, many times longer than nh
limb or cede ovary; fruit with a nearly piae outline, nearly gla
ae area at ^» summit; the teeth which crown the empty prs
obse a ved; flowers in rekiste cymules; bracts lanceolate,
glaudularly Gribrisilitetrolate i ; lower eei rr E the upper
linear-oblong, entire.—Pectritis longiflora
Plains of Arkansas, Nuttall /—Plant fabros x inches high; the stem
several times dichotomous above an inch .
about an inch long; the (porplish) filiform ges pem t all gibbous,
abruptly dilated at the summit into a very small slightly rigent o
limb. Stamens and style exserted. Empty cells of the fruit separa
top to eem almost lateral, much larger than the somewhat cartil >
fertile ce
ae e tube of the corolla slender, twice or thrice the length of
the ‘limb, furnished with a small callous gibbosity above the middle ; fruit
a Very: lab l t
summit; flowers in capitate cymules; bracts ovate-lanceolate, glandularly
rrulate ; leaves entire, s wa agi vate-spatulate ; ; the uppermost oblong.—
Plectritis spathulata, Nutt. /
Plains of Arkansas, with the gen (which it resembles,) T —
Tube of is (white) she shorter, end the limb la rger in pro proporti Fruit
very similar to = ed immature in the specimen, fattened, concavo-
convex or lunulat
§ 2. Corolla rg a short tube and a regular limb: stamens 3: ae 3-cleft
or entire: empty cells of the fruit membranaceous and. inflated, or sometimes
nerviform.—V ALERIANELLA, Mcenc h, DC
* Fruit with a gibbous corky or spongy mass at the back of the fertile cell; the empty
cells large, sometimes confluent.—Locuste, DC.
. F. olitoria (Vahl.): fruit compressed, ie, at a= broader than
kang glabrous ; the calyx teeth obscure or none; the partition between the
. empty cells often imperfect; € "— petiole flowers pale blue.—
Vahl, enum. 1. p. 19 ; J. Woods, in Linn. 22-17 9490 CBE T Ur)
F. cerulea, Atkin! i n Eaton n. bot., d ree . F. radiat
Bart. compend. ? Valeria ana locus a. olitoria V. olitoria, Willd.
= l. p. 182. ex olitoria, M meth, PA 493 ; * Du
iata, WC. l. c;
"uei i rhombi-
aler. p. 56, t. prodr.
pig E - fl. ’ Cest. P. 11 (ebien d not F, Aa ve didt "ao
carpa,
Fields, Moylan d and ‘Virginia, Dr. Aikin! New Orlea
| H J
ase, radiata,
in small pre Stigma o cations lobes.
Transverse secti Si fruit 'llipical; the spongy ian often nearly as
large as the pine od
* 3 Fruit triquetrous, not grooved between the (at length 7. ?) empty cells, which
Jorm the anterior angle, and are much smaller than the fertile one; the latter not
Ticked a£ the back.— rigonocele.
4. F. Fagopyrum : fruit triangular, with an ovate i EE
when mature, obsol etely 2-3-toothed at the apex — ee
the anterior somewhat obtuse ; upper leaves bad -—- riae acute ;
Ait.
GR.
52 "VALERIANACEJE Fena. €
flowers white.—F. radiata, Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 35, chiefly, not of Michx: Val-
erianella Mr, Beck, bot. p. 164, partly. T.
. Swampy shady grounds, Western part of the State of New York! to-
higan! - apparently in Ohio and Kentucky. May. —Stem 6-18
inche es high, dichot tomous above, menthe labrous. Leaves an : een or an
€ bat Sra ien mature, in shape resembling a grain of buck-
empty cells taken together roundish, membranaceous, with the anterior
groove wg minute or none ; the dissepiment dee and —Q wee dis-
h
arger leaves, all obtuse, inclined to be ciliate, and the upper often tooth
the base: they will doubtless prove to belong to this species.
* * * Fruit not thickened or corky at the back of the fertile cell; the transverse section
somewhat orbicular or crescent-shaped : empty cells as large as or larger than the fere ——
- tile one, either contiguous or separated. —Platycele & Selenocele, DC. 1
TEP radiata (1 (Michx.) : fruit ovoid, pubescent, obtusely and unequally 1
somewhat des aed, slightly 1-toothed at the summit; the empty cells con- —
tiguous, arather deep groove between thegi rather ues than
the CT fertile cell; Fels s leaves often toothed ; flowers white.—/Michz. !
Ji. 1. p. Vahl. en Er kcu v -- l. p. 49. Valeriana locusta €
a En. des 3 v. Walt. Car. p. 66. V. radiata, ——
Willd. T en ? LOT Wale RP AASS Dips l. c.? (ex syn.), not of DC. "
B.? : fruit o cies glabrous, the fertile cell rather narrow? ———
uc . lic i
synonym of iB — be reed: the character —— albis’ ——
applies best to F. ra. : of |
ed — a ture
it a distinct spec;
E hein, ‘at bglobose-i psi brous, slightly 1
Tief ae i (chinos inflate a ise very Ee
- ing, much eres their — omits D nearly orbicular, much larger
_— cell, which is narrowly oblong and flattened on the back;
1 GEESE ho) EE ees
*e
w
mo
ea
sa d
Feia. ; VALERIANACEÆ. J.B
upper leaves usually incisely toothed; bracts oval- E acute, not
“Texas, * between Bejar and Austin, Berlandier, " DC. (under Valerian-
. ella pumila), Drummond !—Habit of F. radiata. Leaves dra slightly -i z
all cltinio: Flo venis « small glomerate cymules. Bracts without scari
gins. Corolla e m small and short. Stigma with 3 short lobes. Cells
** Observations on the species of Fedia - published in the seventeenth volume
of the Transactions x the Linnæan Society), has thrown otii light upon
the — rn spec
; i Doubtful Species.
"E si gren tese Zo dichotomous ; leaves ovate, acute, toothed
"s the naked, divaricate-dichotomous; filaments long.
Pursh,
Jt. 2 Sp 72
Virginia, Herb. Sherard. Lo About a span high; flowers the size of
Valeriana officinalis. Pur.
Orver LXXV. DIPSACEZ. Vaill.; Dc.
Tube of the calyx adherent to the ovary, or sometimes free except -
at the summit; the limb various, sometimes forming a hairy or plu-
mose pappus. Corolla tubular; the limb 5-cleft, or 4-cleft by the
union of the two superior lobes; the inferior lobe larger and overlap-
ping the others in estivation. Stamens 4, inserted into the corolla
towards its base (the posterior one suppressed), distinct, or rarely with
_ the filaments united in pairs: anthers introrse: pollen tetrahzedal.
Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule: style filiform: stigma
simple or 2-lobed. Fruit membranaceous or acheniform, indehiscent, _
crowned with the limb of the calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed anatro- : í
pous, with a very thin testa which often coheres with the pericarp.
Embryo nearly the length of the fleshy albumen.—Herbs o or suffrutes-
cent plants (none of them natives of America); with e opposite or
- verticillate sessile leaves, without stipules. Flowers aggregated in a
dense involucrate head upon a common receptacle (rarely in dense
whorls), each usually subtended by a chaff-like bract, and surrounded i
at the base by a very short closely appressed e inyolacel;
the corolla of the exterior flowers often ra
1. DIRSACUS: d m ; Gertn. fr. t. edd Coult. Dips. p. 91,
in DC. prodr. 4. p
Flowers capitate ; the Bae pete =. than the somewhat .
foliaceous acuminate chaff of the receptacle. Involucel 4-sided, closely
1
4
54 DIPSACER. i Dirsacus. .
investing the ovary and fruit. Tube of the calyx coherent with the ovary; ——
the limb cup-shaped or discoid. Limb of the corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. — $
Stigma longitudinal.—Biennial erect stout herbs (natives of Europe and d
Middle Asia), hairy or prickly. Leaves opposite, often connate at the base,
undivided or laciniate. Heads large, oblong or roundish; the expansion of ..
the flowers commencing about the middle and proceeding in opposite direc- m
tions! Corolla pale purple, yellowish, or whitish. z
1. D. sylvestris (Mill.) : stem, with the midrib of the leaves xe involucre,
prickly, angled ; pet Janceolate-oblong, crenate-toothed ; uppermost |
lanceolate, mostly entire; leaves of the involucre long and pt pungent,
curved upwards, ng than the oblon ng head ; chaff of the receptacle taper-
ing into a long setaceous flexible awn-like appendage, v Hes a straight point.—
Mull. dict. no. 2 ; MA f Austr. t. 402 ro Dan. t. 965 ; Engl. bot. t.
1032; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 96; Torr.! fl. 1 164 ; L Darling. ! fl. Cest.
P-
Fields cur road-sides, not uncommon in the Northern and Middle States;
naturalize d. July-Aug. — Corolla pale purple, pubescent.— Wild Tease. ~
D. Fullonum, the F'uller's Teasel, is sometimes cultivated, but it has never become
naturalized in this CUT
. pe COMPOSITJE. VailL; Linn.; Adans.
Synanthere, Rich.—Syngenesia, Linn. sex, syst.—Compositiflore, Garin.
_ Flowers collected into a dense head (compound flower of the older
authors) upon ‘a common receptacle, surrounded by an involucre.
Tube of the calyx coherent with the ovary and undistinguishable from .
it; the limb (called pappus) composed of bristles or scales, &c., or —
. very rarely foliaceous, often wanting or reduced to a margin. Corolla
=- composed of mostly 5 united petals; either ligulate or tubular, in the `
. latter case with a valvate æstivation ; the tube generally furnished
with 5 nerves (or more properly 10 united in pairs) which extend
from the base to the sinuses, where they divide, a branch coursing -
along or near each margin to the apex of the lobes. Stamens aS
many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them: the fila- —
ments (distinct or united above) inserted into the tube: anthers linear
coherent by their margins into a cylinder (syngenesious). Ovary l-
celled, containing a single erect anatropous ov vule: style (usually
undivided in the sterile flowers) 2-cleft ; the lobes or branches (incor-
rectly called stigmas) various in form, mostly flattish within, often
furnished with collecting hairs; the proper stigmas occupying their
inner margins, in the form of glandular slightly prominent lines.
ruit an indehiscent id l.seeded pericarp (achenium), crowned with
5e
COMPOSITE. a
the limb of the calyx or pappus. Seed destitute of albumen. Radicle
short: cotyledons flat or plano-convex.—Herbs, rarely shrubs or trees
(forming about tenth of phanerogamous vegetation) ; with alternate
= or opposite sometimes divided or lobed exstipulate leaves. Branches
= often corymbose, terminated by the heads, the central ones earliest
developed. Flowers in each head expanding successively from the
margin (or lower portion) to the centre or apex, either all of the same
color (homochromous), or the marginal ones different from those of the —
disk (heterochromous), the latter in this case almost always yellow; —
either perfect, polygamous, or diclinous. €
he cler to this order, or emplo yed in a partic cular |
sense, The head e me eens oy by caer ent author: s the presen Anthodium,
or Cephalanthium ; the involucre has received the nam yz, Pericli-
nium, $-c.; and the receptacle has been bd the Phoronikiuim n, Clinanihium, or |
Rachis: we Mn employed none of these terms. The head is said to be oga- =
flowers are perfect; or Aeter ous, when
pistillate or neutral, and the others perfect or staminate: it
the corolla is tubular throughout ; lig , when all the corollas are
When the ma ju ones only are ligulate and the others tubul
when the corollas are all bilabiate : are monacious,
flowe py. x same he ocephalous, when they
heads upon the same individual ; die sedi when in separate
dividuals. The ment leaves "of the inv volucre are a
which is the axis of a contracted or depressed ee
termed rachis, by Lessing), is said to ace Mora when sra he flowers
are subtended by chaffy scales (bracteoles, Desio, ick riot
of the involucre; semipa s, wh ly furnished with m sc ies,
epaleaceous
1s surrounded at the base with a very short scaly ring or involucel, so as to S
an appearance like honey-comb when the achenia are removed; j ph
has
A ly more or less prolonged at the summit into a mem ranous ap-
pesdese (appendiculate) ; and sometimes each lobe or cell bears a subulate or seti-
n i caudate. ‘The achenia
of this vast family, we introduce a synopsis of its leading ivisions ; and give, at
commencement of each tribe, a conspectus of its subdivisions and ge so
of No meric: is the )
sary, since the student m. may at first meet with some difficulty in the application of the
leading technic al characters of the tribes, derived from the form of the styles and
E
CONSPECTUS OF THE TRIBES. 3 di
Suzorper I. TUBULIFLORJE —Corolla of the perfect flowers tubular, and -
(rarely 3-4-) toothed or lobed.
Tribe I. Vernontacez. ae of the perfect flowers c mie —
_ usually elongated and subulate, hispid the stigmatic lines not
a extending beyond theif middle.
ribe II. EvPATORIACEE. the perfect flowers cylin s; the branches
elongated, obtuse or = ari externally a one or papas to towards. the
summit ; the sipnodit Rt lines obscure, termina middle. "uem s =
f -
55 COMPOSITE. -
linear, e Vrae flattish, and ee cae and e
Tribe III. AsrERorpgz. Style of the perfect flowers er: te branch
5 equall
b
exterior sti ,
Tribe IV. Se ENECIONIDEE. St UM f the scil flowers cylindraceous; the
branches linear, truncate at the Ac S pu or often e ced-
*
Tribe V s EX. St a f the perfect flowers nodose- reu and o
peniilue at the amait: the stigmatic lines not prominent, reaching to ve
confluent at the summit of the externally puberulent epp +f 5 Fi 3
+443 SUBORDER IL LABIA TIFLORJE.——Corolla of the perfect flowers bilabiate. í
1 1
"Tribe VI. ACE. Style of the ge flowers cylindraceous or som mewhat E
E^ nodose above; the b ahoi obtuse or fade externally wr convex and :
(oe minutely sett Be above. 4&6 J
ie. me hé Nassavviace®. Style of the perfect flowers not nodose-thickened —
Es ove; the bran ranches linear, rather long, truncate, penicillate at the summit-4 G4
yey Suporver III. LIGULIFLORA.—Flowers all perfect and pe
Tribe VIII. Cicnoracem. Style c cylindraceous above; the br hes rather
long and obtuse, equally pubescent ; ; the stigmatic lines ternitlinting below
a their middle.—Plants with is ics xy id
E Ep- Ao Mn
Susorper I. TUBULIFLORJE. DC.
Veces LES no AU IP EEN
Corolla of the perfect flowers tubular, and regularly 5. (rarely M |
toothed or lobed. Pollen globose, echinulate, or (in Cynaree) rarely
smooth and ellip tical.
= .. Temel VERNONIACEE. Less.
Heads discord” ‘with the flowers all tubular and perfect ( omo)
c mous), or rarely radiate ; ka ray flowers ligulate and pistillate.
— . Tolla occasionally palmate or obscur urely bilabiate. Style cylir
T above; the branches iobdate he d elongated (rarely short A
equally Se; = M ines terminating below
middle, not conflue
ec CONSPECTUS OF THE Lee 3
k e ES Subtribe 1. VERNoNUE.— Heads discoid, homogamous.
T 1. Vernonia. Heads several-many-flowered. - "Páppus Sf baise ii
s Pigs. Heads many-flowered, Pappus of 4-5 long bristly deciduous Men i
several persistent chaffy die. ered, aggregated in ag erules. Pappus |
wu Subtribe 2, PEcriDEX.—Heads radiate, bue dins
2 - 4
4. Kanrmisoa, Corolla of the disk regular. Leaves klandices. :
if Tiporsis. Corolla regular. Leaves punctate. Pappus ;
. € Pectis. C of the disk obscurely punctate with glands. —
deii.
D &.
a ous T o
= "T ea X
VERNONIA. e LO te: 57
Subtribe 1. yaaah, Cass. — Heads discoid ; the flowers all perfect.
Branches of the style elongated or acuminate.—Leaves mostly alternate.
Flowers of the ED series, viž., white, blue, purple, or red, but wo
yellow.
1. iino Schreb. gen. p. 541 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 15. ~
Heads several-many-flowered ; the flowers all equal and tubular. Invo-
lucre imbricate, shorter than the flowers; the inner scales longest. Recepta-
cle commonly naked. Corolla regular; the lobes about the length of the
be. Filaments smooth. Achenia mostly striate or ribbed, with a cartila-
ginous callus at the base. Pappus usually double ; 3 the interior of copious x. ^
capillary bristles ; ; the exterior mostly short. or minute, often. imewhagg
squamellate or chaffy.—Mostly perennial herbs or shrubby plants (chiefly 2
tropical), with usually alternate leaves, and various inflorescence, in the
North American species cory mbose-cy mose. E ges rose-color,
or white. S> i
c» —.* Cauline ledies very r. A odas
£0, a hx.): stem slender, simple, nearly naked iow H
leaves ei eo stone 5 bescent on the a bebai; the radical —
es oval or ohevateohong ded te-serrate, narrowed at the base ; the cau-
line maller, Psp ern: hie ves heads few, in pan
- late or , 0- i involucre campanulate, moak
shorter an the mature pre ate the eyi with spreading acuminate tips,
EEE e ciliate; acheni -ribbed, nearly glabrous ‘when mature.—
M ichz. ! 0:9. p. 94 ; Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 134; Ell. sk. 9. p. 286; Less. in Lin-
mea, 6. p. 677 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 62. — cibi Walt. Car. p.
le
pine barrens, N. Carolina! to Florida! Ju ne-July.— 21 Stem
E feet igi, a little hairy; the root stoloniferous seco to “Eliott. Ex-
' involucre loose, subulate, sometimes as long as the inner. __
ES xc Stem leafy : cymes corymbose a old :
-PE acensis (Willd.) : stem striate, slightly pubescent; leaves lan- ~—_
ceolate eo cepa lanceolate, sh arply. serrate , acute at ea ch -— — e
Opened; d rs slightly scabrous above; cyme e fastigiate; heads nume- =-
0-flowered; involucre hemispherical-campanulate, sortes. pu 4^
the men s the scales si r , ovate, lv produced into a subulate or <
filiform flexuous appendage ; several of the > eee subulate, loose. and due
abrous or
aee ene cs
1 . 392, Ce d gue
sca IST ipe voluere 2 te or acuminate, some of them usually with
i gi pee or filiform points. —V. prealta, Willd.* L c. (not of DC.) Serra-
tula prealta & glauca, — i+
* y. Stem, Cym = , and lower EN er the leaves tomentose ; rra
long filiform poinis.—V. ibid tosa, Ell. sk. 2. p. 288. Chrysocoma tomen-
tosa, Walt. Car. p. 1 ‘3
5 ae,
- ARE : dust.
x* a si Ru " AO ^
w ie » i =e WEE S
É ; r e : =
ps E k- AON D /
58 COMPOSITE. Ve
Wet m pneny throughout the United States, pecY near the coast
and along ri July-Aug.—2( Stem 3-6 feet high. Scales of the invo-
lucre fee nish- purple, mostly ciliate MES Aibwelk like deg Corolla deep
purple, rarely pale or pink-color.—Jron-weed. -
E E ~~ CA stem and lanceolate serrulate leaves tomentose-
Sec in ann. lye. New York, 2. p.:SIL ¥. kn " Nutt. ! in
trans. Amer. are soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 28$. (ined.)
On the Missouri, pcdes / Arkansas, Nuttall/—2{ Pla me Te-
- spects intermediate between V. Noveboracensis and V. fascia teta: ay ae
bably distinct from both ; “she heads em smaller than in the forme
em somewhat petioled ; cyme fastigiate; the heads numerous, s, approx-
imate or crowded, 15-30-flowered ; involucre hemispheric al-cam panulate,
much shorter than the pappus; the scaleseall clo osely appressed, ciliate; the
outermost much shorter, acute cronulate; the ot obtuse, not mucro-
nate; achenia glabrous when Doy zs almost the length of the pappus-—= -
4 Michz.! fl. 9. p. 94. (not of DC.) V. alüssima, Less. in Linnea, We
639. -V. prealta, DC.! l.c ° (chiefiy „excl. syn. Dill. Elth. ?) ; not of Linn.!
$ aped gigantea, Walt.? . corymbosa, Schweinitz.! in Long's
na
y. lower surface of the leaves often puberulent ; ; ‘heads coal,
^e scales of the involucre sometimes rather acute or mucronulate. i
sima, JVutt.! gen. 2. PE. sk. 2
ð. near wes glabrous ; es rather A the scales greenish ; flowers
MEDY W
4 T cky, Dr. Short! Ju cwn ug.—2[ Stem tall (6219 feet, Nutt.) a d
stout. "G me usually dead and fastiginaal or sometimes loose and Ne |
Flowers (except in var. 9. ) bright purple. ` Pappus either pale or purple
hes long.
5. F.
leaves oper uin) narrowly lanceolate, elongated, sessile, glab
: stem nearly glabrous, striate, corym mbose 3 aN the Lo
1
ntire, both sides puncticulate ; cyme corymbose-fastigiate ; [wn about 40) | E
15-20-flowered, rather large ; involucre € oblong-campanulate or turbinates
E
E
e
, acuminate or
On the Arkansas? Dr. dude Da e im »nsistit
y of a branch but cre abana note differ X
heads are half an inch in
specie: length, m l
pa ng usual; 1; the sealee bordered with an arachnoid hs ad many 5
species,
greenish, reddish tips.
eens Bar 7 ee E ae monis or pedicel
Be E
is mibi
S Mt rnm iu
acute at the shorter than the p il ges all ed ice lance — :
M»: ac a gla
en lab:
shorter than the pappus; the exterior "chal p indistinct —V. al-
tissima ? B- marginat ata, Torr. ! ER very 7
uu €
ry p
_ Hale! Texas, Drummond!
VERNONIA. COMPOSITE. 59
V. aputila. icn, i qm Sender simple or branched, hairy be-
ia leaves n so, linear or E m
often Milbscent espeelllly on "e "inidrib beneath ; wer remotely serr
pei $ ras EU with revolute margins, seers Re edited ; cyme Sihhi
mbelliform, Shen simple ; heads 15-25-flowered ; involucre
pellen n diei than the pappus ; the scales ovate or lanceolate, the
exterior mostly loose and bracteolate, either mucronate or furnished with sub-
ulate or filiform hones achenia Partis hispid on the ribs, much shorter
= the pappus.—Michr.! fl. 2
upper Fleas slender, very Siew linear, entire, glabrous or scabrous
(evades of the involucre either appendiculate or merely mucronate).—V.
angustifolia, Ell. sk. 2. 287 ; ‘Less. l. DC. p.
fasciculata, ^L r he. Oxy not of Miche. Chrysocoma graminifolia, Walt.
. B. leaves ‘ladiesolate or linear, short, scabrous, especially above; the lower
ones sertulatet ‘scales of the i in nvolucre mostly More Bi — V. scaberri- -
ma, Null. ! gen.9. p. 134 ; Ell. l. c. l. c.; DC
y. leaves lanceolate or ca Hl oe iadi cee «cit rous
the lower r ones remotely serrulate; cymes often compound; scales of t e in-
volucre nearly inappendiculate.
ine s, N. Ca rolina ! Zr Ae lorida! (a. & 8.) y. Louisiana, Dr.
Jun —2[ Stem 1-3 feet thigh. Cyme
bearing 5-many — heads, a ample or compound, loose. Scales of ©
the involucre few. Pappus white or pu rplish. EON bright purple. er
Achenia often „glandular. — The lower leaves of the most narrow-leaved ie :
are veiny, as in the other "ml while the upper ones being very narro
are only Ol nerved- The original specimens of both V. angustifolia,
Michx., and - scaberrima, Nutt., belong, if we mistake not, to precisely t
me form of this up No reliance can be placed upon the appendages
of the involucral scales
es
ovalifolia : stem simple, pubescent below, ur rers the sum- —
-0
es i h T
the pue and g those of V. angusiiioliay: ak :
uch rese
mostly larger. Acksiün. sida: eni se ribs: pappus purplish.
8. - leo oue (DC.): nearly glabrous; stem stou le,
leaves lanceolate dirán, acute at each end, obscu urely veined,
with sp ess "i rrose subulate tips; achenia
» puberule t and migsiely glandular, nearly the length of -
the pappus.— DC. p p. 964. es
€ s. Nuti ! Dr. 7 Hitcher icher !—The plant of De Candalls (which was
the Gene: — fe seeds collected in A
fap pears to be with ours. But he does not mention the size of
the s, which in our E hae in fruit are aeui e nch in diameter,
and then depressed-globose ; and the pedicels arg feudis thickened at
the summit. copious.
Corolla violet-purple. - Exterior pappus short, but
B
ser- 0
y above; heads 6-10, in a simple umbelliform _
m e, subelobose, 50-60- involucre
-—— — COMPOSITE. - o Srokrss -
2. STOKESIA. I Her. sert. Angl. p. ory DC. in ann. mus. Pi 16. P :
154, & prodr. 5. p. 71; Cass. dict. 51. p. 64. T
Heads many-flowered ; the exterior flowers much larger and EC
form ofa ray. Involucre subglobose, bracteate at the base, imbricated in |
several series, appressed; the exterior scales with a somewhat spreading fo-
liaceous ciliate-spinulose appendage ; the inner oblong, somewhat. ciliate.
Receptacle fleshy, naked. Corolla palmate, sprinkled with resinous glo-
bules; the marginal ones much deeper cleft within. Anthers- included.
Branches of the style semi-subulate. Achenia short, 4-sided (rarely 3-sided),
glabrous, terminated with a broad quadrangular areola. Pappus o
elongated rather rigid awn-like (white) chaffy scales, deciduous.—An ere
somewhat branching perenuial herb; with a tomentose stem, and large he
resembling a Carthamus or Centaurea, terminating the branches.. Le
alternate, oblong-lanceolate, glabrous or slightly glaucous, minutely glandu-
lar-punctate, entire; the uppermost s sessile and serrate-spinulose near the
somewhat dilated base ; the lower tapering into a margined petiole ; the i in-
. volucrate bracts ae the uppe eavés: Flowers blue, showy-
S. cyanea (L'Her. ! * c.)— Ait. ! d Kew. (ed. 2) 4. p. 491; IDC.! bce a
_ “Carthamus levis, Hill, Kew. 57. t. 5." C. Carolinianus, Miche. ! in herb.
mus. E^ artesia centauroides, Cass. in bull. Rare 1816, p. 198
rolina, * introduced into England by Mr. James Gord
year 176 ” Hort. Kew. ** Geo iugis = Tatnall,” in herb. 3
. "Louisiana, Verve: of the rarest plants of the Unite
— 5 States. ` It is, or rec ve ES. Roca d in Mr. Buist's garden at
delphia. The pla oale by- Drummond is inadvertently called
taurea Americana, in the unt of his United ui collections, in Ct
to bot. mag. 1. p. 48. EE
d
L1 poene Lim. Gartn.
2d t. 165; Endl. gen. p-
SS . Branches of the style Hic ere Achenia
— Sessa wlan co wediera many-ribbed, hairy. Pappus in one or two.
rows of several Tay bristles, dilated at the base.—Erect perennial herbs, .
ith alternate m stly sessile f feather-veined nee Corelle afiolet: purples
ng e se ies; the bristles straight and igini: glomerules ter- 1
‘a nches, somewhat corymbed, involucrate.—E Erernawtoro
(Willd.) : stem hair cait ranched above;
y and scabro E SACRE ones o or obovate-ob- - 4
‘into a margined petiole; the cau uline ob-
4
je
ErrPHANTOPUS. | COMPOSIT E. Co.
long or lanceolate ; the foci ones ovate-oblong, or PE VN (usually
longer than 2 map ee spec. 3. p. 2390 (excl. ema Nutt.! gen.
E p.187; p. 480; Less. in eve 4. p. ; DC. ! prodr. T
2 p.86. T. AE Michz. ! f. 2. p. 148; not of «ud pdt E z syn.
zs
n dry ail Pennsylvania! to Florida! and Louisiana! July-Sept.—
Piae about 9 feet high. Leaves membranaceous ; some of the floral leaves
often oblon eng and longer than the glomerules.
. toméntosus (Linn.) : stem inis nearly poke, rai sparingly
dickooniggh xd corymbose at the su t; leaves villous-tomentose beneath
hirsute-pubescent above ; es radical o ones large, obovate or iia «patente
obtuse, crenate, narrowe e base, sessile ; the floral ones ard ovate
* E = of the invenio rigid.— Linn. ! spec. ed. 1. p. 8 oras
l. syn. Browne ; Pi. Al. 2. p. s jV l. e. p. 390. E.
iini Eu WU 2..p We Poir. suppl. 2 3; Hook. compan. to
pl uim ; DG. ! AE. Caoin pi simplex, Nutt. gen.
-P 187.
S. sc tera to Florida! Alabama! Louin and Arkansas! July-
— Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high, naked, or sometimes with a single leaf below, re- `
^ sembling ie radical ones, = a anah olus leaf at each bifurcation of
the corymb; the floral leaves very broad, about the length of the glomer- ,
Heads
f Itis ips nearly allied to E. scaber than to E.
$ soi ind ‘a Hooker thinks it - identical with the East Indian species. - We
_ know not how it is to be dis i ate ans that species, except by its vic
and usua lly Fie Bn "gren more hairy involucre; and w
have received from heir uq badiak a 1: exactly accords with o
Os. East Indian E. scab
os, E. scaber (Linn.) : stem somewhat dichowon ous or corymbose tone
more or less hirsute 32 conii pubes hairy and scabrous; the
radical ones cun ETE -spat tulate or apnea -erenulate, tapering to the
— ofen 1 e; the caine few and small, lanceolate ; the floral.
3 e, hairy.— Lin c xcl. syn. Gronov nov. &c. (Dill. Elth. t. 106) ;
. Hale nec Blender Se inches.
iuline leaves; the radic es about 6
inches long, an inch or a "little more in width iowardd = ee -S
us and put sent. lomerules small.—The plan pact dy a
wi imens fic "China and the peninsula of India. We make lit-
tle use of Less ing's character derived fict he venation of the floral leaves
and scales of the involucre.
Subtiibe - . Peerizs, Less. m» radiate. - -Br
5
the perfect Leav usually oppo te. wos —
= = series (mostly eT E i | 33 £ ee
Bm. * 1. XANTHISMA. Denit p. 947
ie
~ : Heads Heads many-flow wered; the ray flowers (neutral? or iiti nesk, i
_ those of the disk perfect. Involucre hemispherical ; the scales : imbricated, |
= ay ppressed, coriaceous, nearly oval, very obtuse ‘fimbrillate; | --
the fimbrille lacerate, about the length of the dap ‘Corolla of the ae
K
62 COMPOSITÆ. XANTHISMA. 3
5-cleft, regular ; the lobes erect. Anthers not caudate. Style of the ray
. Short and simple, included within the tubular part of the corolla; that of the
disk 2-cleft at the summit; the branches included, linear, obtuse, slightly
and minutely hispid. Achenia obovate, scarcely angled, pubescent. Pap-
pus composed of elongated unequal acuminate chaff; the outermost rather
shorter and narrower.—An annual or biennial erect glabrous herb, with a
simple stem, loosely branched or corymbose at the summit; the branches
erect and leafy. Cauline leaves alternate, rather rigid (not dotted with
glands nor fringed with bristles), sessile, oblong or linear, 1-nerved, chiefly
entire, sometimes acutely serrate at the summit. Flowers yellow.
X. Teranum (DC. l. c.) whan y
Texas, Berlandier; in woods.—Habit of gage cerinthefolia. Dc- —
This plant is wholly naknoeen to us: it is e rom the southern part
Texas, and scarcely within the limits of this wor
5. PECTIDOPSIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 98.
Heads many-flowered; the flowers of the ray in a single series, ligulate,
pistillate; those of the disk perfect, tubular. Involucre cylindrical-campan-
ulate; the scales about 8, in a single series, somewhat conduplicate. Re-
ceptacle naked. Corolla of the disk 5-toothed, regular. Branches ef the
style semicylindrical, short. Achenia crowned with a very short scarious ——
minutely about 5-toothed and somewhat lacerate pappus.—A very small
. annual herb, with the habit of a nearly glabrous, wires from the $
base. Leaves opposite e, na TO near, punctate with large pellucid gae :
Somewhat connate at the ba. ‘near which the margins are fringed with
few bristles. Heads on short peduncles terminating the branches. F one
yellow ; those of the my 7-8.
NUTUS
jo
— "ips visse (DC-1.6)—Pecis angustifolia, Torr. / in ann. lye. New E
On re fact ky Mountains, i iB about lat. 41°, Dr. James !—Peduncles much
shorter than the leaves. -
6. PECTIS. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Less. in ld 6. p. 708, & syn.
nee p. 153. DC. prodr. 5. p. 98.
Heads several-flowered ; the flowers of the ray in a single series, ligulate, —.—
pistillate; those of the disk perfect, bilabiate. Involucre somewhat a a
drical ; the scales 5-8, in a single series, often involute or conduplicate. p"
. ceptacle na „Corolla of the disk bilabiate, (the two inner sinuses deepe:
_ than the others others) ; those of the ray ligulate, the ligule longer than the tube.
~~. of the = semicylindrical, short. Achenia striate. Pappusof -
y similar, in a single series, chaffy, mostly pointed with ser-
) bristles.— Mostly annual (tropical American) herbs.
ate at the base, I-nerved, punctate with pello
tilaginous, and fringed with scattered b
ta t often sessile. Flowers yellow.
E e M
^: à '* Pectis. COMPOSITE. 63
= 90. Tussinaco.
ers
- P. linifolia Eu ): stem diffusely branched ; leaves gaa one
dnd with lar — ciliate with € towa rds the
teo
ins Y op pec. ed. 2. p. 1250; Lam. ill. t. 684; Less. l. c.; DC. ridi
p.9
ret sma Bennett! Mr. Blodgett!—A native of Jamaica, St.
Trize IL. EUPATORIACER. Less. —
rS
antes caudate.—Flowers mostly of the cyanic series (white, blue, or
urple). Leaves commonly opposite
s i CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA.
Fut Subtribe 1. EvPATORIEX.— Heads discoid, homogamous.
Div. 1. AcERATEX.—Pappus chaffy, aristate-squamellate, ‘or coroniform.
"I. CELESTINA. a —Q or a ae
8. Acerarum. Pappus of 5-10 distinc ristate chaffy scales.
9. ScLEROLEPIS. atte of 5 obtuse corneous scales. Leaves verticillate.
4 Div, 9. ADENOSTYLEE. —Pappus of "mss capillary bristles.
* Achenia striate or ribbed.
10. CanPHEPHORUS. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus barbellate.
1l. Liarris. Rec Scales of the involucre ni striate, Lobes of
the
12. CLAvIGERA.. Res tpi naked. Scales of - involucre po wd striate. Teeth
of t lla dex short. Pappus
13. Kunnia. Re d. Teeth of the ES short. Pappus plumose.
14. BursosTYLis. dh naked. Pappus pee Head flowered.
15. BricKeLsIa. Receptacle naked. Pappus scabrous. He ie mese
* * Achenia Sangle, hot striate. Pappus scabrous. è
16. EvPATORIUM. Receptacle naked, flat. Scales of the involucre numerous.
eon flowers)
17. MIKANIA. Receptacle naked, flat. Scales of the
18. Conociinium. Receptacl cle conical, naked.
19. INNARDOSMIA.,
AET Pe
21. ADENOCAULON. Heads few-flowered, } step: the:
w E. 2 j pa
st * de
64 COMPOSITE. CELESTINA.
Subtribe 1. Evparorrez, DC.—Heads discoid ; the flowers all perfect
similar, usually white, rose-color, or purple (rarely ochroleucous),
never yellow.
Div. 1. AGERATER, Less.—Pappus wee of chaffy often unequal
scales, sometimes aristate or coroniform.
7. Sects cpa” ‘Slee Nee dict. 6. suppl. p. 8, ula p. 927; Less. syn. p
; DC. prodr. 5. p. 107
— c aan Involucre cylindrical- -hemispherical ; the scales
arrow ewhat imbricated. — convex, chaffy or
ae ie seals sat, 5-angled. Pap oniform or cup-like, slight-
l , or sometimes produced into one or two longer teeth or chafly
scales.—Annual kopar American) branching herbs, with terete stems, and
opposite petioled and toothed leaves. Heads in rather dense corymbs, pedi-
cellate. Flowers blue or purple.
§. Receptacle naked.—Ageratoides, DC.
«C. m : stem decumbent, branching, nearly ie —_
Suse ad one slightly fleshy, ovate or oval, serrate, tapering into a
slender Dee tube of the corolla sparsely pubescent with Bae has
pap
inute and coroniform, often with one or two slightly produced teeth,
sometimes. obsole
d fessi: i
A.? maritimum, (from the same locali ity ') as to the folia age, ut not as to
the corolla and sb aden m Ceelestina (at least the ceo Ageratoides)
Ageratum are not sufficiently distinct.
8B. AGERATUM. Linn. ; Gern. fr. t. 165; DO. prodr. 5. p. 108. ^
Hands many-flowered, subglobose. Scales of the involucre numerous,
imbricated, linear, acuminate. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular, dilated
Branches of the style exserted, cylindraceous, rather obtuse.
Achenia S-angled, narrowed at the base, with a rather large callus. Pappus
(of 5-10 distinct chaffy scales, either aristate-acuminate, or obtuse and pecti-
nate-—Mostly annual (tropical) herbs, with opposite EC and toothed — —
leaves, — he ade. Flowers blue or white.
erin: 1 7 ea (Linn): > stem branching; leaves ovate, rhomboid, or
es hispi d, but occasion-
J und,
hones E greatly in r^
AGERATUM. COMPOSITE. 65
ally almost glabrous. In this ise: it has only been detected by Mr. et
s, whose spe ve seem to accord with the variety cedem num (A. Mex
canu m, Bot. mag. t. 2524), except reat the flowers are white
9. SCLEROLEPIS. Cass. dict. 95. p. 365, §v.; Less. syn. p. 136.
Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre linear, equal, in a double
series. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed, gla-
brous. Branches of the style much exserted, somewhat clavate. Achenia
5-angular. Pappus of 5 almost horny short oval and obtuse scales, in a
single series.—A glabrous perennial (aquatic) herb; with simple stems, pro-
cumbent at the base, terminated usually by a single head. Leaves verti-
cillate (5-6 in a whorl), linear, entire, 1-nerved (resembling those of Hip-
puris). Flowers pale purple. |
S. verticillata (Cass. 1. c.)J— D C. ! prodr. 5. p. 114. Sparganophorus
os Michz.! fl. 2. p. 95, t. 42; ded ! gen. 2. p. 139; Ell. sk. 2.
p.3 ZEthulia uniflora, Walt. ‘Car r. p.1
Shallow water in pine barrens, New Jersey (at Quaker Bridge !) to Flori-
da! Joly-Sept— Stem 1-2 feet e a leafy, a little pubescent at the
summit, as also the involucre a form from Florida, ser c
slender enira only about 6 nahe high, a the involucre nearly glabrous.
Div. 2. ApENosty Lex, DC.—Pappus composed of slender hair-like
bristles, either seabrous or plumose, in one or more series.
10. CARPHEPHORUS. Cass. in bull. philom. 1816, § dict. sci. nat. 7.
p- 149; DC. prodr. 5. p. 132. (excl. spec. no. 27)
Species of Liatris, Michz., Nutt., DC.
Heads many- (about 20-) flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated in
series, ovate or lanceolate, appressed. Receptacle T the spec
(subtending the flowers) infivectase or linear, rigid, 3-nerv y short
than the flowers, deciduous with the fruit. Corolla more or less dilated
cluded. Branches of the style exserted, cylindraceous, obtuse. Achenia
terete or somewhat angled, narrowed towards the base, 10-ribbed. Pappus
of numerous (30-40) barbellate (rarely minutely plumose) unequal bristles,
Somewhat in a double or triple series.—Perennial herbs (mostly North Ameri-
can), with the habit of Liatris, from which de chaffy receptacle chiefly dis-
tinguishes it. Root, or caudex, thickened, but not tuberous. Stem simple,
or corymbose at the summit, leafy. Leaves a aaa E rigid, en-
tire (or toothed 7); the cauline ones commonly appre Heads :
cymose, rarely racemose. Flowers purple. ae
This genus was establish Cassini on a spe preserved in the
of Jussieu, with no label or rp itr tion of i country, whence it has not
y been recognized. De Candolle } second species,
VOL. II.-9
E
E
iyt
66 COMPOSITE. CARPHEPHORUS.
on the sen of Liatris Meienlansis of Adams, which is said to have a chaffy
the genus has been thought to be diesem although a third, and doubt
less ee species from Mexico, and subsequent] a fourth from Bra:
origi
uamosa of Nuttall ; in which the chaffy receptacle (first ted out to us by Dr
C J: ped the notice both x Nuttall H examining thi
allied * 4 tin of Liatris, we find that all those with many-flowered heads disposed
i e cymes also e. to the | Bos: which is well ied i in habit.
* Leaves linear-subulate, appressed: heads cymose or racemose.
1. C. Pseudo-Liatris (Cass. l. c.) : stem virgate, simple, tomentose-pu-
bescent; leaves linear- dore carinate, rigid, closely sessile, nearly po
rous, sparsely Pew the radical ones elongated the cauline short, ¥
nu eget closel re c run poA t pubescent; heads few (3-7),
ent; achenia pieni hairy i pappus andern “Liris
oi amosa, Suse ! in jour. acad. Philad. puHook. ! compas.
mag. 1. p. 9
B. heads (1314) memo. Hook. l. c
- mabe ; Dr. Gates! Middle - — Dr. a. za Also
Fek
PE
ae
G,
w
Y,
=
uU
[t]
8
B
HE
ees
et
we
E
aes
^ja
g
<
D s
tá
$
le |
T$
TE
EE
ee
1
* * Leaves plane, lanceolate, spatulate, or oblong : heads napa aue
a . C. ws: stem a pondet above, corymbo t
summit; leaves punctate, m labrous, acute; the es ones
late or Janceolate-spatulate, Fein i into a petiole, somewhat 3-n
"the cauline small, scattered, lanceolate or ovate, sessile, slightly cena
the pit a diae pi octies heads 1-5 on each branch of the loose and spre ead-
2 t eyli
pappus r strongly barbellate.—Liatris tomentosa, Michz. ? fl. 2 p. 3;
Pursh, fl. 2. qe: Curtis ! pl. ieee in Boston, jour. nat. hist. 1. r
127 ; not of L. Waltoni, Ell.! sk. C. l.c. Anon
. uniflora, Walt. Car. obo Eee a Am
i E
of swamps, Virginia e e De en North Carolina, Michau
Mr. Com! Mr. Curiis! acBride! ( Elliott.) ee
em about 2 fe Sft poeta cand simple with 5 or more
heads, but oen often corymbose with the branches elongated and much spreading.
Scales of the involucre imbricated in 4 or 5 series, hoary but often somewhat
€ t scarious m Corolla deep purple. Pa purplish.
Chaff of receptacle an wanting in the centre of the d) d) narrowly
Dun dm actam p» rather shorter than the flowe
s. & vue Oe xe uh e
*, A y glabrous; stems numerous from the sam
P». renea d ace ranc! ing above ; radical a bere e. rey RE
CARPHEPHORUS. COMPOSIT E. 67
oft the nearly Ee: corymb ; scales of the m rather loose, oblon
obovate, very obtuse, not margined ; the outermost spreading ; ine “or zu
a hai
corolla lanceolate-linear, elongated ; achenia hairy ; pappus ense plu-
mose-barbellate.— Liatris balti et, Micke. ! ! fl. 2. p. 93; Nutt.! gen.
2. p. 7D 5. p. 1
Dry sandy hills, near Wilmington, North Carolina, Michaux! Nuttall !
Delile ! "Mr Curtis! §c. Sept.—Plant 8-12 inches high; the stem often
branched from da the middle. Scales of the campanulate ni epe ^
rou
most smaller and bracteolate ; the second series obovate or d se
the innermost linear-oblong and much longest. Bristles of the pappus almost
plumose to the naked eye Chaff of the receptacle narrowly linear, as long
as the flowers, deciduou
4. C. corymbosus: stem so litary, tall, stout, somewhat hirsute-tomentose ;
leaves nearly glabr rous, about 1- pee m radical ones oblanceolate, ob-
e base
margin; lobes of the corolla ovate, "is iot; achenia ‘slightly nee iry ; pappus
barbellate.—Liatris corymbosa, Nutt. / gen. wes -= (excl. syn.); DC.
l. sk. 2. p. not = Mich
€. L. tomentosa? Ell 284,
Damp sandy s and Sio. = margin of swa mps, N. Carolina! to
Georgia! and Florida! Sept —Stem 2-4 feet high, striate. Leaves
somewhat fleshy, ides or Seca slightly tripli-nerved, sometimes ob-
scurely punctate ; the radical ones 4-6 inches long, very gradually nares
to the base; the cauline (gradually diminished ^ about half z inch in
length,) appressed. I ales of the involucre scarcely longer than the
others Corolla pale Earnie. Pappas aly white. Chaff e age. os
11. LIATRIS. Schreb. gen. p. 542; DC. prodr. 5. p. 128. (excl. spec.)
Heads few-many-flowered. Scales of the involucre few or numerous,
imbricated, not striate. Receptacle naked. Corolla tubular, 5-lobed, the
away i lanceolate or linear and entire, dh arigid or cartilaginous mar-
gin, 1-5-nerved, rarely veiny. Heads disposed im an elongated spike or
Taceme (flowering from the summit downwards), sometimes (as if by acci-
c Lue o rarely corymbose. Flowers purple, occasionally varying
i the corolla, style, &c. commonly dotted with sc attered resinous
eel
$1. Root a Eas mostly naked tuber (impregnated with a peu sub-
_ Stance): leaves linear or lanceolate, gramineous, 1-5-nerved, mostly punc-
tate with impressed and resinous dots : heads in a virgate spike or raceme :
manifestly imbricate : "—— S
=
’
. mucronate points, all erect
É COMPOSITE. LIATRIS.
pappus evidently plumose, or minutely and densely plumose-barbellate.
—Evuiarnis. (Euliatris & Suprago, DC.)
* Inner scales of the (4-5-flowered) involucre longer than the corolla, produced into a
dilated and ligulate colored appendage : pappus very plumose, (Calostelma, Don.)
- L. elegans (Willd.): stem and involucre villous-pubescent ; ee ves
glabrous, punctate; the radical ones spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-5-nerved ;
the upper cauline ones rent, short, spreading or reflexed, often mucosal
spike or raceme virgate, dense; the pedicels briecóohté ofien very short ;
scales of the involucre 10-12, glandular ; the appendages of the inner ones
ovate or lanceolate (bright purple Or Screen rH ue. fay pepsin achenia
et en spec. 3. p. 1635; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 9 Sec reg. t. 267;
132; Ell. sk. 2. p. 279; DC.!. sed 5. p. 199. Stehe-
lina elegans, Wai. ! Car. p. 202. Serratula speciosa, Ait. ^ Kew. (ed. 1)
3. p. 138. PoDmeripin speciosum, Vent. hort. Cels. t. 79.
B. raceme compoun vh er an accidental or c rat state).
Dry barren soil, Virginia to Florida! otim iana! and Texas! Aug-
S. m Stem 3-5 feet high, p Spike or raceme pact a foot or more -
in length. RO of the pappus about 18, in a single series.
* * Scales of the involucre very numerous and imbricated in several series, without pe» —
taloid appendages: heads (few) cylindrical or sli ghtly clavate, many- Oe
Slowered : lobes of the corolla jirsule within ; pappus se plumose.
2. L. squarrosa (Willd -): pubescent or hairy, or nearly glabrous, very.
leafy ; leaves linear, elongated, rigid, scarcely punctate ; the lower ones 3-5-
nerved s few i
radical very ‘long ; he (sometimes solitary), sessile or on
any-flowered ; scales rigid, cilia té, not punctate, with more
or less elongated and pointed foliaceous spreading extremities; the inner
ing
ones mucronate-acuminate ; the outermost often bracteolate and resembling
the upper leaves; achenia minutely pubescent.— Willd. ! l. c. ; Michz.! fl.
82; Hook.
2. p. 92; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 282; fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 306 P A prod
5. p. 129. Cirsium tuberosum &c., Dill. Elth. t. 71, f. 8 rris
squarrosa, Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 818. Pteronia Caroliniana, Wall. Car
ADNE: died unda : nes numerous (20 or more), in a somewhat paniculate
or varese racem ; the pedicels, or rather hes. lane and leafy.
Y- compac i rous ; eic crow ver ow; heads several,
closely sessile, approximate; scales of the involucre - ilicis: with long
de exterior linear and resembling the upper-
Ei leaves,
ô. intermedia (DC.) + mostly € heads (1—5) turbinate-cylindrical, pe-
dicellate ; exterior scales of t he involucre elongated and foliaceous, erect; the
interior veas red or not at all squarrose.—L. inte ermedia, Lindl. bot.
Ea cpec
or sandy soil, get Canada! to Florida! and Texas! (y.
Askaisos, D Dr. Leavenworth!) July-Sept.—Stem 1-3 feet high, often pes
Sometimes almost hirsute, as wel eaves and invol
BAS id ien x l as th ves a Sis
an inc g; the points of the upper scales ofien purplish-
Tees n purple. "Bristles ep he pappus 18-90, otn purplish The
var. y. is the most rer markable t in the ordinary pl nt the scales are
u; ó. oma seems almost
safer to a
2-5 iake s-master. (One `
of the po Popular antidotes for the bite of tho Rad
ae
LIATRIS. ; " COMPOSITÆ. Tem 69
L. cylindracea a. ): glabrous or slightly hairy ; mee low, leafy ;
‘eaves linear, rigid, scarcely punctate, mo stly 1-nerved; heads (1-7, rarely
12) turbinate-cyli MOS. Saale or pedicellate, 16-20. flow isp the scales of
the involucre all short and appressed, with rounded or iau sbropiy mu-
P sera tips, ofien ciliate, not punctate ; Schein a pubescent.—Michr. ! fl.
-p-93; Ell. ! sk. 2. p. 275 ; DC. l.c. ; notof Pursh. L. iN MacNab!
in din. phil. jour. 19, p. 60.
Dry woods and prairies, pe (and N. W. Territory, Dr. Hough-
ton!) Upper Canada! Illinois! Mis ouri! p +, apparently nearly confined
to the Western Faea J ieSe —Stem 6-18 inches high. Heads about
an inch lon e exter erior scales of the involucre com Pix vent short, rare--
ly hac Aus eiue or foliaceous. Flowers bright purple
* * * Scales of the ee involucre without petaloid appendages : lobes of the
corolla glabrous withi
t Pappus evidently plumose to the naked eye: heads 3-6-flowered.
co 4 L. punctata (Hook.) : stems web from the same tuberous-fusiform
bt e Stout, nearly glabrous, ver ry leafy; leaves linear, rigid, manifestly punc-
. fate on both surfaces with im pressed dots, glabrous, the marginsoften remote-
Ty ciliate with bristly hairs; heads in a dense spike (w hich is uti e
iu
conspicuously punctate. imbricated, appressed, with more or less spreading
_ Mucronate-acuminate tips; ae margins land ginogs- fn" praed nia hairy;
~. Pappus very plumose.— Hook. ! fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 3 306, t.55; DOLE L.
- cylindrica, eal in ann. lye. ‘Nei York: 2, p. 210. L. resinosa, DC.!
prodr. 5. p. 1 29 (pl. Arkans.), not of Nutt.
B. le TOM uid all very narrowly linear; the miis a ciliate or
naked ; scales of the involucre narrower, tapering somewhat gradually into
& euspidate- -acuminate point, at least the inner ones; s RUE usually short ;
stem often scene
Y- leaves go eni ciliate with hispid hairs ; inner scales of the invo-
~~ pila ns T p rairies, Saskatchawan, Drummond, Douglas! and
throughout the c ees between the Upper Mississippi and the Mison; Mr.
Nicollet !* to bebat e James! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. ae orth! and
Texas, Drum heri g.-Sept.—Stems 8 runc to 2 o 3 fem high,
usually | several fon E ‘he 8 and somewhat knotted dion fumes m root,
leafy io the summit. Lower leaves 3-5 inches eem slightly 3-nerved ; the
5m d nerved, varying from 3 lines to Jess than a line i width, pungently
acute. Spike 3-4 to 10 inches | ng. Flo reddish-purpie. Pristles
on wers
the pappus about 30, purplish or nearly white. Achenia almost villous when
young, 3-4 lines long.—A well-marked species; i a ies Ma have indi-
cated passing into each other. Some of the specimens of the collection made
in Mr Nicoller's expedition (our var. y.), have ewe sige e leaves con-
spieuously fringed with rigid jointed hairs: others iie are very sparsely ciliate,
Se
* We are greatly me: to the — of Mr. Nicollet, for an extensive col-
Hm at a imens, made duri survey of the country bet
Mi the source ‘of
r. Geyer: they were =A
aei, ir earlier, and en
L* Am
—
7 9 COMPOSITA: LIATRIS.
with the leaves and involucral indes narrower, nearly like one of the forms
e
. L. mucronata (DC.) : glabrous; stem slender, Mat = ; leaves nar-
iuely linear, very teg eee punctate ; the gated, the
uppermost short, a ous or subu late ; spi ike lon ng a and narrow,
dense; the -— (emall dis or on appressed ! grape uci than the
subulate bracts, 3-5-flowered; scales of the na and somewhat cylindri-
cal involucre ré (purplish, the margins not scari saat ines essed, shorter
than the pappus, ovate-lanceolate, muc — Sofas ul ; the exterior
dibnéry - Perea manifestly plumose.— odr.
Texas, the east ern districts, Bede Dus ond! Wes
Louisiana, pr. Hale !'—Stem 2-4 feet high, aues the slender sd
sometimes 2 feet long. Lower leaves about 2 lines wide; the upper crowded,
1
less than half a line in width, flat. eads 4-5 lines long; the lowermost
shorter, the uppermost much longer dix the bracts. Corolla bright E purples
Pappus longer than the achenium, of about 30 often purplish bristles, mani-
featly plumose to the naked eye, but less so than in L. punctata.—V aries
with the achenia minutely pubescent throughout, or on the ribs alone, or per-
fectly glabrous; and with the scales of the involucre either abruptly cuspi-
ate-mucronate, or gradually narrowed into a subulate-mucroaate point; the
latter being more common in the specimens we have examined. The plant
of De e Candolle (which we have not compared with our own) is said to have
pu nt achenia, and the obtuse scales abruptly mucronate : it onside be
. different from the plant we hadé described, and sibly what we € x: a
narrow-leaved variety of L. punctata; but that species would not b
pared with L. tenuifolia, e besides is well characterized by De Candolle,
under the name of L. resinosa
*
ed kinii: ne = Aiga stem oiio r, erect; leaves linear,
punctate ; the lower elongated, the upper short and setaceous; spike virgate;
the heads rather crow
E s of the involucre (about 8) gla-
brous, scarcely punctate ; the mac a: short, 1 late-subulate ; the in-
rior lane. or linear, wi s margins and acuminate spreading
rio gi
"em = or exceeding rims pic ine ; achenia villous; pappus man-
ifestly plu
Near Clluibbes, Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high.
Leaves rather scattered. Spike 6-10 abbas long. Heads half an inch in
*
length, exceeding the bracts, on etd short pedicels if any. Inner scales of
scaríous and slightly colored margins a
tips. Flowers apparently -pale purple. Pappus plumose to the same
degree as the preceding, more so than any of the following species.
co = Lb
those of L. secunda.
Li tenuifolia (Nun) : glabrous; stem very slender; radical and lower
a leaves crowded, wly linear or aieo filiform, elongated, often
hairy towards s seeds pu nctate ; the u ones very s ort, setaceous,
_ Scattered; raceme Virgate ; pem (small) A seed. crowded ; the pedicels
mostly bracteolate ger than the setaceous bracts, sometimes branch-
ing ; scales of the involuc
muer
- radical leaves broader, co
phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 2. 285. ;
w:
E;
Heads
mucronata, or especially L. tenuifolia, — smaller than
A
=
fs
Ld
LiaTris. COMPOSITAE. |
Dry pine eee N. Carolina to Georgia! and Florida! Aug.-Oct.—
Sten m 2-4 feet Radical leaves resembling those ol Pinus palustris. as
remarked by Newall (a few of the exterior sometimes 2 lines broad), rigid,
orming a close tuft in the manner of Xerophyllum. Raceme elongated;
the pedicels e lines long. For purple. quw teet er appus
scarcely plumose to the naked eye; tle bristles 20-25.— Like most species
of this section, à pedicels are sometimes e Songsa Sar branched, forming a
paniculate inflorescence. Heads usually quite small.
t t Pappus densely barbellate : heads 3-40-flowered.
` L. secunda (Ell.): mi wen focie or glabrous; stem slender, "
virgate ; the = all turned à one oes on short mostly neni and brem
eolate pedic 4-5-flowered; involucre cylindrical; scales 12-14, with
slightly veri margins, an resinous-punctate ; the exterior oval be! inta
short; the interior as long as the pappus, oblong-lanc eolate, mucro
minate ; ; achenia ed. pappus — = “de nsely plumose- "harbellate.
= sk. 9. p. 278: DC.! prodr. ^ e
sandy soil, S: Carolina ! to Fi ida ` Au guie ept. t Stem 1-3 feet
bigh. Raceme 6-12 inches ^e curved, d slightly — beauti-
fully unilateral.. Heads 6-8 lines long; the scales appressed, mostly 1-
nerved. Bracts and bracteoles sce pp rey short. Flowers ight —
: he mall) on icels,
scales of the somewhat cylin Ciir involucre few, oblong or elliptical, ob-
tuse, re paaga appressed, shorter than the barbellate pappus; ache-
nia turbi inate, us.
, 4. nearly ange: raceme elongated, simple, or slightly compound at the
base ; heads (5—7-flowered) on reps divaricate, or even reflexed, simple
3 sy
B Mad d, in pcne AE ae raceme, on filiform more or
less | divaricate (or so at reflexed) pedicels; of which the
lower re fi d with scattered. bracteoles similar to the exterior scales of
b
eyli é
Pad. p. slight dy acute.—L. pauciflosculosa, Nutt. / A jour. ac
raceme aoe simple, or frequently branched or paniculate below;
heads (3-5-flow ed) oe short divaricate pedicels, or sometimes almost ses-
sile; otherwise
se as
à. in florescence entirely paniculate; the branches simple, ascending; a
few of the uppermost yh bearing single heads, short ; the lower successive-
ly elongated, slender, bearing few or several racem -flowered) heads,
on short pedicels, or sometimes a almost sessile; otherwise as in 8. an
Pine barrens, Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! y. Ad prsa: Buck-
ley! Aug—Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet Miah. usually clothed with a m
what EN pubescence. Lea ather thick, S] pa abl i minutel
punctate, often obtuse. tapering to ee bones the upper 1-2, ere — 3-5
i metimes ha
png: with the pedicels 14 to 2 inches long pedi = ben)
an inch 1 length e t ves) in our var.
y n inch long (about the ene angar Oe adhe Dr uie
72 COMPOSIT £X. - — Lus.
here arranged (8. y. & ô.) are undoubtedly different forms or states of one
and the same well-marked species, differing in no respect except the devel-
Peet of hs inflorescence, hich affords most fallacious characters in this
genus. There is an obvious tendency to branch in the inflorescence 5 all
i is n th summit of the
om the summit, the po
of the plant are ae to the Se of additional jsib: either from the
axils of the upper cauline leaves, or of the bracts with which the pedicels
(ped peat especially the lower ones, a are usually furnished. This is particu-
larly exemplified in the present species ; which exhibits almost every grada-
tion Siren the simple racemiform inflorescence, and a kind of panicle
otherwise si r es.— We regret e have not been able to settle
the synonymy of several species in this difficult genus. Mr. Bennett, a
as most obligingly compared fragments from our specimie ns of this an
other allied species with t rved ^ the Banksi an n: considers
-W cles; but Mr. Bennett, on comparing the two, did n cognize the resem-
. blance. If the species here described should prove nian, as b. - praet
it will retain the appropriate name of L. pauciflosculosa, Nut
TA miniabe (Willd. ?) : glabrous or sparsely Z stem slender ;
lS linear, somewhat scattered, 1-nerved. u ili
; Ca
heads rather small, 7-9-flowered, Sia oe ssile and rather remote,
forming a slender spike ; lower bracts longer, the uppermost ag Mee re:
heads.—L. éste hai Du : fl. 2. p. 508?) Nutt. ! gen. 2. p.
- P- 274; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 130, (excl. pl. cult., which belan
to L. spicata!
- heads lar rere, 7-14-flowered. (Varies, 1. Mrs the heads few or nume-
IS. scattered, sessile or nearly so: 2. heads few or numerous, in
a simple raceme; the el
the heads,
: r 3. head :
approximate, sessile; the oer ird branched below, the heads on the
T sessil
ple —Serratula foliis linearibus, floribus soli-
tarus sessilibus, Gronov. ! Ving ed. 1. p. 92.
y- heads small, + 6-12-flow: pd. 9n spreading or often recurved pedicels,
forming a long virgate raceme, sometimes compound or paniculate at the
base.— L. gracilis, Ell. l. ës v of Pursh? L. pilosa 8. ie Nutt. l. c.
L. virgata, Nutt. ! in jour. aca d. Philad. 7. p. 72, & in trans. Amer. Phil.
€ ser.) 7. — es i setate compound). ae
Bet arer, orte; cate, or racemose, with the
pec short and erect or sometimes with the a compound
"S s To 3 : E $ 4 *
re
Di
LiATRIS. COMPOSIT.E. 73
below; scales of the involucre somewhat narrower and less rounded at the
c Gu usually ciliate.—L. pilosa, Pursh, l. c. (chiefly); Nutt. l. c ps
2 hae x “var. dubia” (the inflorescence compound below); Lindl. b ot. ^
ota 5 (** B. gracilis" n — bot. cat. t. 356; not of Willd. (A ibl c
pi igh m eh EDU. 5. p. e L. spicata A 5 soena =
l.c IJU L crt d ee veg. mat. med. 2
ep 2 ns
nata, eet i n Loud. hort. Brit." Anonymos p of TP p 197?
Je
ine barrens, often in wet places, New Jersey! (var. 6.7) to Alabama! -
and F iorida common. Aug.—Oct.—Stem 1-4 feet high. Heads as large
or larger than in L. spicata, in var. a. & y. smaller.—Our chief doubts re-
specting the plants here brought together, relate to var. 9. ?, which is very
d whic
d L. spicata, while it presents no characters th t we ca n seize upon to dis-
E ce he chie
and L.s spicata consist in the u 1ally larger, fewer, a more scattered heads;
the more regular arly imbric ated scales of the obconical or obovate involucre,
diminishing successive y to the outermost, oi are d PELA the more
hairy and shorter achenia, &c. We are by no ns certain that we have
pleat referred this species to the L. gr Y minifolia of Willdenow, which
appears to have been derived from Mublenberg; in whose herbarium seve-
ral Ps are mingled under this name. Our remarks u the inflores-
be rem marka that the heads of the compound portion of the 1 ence are
frequently smaller and fewer-flowered than the others. We pe an inte-
remarked chaffy scales intermixed among the flowers. ‘This accidental oc-
currence, however, will hardly be — » overthrow a genus so well
marked by habit as e ete proves to
1l. L. spicata (Willd.): glabrous, or rare E pee stem strict, v
leafy; leaves linear, acute; ofien ped towards the base; the upper ones
ient short, often subulate; the lowermost elongated, 3-5-nerv rved ; i:
; the scales (15-20) appressed, resinous-punctate a
dia (purplish Reano obtuse ; the inner oblong ; the exterior oval or round-
short; achen
more or less hairy p cies : w
; AUN us densely barbellate.— W illd. ! spec. 3. p
t 1411; El. ER. 2. : ; Brit. fl. gard. t. v E gen. 9. p. 131;
ingt.! fl. Cest. p. 448; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 130. (a. & 8.) L.
chya, Michz. ! a 91; Pursh,l.c. Serratula spi Linn.! spec. 2.
p. 819 See syn Andr. bot. rep. t. 401. Suprago spicata,
= 2. p. 402, t. 167. ' Cirsium tuberosum . ; t5
x E heads a about 5-flowered; plant smaller.—L. resinosa, Nutt.! gen. 2.
of DC...
Moise p. ground, | Michigan and New Jersey ! to Florida! and Lowest
common. Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-5 feet high. Leaves often
nerves, spre or what -— rm 5-15 inches long;
- “VOL. E. Me z
ss b. ;
/
74 COMPOSITE. LiatTris.
“sessile 4 or nearly so, mostly crowded, about half an inch in length: lower —
Eo bracts longer, the upper much shorter than the heads. artis s bright pur-
Ef
#
* Ac = keo- the ingih of the itas trey s.—The number of flowers in
ead is variable. r. G. Watson has disco etel, near Pulse
et state a iis ian with pat pink, or scien pure white flowers.) —But-
12. L. pyenosta chya : As te or nearly glabrous; stem stout, strict, very — -
leafy; leaves strict, rigid, c closely sessile, and pa E IAE * t the bes
the radical and lowerones elongated, lanceolate, obtu vds the
per "s: and much crowded, narrowly Hes. iile: pie elongated, thick
and dense, som mwka leafy below; the heads closely sessile, about 5-flow-
ores : involucre unes. ; the scales (14-16) oblong or vere usually
acute, with scarious and colored margins, scarcely punctate, rigid, appressed,
ripa at de summit; achenia p^ d BUT pappus densely barbellate.—
Michz.! fl. 9. p. 91; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 507 (excl. syn. Dill. & Walt.?);
DJU.L e
Par
EN,
a. stem densely hirsute; leaves more or less hairy; scales of the involucre
‘strongly ciliate, often glandu lar ;
. stem, leaves, E involucre nearly glabrous.—L. brachystachya, Nutt.’
in jour. acad. Philad
llinois ! Migouri! Arkansas! Louisiana! & Texas! (not en
ing castillo yond the Alleghany Mountains.) Aug.—Oct.—Stem 3-5 fee
i arene ND t. Spike ve m i pariah and 12-18 inches bes o 57]
ofien short ¢ somewhat clavate, an ore iameter w l
developed ; es (i ved EE eni of both varieties) slcifdst rye |
er. Heads equalling or exceeding those of L. spicata in length, i,
narrower.— l-marked gcn resembling some forms of L. spicata, but 5
readily distinguished by its squarrose involucre. The upper leaves are
arai very short, e subulate, and somewhat aparece
13,4. pilosa (Wilid.) : more or less pubescent with long a hairs;
stem stout; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated, hairy ; heads in a
loose si simple raceme, 10-15-flowered ; scales of the turbinate or Feampanulat
— glabrous, not punctate, with slight scarious margins ; the exterior
narrowly oblong, short, very obtuse; the innermost linear; chunk Dens
escent, Tad as long as the densely barbellate (almost plumose) pappus
Willd. spec. 3. p. 1636; Jars of any succeeding author. Serratula pilosa, |
Ait. ! eE 13. |
^ North
Young." Hort. 1 Roe. l.c. On mile
=a "
“ari
Eo
es oft eicli narrow, rather acute, about half a
Acheria an xe kapjes nearly equal in size to L. sca ariosa.—Our desc
dra n from our own meniorand.
: irginia b
de. he oly vical native specimen we have met with pod accords so aah d h
plant ho leave no reasonable doubt of their south
rom the oy e "e iba and bein
nsufficie
Liarris. COMPOSIT/E. 75
icum. The L. pilosa 8. levicaulis, DC. is identical with L. mese Y
y
racemosa of the same author. ae
T scariosa (Willd.): stem stout, more or less pubescent; leaves li
Min, dac? or ede obscurely if at all punctate with imp
dots; the radica wer ones usua i lane ge, oval, oblong-lanceolate, o
obovate-oblong, eibi: veiny, taperin nto a petiole ; ‘hea (few or
num cda racemose or spicate, sub globose, 20-40-flowered; scales of the
involucre very numerous, obovate spatulate, very vbi often —
with more or less ciliate scarious ofer n denticulate and colored L cu ; the
lower ones sometimes a little spreading or squarrose ; the low d SAA
and often acute; achenia hairy or villous, about the "length of ie plumose-
barbellate oco —Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1635; Ell! f- 2. p. 281; Bot.
mag. t. ; Bot. reg. t. 590; Brit. de ae t. 87; Bi, - Bost. ‘ed. 2
p. 293 ; "Hooke rA Bor.-Am. 1. p. . Squarr ules. aspera, x phe-
roidea, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 92. L. scariosa 1 & spheroidea, DC.! pr P.
Ou 198130. L. borealis” * Parton, mag. 5.1. 27." L. heterophylla, x
3 gen. 2. p. 131, not of R. Br.? peg scariosa, Linn.! spec. 2. p. 818.
sc Poi
or.
Dry, usually ndr soil, from. the Saskatchawan and Upper Canada! to
Florida! Louisiana! & Texas! Aug.—Oct:—Stem 1-5 feet bigh. Heads
often an inch in ;2 x F lowers bright cia or rarely pure w ite !—
Varies with the stem nearly glabrous, or Seana almost tomentose at the
Summit; the leaves smooth and glabrous, very scabrous (L. | Ta, Miche. >
^ 3-10 or more,
v
=
c
$
$
D
m
o
SB
r^
Nn
3
ux j 0 oe they are usuz ^
what distant and distinctl ip d pedicels Boii M xiu EN i
longer than the heads,) to Yo o E hey u usually form a dense spike. -
But the forms are so numerous a x tien) that marked ol vae c
L heterophyjla (R. Brown) : ates lanceolate, smooth and we s :
the uppe linear-lanceolate and m aller; heads piate, on very
short painele: scales of the involucre eria squarrose, naked.—R. Br.
t
-90S
“ Native of N. America : fug 0, by Mr. William Malcolm. Fl.
ne and M Sage ^" R. Br. nS. ec e, and Georgia, Fraser, Bartram,”
rsh. the original icd of this species, Pw have only to add the `
following notes upon the specimen preserved in e Banksian herbarium,
obligingly communicated by Mr. Pu nett : "Hende about 10, formin ng a
ike of litt
ten seen depauperate forms of L. scariosa with this name, yet never with
inted scales. ursh’s “reference to Willd. enum. is a mistake, as Will-
enow has no such speci
b E BI va ate Pursh) : stem iple: glabrous; ok S panicle
— rea. Ms y: the (Pris hort, ng few subsessile 3-5-flow-
heads ; pis of the een erect, lanceolate, acute. Riton Pursh,
Kp. e
) Flowers small, the size of No. 4.
poena the character of
volucre, &c. , This still
ed
d ~~
~~,
*
*
Ed
16 « COMPOSITE. lige
` to two inches in length, suberect, =“ —€— bonding 3 to 4s E
ere are less than half the length of t Panot; i x eir shape and the num-
ber o flowers in each are accurately noted by Purs eq
§ 2. icose : branches and heads corymbose : Tie. obovate, puncticu-
late: scales of the few-flowered involucre rr pe Age lobes of the corol- E à
HER UN pappus i ce barbellate—Leprociinium, Nutt.
- B
vu. I fru ticosa — 2: glabrous; branches naked aboves ae spatu- v.
RAIL n rveless, entire ; heads. about 5-flowered ; involuere Mus ái
pubescent.— Nutt. / in Sill. jour. 5 » 9, & in dra gee P hil. sc a
24 | p. 285.
East Florida, Mr. Ware '— Leaves scattered, (the lower opposite, the
upper alternate, Nutt.) ie an inch long, similar 6 shape to t se ofthe
mmon P es o ré imbri : seriés 5:
- pappus éxa:
_ the receptacle is the same as in ote few-flowered species. a
§ 3. Root a short rhizoma or cauder: leaves dilated, obovate, pe q
^"üpr pes o dif or veined, not punctate with impressed. T
dots: heads. corymbose or paniculate-cymose, small, few-flowered : scales of a E
the involucre few 7 slightly imbricated : corolla scarcely dilated above i
$
the lobes short, ova : pappus p barbellate.—Triisa, Cass., DO-
(excl. spec.) 1
18. L. odoratissima Bou 2 glabrous ; leaves somewhat glaucous, ob-
4 bru A radic obovate-spatulate, tapering at the base, often
usel Bares: be cauline oblong, clasping at the base ; cyme
te; the he umerous, perlice cellate, 7-8-flowered ; sen
Bos. um lar ; 3 nh apres — Lee
Michz. 2. p. 98:5 ET h. Fede
p.132; Andr. bot. SA, k SEL. RE a.
gh, corymbose at the ; thick
or with several veins proceeding from the m ib; the ra- -
sarge; the upper small and scattered.. ` Flowers brigh i purple.
andular.—'The leaves when bruised exhale the odor of | Vanilla, z^
they -e in for many years; whence the pop
19. L. paniculata (Willd. 2:4
Áo» ed, m mostly el (Wi j: 2a ikiii hafi: leaves A
abrous ; the radical ones ege tiere tapering into .—
e; | uline very*sma all and numerous, lanceolate OT —
ceolate, sessile, viseidly pubescen ^od young; corymbs ern a
into peii 0 ds 4—10- (commo
ing n
a
inicle ; hea
4
Liarris. COMPOSITE. 77 :
ts achenia. finorely aea m ee! spec. 3. p. 1637 ; Miche. t l.e.;
T Pursh,1.c.; Nut 9. p. 132 ; Ell. sk. 9. p. 283; DC! l.c. Anony-
mos cds Wat r Car. p.198.
ns, Virginia to Florida! common. | Sept.-Oct.—Stem 1-2
feet «nr Vini e rplish, somewhat villous or bi rsute with glutinous hairs
- "Cauline leaves very small, appressed, emi imbricated. Heads as large
as in the preceding species. Cor olla purple, sometimes almost white. he
scales of the involucre vary from 6 to 16, a the flowers from 4: to
n flexuosa of D. Thomas, in Sill. jour. 27. p. 338 (1839), is Gi FL
d Lo or a reduced L. ae! it is poeni to determine fro
kN et description and
$
12. CLAVIGERA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 127.
Heads 5-20-flowered. Scales of the involucre imbricated in several series,
striate; the exterior very short; the innermost elongated, linear. Lgs cd
narrow, naked. Corolla tubular, dilated at the base, not ex
5-toothed ; the teeth very short, glandular externally. Style Meere
bulb at the base ; the branches e or taberne, jisty glabrous, included
or partly e exserted. Achenia s stly 10-striate),
nearly glabrous, sessile. Pappus qe series of plumose-barbellate bris-
tles.—Somewhat shrubby branched (Mexican & Texan) plants. Li :
alternate, 1-nerved or tripli-nerved, linear or oblong, entire « r toothed, some- —
x times dotted with resinous globules, or punctate. - ^c a mg i
4 p Picate pace ^ Flowers whitish. SAT os
TE
TA
pe
amo
- “A genus intermediate between Kuhnia and Liatris (am ch nearer the
Š Sona dedicated, on account of the species being ] natives of Mexic ce
mi E Clavigero, who wrote upon the we on well as = civil history of Mexico.
a í an
..* as one of ; but thi
À confasion i is said to exist rapi "the NA TENE of Berker plants.
1. €. dentata (DC. ): pubescent, cinereous, shrubs
t ,; here and there peli t lobed at the e npani Dré
ing one or few heads edi narrow panicl ds
dis es
" a
a of dhe situate: sabotaged acuminate, ciliate, comewhat gearet at
Rire: more or less striate. .€. ies
a Texas, in the eastern districts (Cammancheries), and about Bexar, Ber-
—This species perhaps hardly comes within the prescribed :
e int ‘it for comparison with the following
t filicies ae fa p
shrubb and minutely pube
nceolate, Fran he lower ones tripi-
: » rét cular -veined beneath, mint se summed unequally serrate;
those of the bra anches small, crenately toothed from the middle to the
apex 3 a 215-90 Aoa i]: disposed in a leafy spike or thyrsus terminating
. the virgate heaaches pee of the fe entre ovate 1 and glandular, stri-
a oe obtuse, seldom mucronate; ovate; the inner | te-
d 3 eer. onde An scarions at the a
‘scarcely exc eaves fro pe
er ones flow ceding ens eet Ed
henia about ate. — de
78 COMPOSITE. me KvunsiA.
13. KUHNIA. Linn. spec. ed. 2. appr. p. 1662; Vent. Cels. t. 91.
Kuhnia § Strigia, DC.—Critonia, Gerín., not of R. Br.
Heads 10-25-flowered. Scales of the involucre lanceolate, rather loosely
imbricated in two or three series; the exterior shorter, acute or acuminate. ;
Receptacle naked. aee tubular, somewhat dilated at the base, not ex- -
panded above, 5-toothed; the teeth short, obtuse, glandular externally. |
Style with a villous E at the base; the branches at length exserted, slight-
ly clavate and somewhat flattened at the summit, glabrous. (Anthers some-
times abortive or unconnected?) Achenia nearly cylindrical, many-striate,
sessile. Pappus a single series of strongly plumose bristles.—Perennial
herbs or suffrutescent plants, with alternate or somewhat opposite 1-nerved
or tripli-nerved lanceolate leaves, sprinkled with resinous dots beneath.
Heads Eb Flowers white or purple.
ave drawn the above character from the North American cet i to
which, ‘wih probably K. r osmarinifolia of Cuba (the qeu Strigia,
d dow tlees be | restricted: the «anh with pentagonal ebrii acit
sum to e eltiely allied to Eu atoriu um, w Aa roper is more near to Cla-
un. itin.; DC.! prodr. 7. p. 267, is a pei of Pe egol sia ,as De ye ott first inti-
to us.— , Cass. (of iin ich we know a single species) i is nearer Kuhnia
othites,
than Mikania, but a distinet ge
Mod K, eupatorioides (Li inn.): stem herbaceous; leaves, as well as t the
scales of. the involucre, thickly s sprinkled bene ath with shining resinous dots,
— the cauline ones mostly irregularly serrate; those of the branches
usu rally entire; heads in päničulate corymbs; flowers white or
a c. peo Pluk.) ; Linn. f. decad. 2. P: 21,
449. K. eupatorioides & K. Critonia, Willd.
K. eupatorioides dasypia, Saher elliptica, tuberosa,
[^ nne ns, Ra - ff
B . .
F leaves ovate: lanceolate, Fe cie d se sot »netimes
bs rath and
ent it; the lower ciui ones pe
d
a
others linear and mostly and co (ox en
t it
Lon paniculata, C ‘Cass dict. 24. p. 516; DC.!
nia Kuhnia, Gerin. Jr. 7
Kunnia. | COMPOSIT#. 79
ssary if more than one species were admitted. But, considerable as
s the di fference between the extremes, we have a great vipa of wee
Sate such sre mae pure that we are unable even to characterize a
series of varietie The involucre, corolla, achen ae are rs do: the
same in all. We ha ave, asisten sien the more common northern plan t as
he type. of the species, and have designated the extreme forms as varieties
| i M. BULBOSTYLIS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 138.
Heads 10-25-flowered. Scales of the oblong or Bhar ere. oe
involucre rather loosely imbricated in about 3 series, striate; the exterior
short, the inner lanceolate or linear. Receptacle narrow, ed Corolla
tubular, slender, somewhat dilated at the base, contracted at the summit,
with 5 extremely short externally glandular teeth. Style with a commonly
villous bulb at the base, included. Achenia nearly terete, or obscurely
5-angled, about 10-striate. Pappus of numerous capillary scabrous bristles,
longer than the corolla.—Suffruticose (chiefly Mexican) plants, with terete
branches. Leaves opposite or alternate, ovate or lanceolate, petioled, ser-
rate, often dotted with resinous globules. Heads in thyrsoid or spicate leafy
panicles. Flowers mostly white or ochroleucous.
Perhaps not sufficiently distinct ts Brickellia; which again is distinguished
from Eupatorium chiefly by its striate achenia
1. B. Californica : stem and v velvety-pulitralents leaves ovate, on
hed, 3 the
~ Short petioles, irregularly serrate-too , 3-nerved at t base, — gla-
brous above, dotted with minute de and puberulent bt culated
beneath, the u upper ones m ostly alternate; heads in a spicate sse about
20-flowered ; scales of the involucre as prat I ciam red short, ap-
pressed; the row linear, eer’ utel ae
California, Douglas m Pag from “the xus plant (herb. DC. /) as
well in the leaves, denen have not he upper surface sca ath a the lower
seticeleted, as in the obtuse scales of the involucre ü
9. B. microphylla (Nutt.) : much branched, visci ‘aly pv ubes d f andu-
; lar; leaves alternate, ovate, petioled, sparingly toothed, eorum equall ss
' pubescent and viscid on both sides; those of th very a
nearly sessile; heads abut 15-flowered ; a scales of fe involucre - ae
iace ips; the interior er pu em 9-3-nerved, mucro-
il. soc. (n. ser
nulate.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. - Soc. t
regon, apa. paagis ilah, Nuttall | —A AK ER plant; the
leaves of the nu petis only 2 or 3 lines long, rather thick, re-
ose of s tats i Ada Heads small, scattered. Achenia not seen.
aeu 15. BRICKELLIA. Ell. sk. 2. p. 290.
Heads 30-50-flowered. Scales of the campanulate involucre im
lanceolate or linear, striate; the exterior shorter. Receptacle naked, flat.
Corolla tubular, slightly expanded towards the summit ; the teeth short, ob-
tuse, Mai glandular externally. Style with a villous bulb at the base;
the b ranches often much papam Achenia
prt
x
E =
E E
ame ae
5. River,
a x COMPOSITE.. — - BRICKELLIA.
nearly cylindrical, about 10-striate. Pappus a single series of slender sca-
brous or minutely barbellate-serrulate bristles.—Perennial herbs (natives of
the Southern United States and Oregon), sparingly branched ; with opposite
or alternate tripli-nerved leaves, and rather large corymbose heads. Flowers
| pale -a
j wes mostly opposite, cordate, crenate, gein 3-nerved from the base,
veiny : involucre rather shorter than the flowers
- B. cordifolia. (EIL 1. c.) : stem paniculate- o NEN the summit ;
EON all as. dme some SABE triangular-cordate, acum e minutely pu-
bescent and thickly dotted Moa resinous globules Bist, crenate-toothed ;
corymb loose, the branches bearing 1-3 pedunculate heads; bracts setaceous ;
som t
ones; branches of the style much exserted ; achenia nearly e ous ; P
_ pus (purplish) —— —Eupatorium Brickellia, DC. prodr. 5. p.
Hill-sides, rn districts of Georgia, Elliott. Middle F loridé, "i
Chapman Aog. Sep. Stem, 4 bou n feet high, terete. Leaves about 3
Ls ong the uppermost f neate at the base. Heads half an
— 40-50-flowered. Style with a depressed villous bulb. Achenia
n young minutely hairy towards the
2. B. grandiflora Mirac i his paniculate at the summit; leaves cordate-
iangular, acuminate, or nearly glabrous, dotted with resinous
globules beneath, ac ag or x Mie) de ntate- -serrate; the lower mostly op-
ernate; he
» produced into a subulate ooe appendage; branches
slightly orsoni Sedis glabrous when mature; pappus
—Ni trans ae soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 287.
m. 6.
north and dinh eid of Lewis & Clarke's
3 uglas; and from this region to the k Mouse
-. Nuttall! piper plains of the Platte? Dr. Jam es /—Manifestly allied to
the preceding species heads e same size. Flowers white, ac-
E to com but Vua tinged with purple i in pese specimen of Dr
s Tesinous tts viec down - entire: inner scales of the involucre
longer. than the ane
ae =
o the base, sc rcely eur
“a pire * the rymbose-pa iculate
scales of the involucre ed in series ; the exte-
g, often the heiss poem elongated,
es of the syle exi exserted ; achenia slen-
EX
and W. ablamet, Nuttall! —Leaves about an
in length. Habit different | from the other spe-
has a heavy odor, a g to Nuttall; who
shox cg stt are re yellowish
* = p A T
: p a «= ai
E
4 a
ent
ae
EvrATORIUM. | . COMPOSITE. EC
16. EUPATORIUM. Tourn. inst. t. m DER Gaertn. fr. t. 166;
DC. prodr. 5. p.
Heads 3-100-flowered. Involucre cylindrical or campanulate; the scales .
d in 2-3 or more series, or sometimes nearly equal in a single se- .
* Receptacle flat, naked. Corolla tubular-infundibuliform or fee.
a ks nam limb, 5-toothed, frequently dilated at the bas
cluded. Branches of the style mostly exserted and Leia, ps cod
ceous or somewhat flattened, obtuse. Achenia 5-angled, without intermediate
strie. Pappus a single series of very slender capillary bristles, scabrous or
minutely serrulate.—Perennial herbs or somewhat shrubby plants (the great-
€r portion American), with opposite (sometimes alternate or verticillate) sim-
ple or rarely divided leaves. Heads mostly corymbose. Flowers purple,
blue, or white. Leaves, involucre, corolla, and achenia often sprinkled with
resinous globules; the former rarely impressed- punctate.
$ 1. Heads cylindrical, 5—-60-flowered : dl of the involucre numerous,
closely imbricated in several series, appressed, obtuse, strongly striate; the
outer ones shortest: leaves opposite or rarely alternate.
E. ivefolium (Linn.): herb
leaves on arrowly obediar f tapering to each end, scarcely petioled,
3-nerved, subserrate, glabro us; corymb trichotomous, loose; heads ee a
pedicellate, 15-20- flowered; scales of = a m. erect, striate,
tuse. nn. amen. acad. ay p. 405, & spec. (ed. 2.) 2. p - 1174; :
ix obs. ; .p. 301; DC. prodr. DI
us; stem terete, somewhat hispid ; -
EX
. ovician sa: leaves less ict’ at each Eod bee e oo E
ne zi :
the uppermost short and nearly ge Anc ox euro
Torr.! herb. E. calocephalum s in trans. Amer Th hi. E
7. p. dos eir oppositifolia, NE Tin : Sill. j jour. 5
elds, I Ed ar New is d Peinturier! , Naut-
tl! Dr Louisiana D. Hale! ` July-Nov gite branched, 3-5 feet po
bei m
Lower leaves kout Es inches long, broadly lanceolate, rather sparingly ser-
h
rate; those of the n merous branchlets very short. Corymbs with 6-20
; th e e
the summit. Flowers light purplish-blue.—W e have only seen West
C. ; which
dian specimens of E. ivefolium f. ch has more pointed leaves .
than our plant, but a appears scarcely to differ in other respects. "This is
Eben representative of alarge and marked group of neos American E
$2. Heads cylindrical, 5-10-flowered : scales of the involucre numerous, e s X
: series i the outermost
lored, obtuse, slightly striate, imbricated in
much shortest (style bulbous at the base): herbaceous i arge, mostly
verticillate : flowers purplish.
t, si nearly solid,
purpureum (Linn.): “stem stou rarely opposi e, n
piles t wA ae
nt or VB nie A eaves ld E acuminate, vein veiny, scabrous
E h and minutely dotted with resin
-—
82 COMPOSITE. Erie
es globules, ashy the teeth mucronulate; heads in a large compound
mb, 5-9- (rarely age snag achenia m ze eris r less
aditu. Jim. ! spec. (ed. 1) 2. p. 838; k. if. B m. b E
304; Darlingt. fl. Čest. p. 453. E. tinam, pt) i
reum, maculatum, verticillatum, ternifolium, & dubium, DC. / ph $
. 151.
a. stem tall, esee Lee. and glaucous, purple at the nodes (and
metimes thé ughout) ; s (5-6 in a whorl) large, win a coarsely
scrhiló, somewhat petiole d e rugosely veiny ; corymb very large, convex.
—E. purpureum, Linn. ! i. c. (excl. B-) & ed. 9. ps 11733 Wild. ! spec. -
- p. 1759 (partly); Ell. l. c.? &c.; DC.! l.c E. verticillatum, Willd.
l. c. be. fol. 1, & 2!) E. vifoliatum, Darlin ngt.! ec:
b gcn eur ! 1. ¢.): stem mostly striate or grooved, pubescent
and one or viscid bot , punctate with pu urple linear spots;
eld ( eium omes or fees ternate) ovane, slighty. tripli- nerven petioled ;
orymb dense, depress ed.—E. ves m, B. Linn.! l. c. ed. 1. E. macu
fins, Linn. ! amen. 4, p. CE ies ed. 2. p. 1174 ; mus Iles
Michz.! fl. 2. p. 99; Bart. rer ‘Amer. Sept. x uy Ell. l DC.! le.
E. pedati, Willd. ! enum. 2. 33 :
num, Pursh! l. c.—Varies, with the leaves oky rugose and scabrous-
pubescent both sides, or nearly smooth and glabrous ; ; either acute or acumi-
nate at each end (E. maculatum, Ell. l r ob t the base, an
rmost
sometime s even oer E. ursh, l. c.) ; and by other “forms
leaves, acuminate s and | coarsely serrate, (E. trifoliatum, ee fe
lingt. l. c.) ap Backing "ihe d n urpureum, so as to be
p g origi - pup
Bees i from its more slender states.
y- angustifolium : stem tall, glabrous and somewhat t glaucous, or pub
he summit, sparingly punctate with linear spots; leaves {commonly
i s we
p inear- oes ; corymb compound, panicu-
oose.—E. levigatu t. pl. New York. ee (in
— pe Y re the heads and flowers Beet white, the leave membre-
nac m^ re deeply serrate, &c.; when it is E. falcatum, Mich. ! fi
grounds. ees, and swamps, Canada! from the Mee on
and throughout the United States ! Aug.-Se em 3-7 or even 10 feet
- Involucre purplish or whitish ; the bao 12-18, B; sad "ihe exterior
very pest . closely poene ated, pubescent; the others linear-oblong and
2-3-nerved, short im than ns flowers. Corolla infundibuli-
ri tebar; the lobes" ovate-lanceolate, short, light purple or flesh-color-
vated less a small globose pubescent bulb at the base; the branches very
: aoe xserted.—This plant is sometimes seiplaped medicinally, as as a tonic.
8 3. Heads 3-many-flowered : scales of the somewhat cylindr rical o
panulate involucre 8-15, more or less imbricated ; the exterior shortest : E
opposite, sometimes verticillate or alternate. "den herbaceous, flowers white,
and. the corolla, achenia, Se. more or less dotted with resinous globules in all
the North American species.)
* Paniculate : heads 3-5 flowered : leaves alternate, pinnately lobed.
- > E. feniculaceum ( Willd.) : paniculately very much bráxched ; stem —
Besazonmwt COMPOSITE. 83
St SM leaves alternate, linear-filiform, ode the pos neam |
or bipinnately parted; the ga r faseicled, entire; heads very n
small, 3-5-flowered, on short pedicels; scales of the os SE cre 8-10 ; the
exterior very short ; the i idt mucronulate- acuminate, glabrous, slightly
margined ; achenia .glabrous.— Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1750; Pursh! fl. 2.
512; Ell. sk. 2. p. 294; DC.! mer. 5. p. 176. A iniculoides, Wait.
Car. p. 199. Chrysocoma capillac a, Miche.
B. glabrum : stem and ban ches abia qo rac emose-spiente divisions
of the panicle somewhat fastigiate.—E. leptophyllum,
Y. lateriflorum : slightly agnitus: — of the ia de loose, m
ard
E. feeniculaceum f. p^ bon's. DC.! pe c. Aue st partly.)
Fields, in damp soil, mostly near the c DA IL and N. Carolina! to
Florida! 5. Georgia, Mr. Herbemont ! (in herb. D uby § DC.) &c. Florida,
Dr. Leavenworth! y. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! Sept—Oct.—Stem
3-10 feet high; the branches terminated by the elongated — anicles.
Flowers Sellos ish: white (sometimes sprinkled with purple, Ell.) very
small. ee Ny tubular-infundibuliform ; the teeth very short, minutely glan-
se. i as in E.
. feeniculaceum f De Candolle seems a cultivated state of
ar. y., which is a so mewhat remarkable form; the heads however being
= 5-flowered. —Dog-Feni
. E. ceste omer ab. paniculately branched; stem pubescent; | ~~
leaves mostly alternate, pubescent or nearly glabrous, punctate ; the lower
ones pinnately xt lobed, pe lobes linear ; the others linear, mostly entire,
fascicled or crowded ; heads numerous, ‘scarcel dicelled, 5-flower
‘scales of the involucre about 10, lanceolate, mucronulate, slightly pubescent,
ith scarious margins; the exterior short and imbricated ; achenia Dert pra
k. 29.
wi
Willd. ! b Zep. 1750 ; : | Pursh, ix - s p.994; DC.! prodr.
about twice the size of those of E. cniculaceum, white; the
eral, achenia, pappus, &e. similar. Style with a minute bulb at the
* * Corymbose : eges 5-15- (rarely more than 20-) flowered.
t Leaves sessile or nearly s 80, mot clasping or connate: heads 5- (rarely 7-9-) flowered.
/
f
5. E. pinnatifidum (Ell .): pubescent; stem fastigiately Oa Ue E t the
summit; leaves laciniate-pinnatifid, with the segments linear and entire or
toothed, pubescent be neath, sprinkle ii more resinous ioa: the lower
Mer quaternately verti igre the others opposite or mostly alternate ; heads __
; very oro us, oos — scales of be Suvoluere "n" n
oblong ` or e, pubescent and sprinkled w
om achenia : sparsely rises eed ^y sk. 2. p. 295; DC. oy ka p 1176,
ut not of
mp so rue cx "the middle districts e Kee ce NM Middle Florida,
= Sandy woods o a, Mr. Curtis! —Stem 3-4 feet
high. Leaves lanceolate, 1-3 inches es long doepi and unequally laciniate-
pinnatifid, Sid swen above, m pobescent and more Cons;
ously dotted with E Shi ning globules beneath ; the lower segini mb looo ;
usually t ater or laciniate. Branches of the fastigiate cory p
\
.. 6. E. hye
loosely corymbose at the summit; leave
84 COMPOSITE. EvrPATORIUM.
the heads not larger than in E. coronopifolium. _— infundibuliform,
attenuate below, and abruptly dilated at the base; the teeth v eei — =
andular externally. Pappus as long as the polla. pees
scattered — ae —Our plan ears to be that of Eliot, ‘although
e the lower — leaves, an
7—9-flowered. "The styles in our specimens are often all included within
the corolla at every stage, and with short very obtuse lobes. Two or three
flowers of each head, however, often present the branches of the style elon-
gated and much exserte described Py Elliott. The same t "pe occurs in
faenum rom ): stem io pubescent, simple or branched,
pposite or verticillate, and often
fascicled in the scili i uppermost alternate, linear or lanceolate, rather
obtuse, tapering d acute at the base, minute ely pubescent, puncti on
both sides, 3-nerved, the upper ones 1-nerved, entire, the lower ones spar-
ingly t toothed or dadha heads d scales of the involucre 10, shorter
an the flowers, very pubescen t, gland ular; the outer ones short; the others
linear-oblong, obtuse, with slightly scarious margins; achenia glabrous and
usually glandular.— Linn. / spec. 2. p. 836 (pl. Dill. Elth. & Pluk.! t. 88,
J: 2); Willd.! spec. 3. p.1749; Ait.! Kew (ed n 4 £i 505. E. lineari
folium & E Paola (chiefly), ! prodr. 5. E. rto
at : ; Michz.! fl. 2. p.97 ENEA: Willd. ! l.c.
vs
B. leaves mostly verticillate, very narrowly linear, elongated, entire
y- leaves seldom verticillate; the lower ones rather bro oadly lanceolate,
— veined, coarsely gerrate-toothed.--- E. linearifolium, Michx. ! l. €
E. i C. flee
ó. BR usually [eed verticillate, ee a rather large and -
serrate-toothed.—E. Torre m, Short! cat. Kentucky plast, 2nd suppl. i
ry mostly sterile soil, fom diee oast of Massachusetis! and New Jersey i
to Florida! and Wester douces 8. Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman:
nob: ar the
Leaves commonly 13-2 inches long, pd thick. an nd rigid ; the lateral nerves
ewha :
the
nsensibly in
Lope abundantly "iren bat I Michaux ne justly
: united them. Our arieties 8. & 6. taken by themselves, would never
e thought the same pecie but we are cable to separate them.
7. E. leucolepis: stem mostl divari-
y simple, puberulent; leaves opposite,
cate, esie or cae obtuse, close E ssile, serrate, very scabrous on
both sides,
ne back, white and scarious at the su , as E wm.
achenia minutely Tarer y EE) B- coat lepis, DC. i
(par Ceres Michz. L c. partly (er herb. 1); P ursh !
a «I gen. 2. p. 135. E. oe Ell. sk. 2-
EvPATORIUM. COMPOSITE. 85
Alabama! and Western Louisiana! Aug.—Oct m 2-3 feet high.
Leaves spreading or divaricate, rather rigid, Dop e verticillate, sel-
dom fascicled in the meis uppermost rarely alternate, both surfaces of a
pale glaucous hue, the midrib prominent beneath ; the De ones 2 or rarely 3
inches in length, nd deus one-fourth to nearly half a wide, serrate
with appres eeth; the upper narrower and serrate, or
sometimes entire. Corolla, &c. nearly as in E. hyssopifolium ndages
of "ed Pas rw pins e I m es of the style exserted.—This has
som frs confounde E. Aie but is readily distin-
at the summits feted very "abor rt, opposite, or the PE
cu at the slightly petioled, tripli-nerved or 3-nerved from the
s towards the
ed on the loose tomentose branchlets of the corymb ; scales of the involucre
8-10, very pubescent, sprinkled with yum obtuse ; snore iu pE gar
dular.— Willd. ! spec. 3. p. 1753, notof DC.! E. glauc scens, Ei
2. p. 303. ^ — oe IE mcd ex herb. !) E. hyssop ar
pro
Shady on s. Co lind Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! pu
n
iet an inch ve of a pale glaucous nei both sides, very ibit, the
J
2-4 obtuse teeth on adi side towards the summit. Involucre, flowers,
Pappus, &c. nearly as in E. hyssopifolium.
- E. parviflorum (en) yt oramus —— branching ; leaves
opposite, or the lower sometimes ternate, and the upper frequently marii
ries, s
Obtuse ; achenia renes or ies ui Furor dull ! sk. 2. P €
` Hook. ! i Sanit lo bot. mag. 1. p. 96.
tonia alin Raf 3 i uper DC., & herb. Durand.
B. : stem or branches strict, glabrous below corymbose at the
Mii: ieva opposite (sometimes ternate), lanceolate, patie er rigid, almost
So aie 8, acute, serrulate above the middle, tripli-nerved or 3- nerved ; the
. Rerves sparingly anastom:
Dam j soil, Virginia! u a! to id Florida! Alabama! and Western me
isiana! 8.L ouisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Louisiana and Texas,
wide, varying from scarce ly a acu e to peer dem sometimes serrate nearly to
the base ; the baat € firm. Heads about as aea as in E. i-
] m, crow nvi ie shorter than the De our var. f. the
eaves are smaller, Bess z glabrous, and rather narrow y lanceolate, resem-
ur d the upper leaves dr T. parvifloru m, with which. it ag sin
ih ovas e had adat it Edd st! species, ut pee oe x kie
rm te states, we are is a mere
florum. The E. ambiguum of Hooker is said to have Apo e du :
86 — COMPOSITR. Enrere
cres; we find only 5 in specimens distributed from Drummond’s collection;
but two heads may occasionally become confluent, as happens in some other
xe
AE os wipes (Linn.): stem stout, tomentose-pubescent, corymbosely
= pene at the summit; leaves opposite, nearly sessile, lanceolate, some-
rv
ory rous; heads
scales of the ccm iod 10, linear-oblong, obtuse, pubescent or tomentose
and glandular, imbricated, shorter than the flowers; achenia obscurel
angled, somew hat glandular.— Linn. ! spec. 2. p. 837 ; Jacq. hort. Vindob.
( 3. : : .
$2 . p ; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 514; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 177. E. rupestre
& E. (BM Enid ue de I Kohnin glutinosa; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 127 (spec.
Ell. !), "s aci Ell. !
barren soll, reds Ohio! and throughout the Western
States! d the western portion of the Southern States! * Florida," Rafines-
que ! Sept.-Oct.—Stenz 3-7 feet high. Leaves 3-4 inches op resem-
m
ost tomentose. Heads rather Sda Lobes of the corolla ovate-lanceolate.
Style slightly enlarged and pubescent at thè base ; the evi ure elongated
d. Pappu us ooh remotely scabrous-serrulat
- 11. E. album (Linn.): stem pubescent, corymbose at the summit; leav
ating sessile, broadly aan, oarsely serrate-toothed, veiny, punctate,
r less pubescent and scabrous; i kochés of the corymb fastigiate,
ERE be cra 5-flowered, glomer Kd scales of the involucre 10-14, closely
imbricated, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, white and scarious above,
mostly longer than the fl ; the exterior usually pubescent snd at length
i es; — glandular. a. mant. E
spec. 3. de 52 CA.
Mic obes
corolla ovate-lanceolate. Style Gunoi in cluded, but sometimes
o gn exserted. Pappus iter. barbellate-serrulate
12. E. teucrifolium MEL ): stem roughish- TERRES corymbose at t!
~~ summit; leaves oppos: uppermost very frequently alternate), posila,
or truncate at the base, slig
rs of swam, ps and cbe "ence eec New Jersey! and Dae
ial to neas ! an iana! —Sept.—Stem Ae feet high,
rather slender. Leaves ie — long, inb as to the serratures, which —
EUPATORIUM. COMPOSITÆ. 87
s often very coarse and irregular, sometimes even and more numerous
upper leaves sut. usually lanceolate Or deltoid- lenei tapora
fro the base to the apex, but us FE rather obtuse, often entire, except a
bs
few coarse teeth near the base, occasionally deeply incise mbs small
and dense, often somewhat paniculate. Scales of the involuere with scarious
margins, little longer than the mature achenia A ihe fic name of Will-
spec
denow and that of Michaux were published during the dian year (1803).
: E. rotundifolium (Linn.): stem densely pubescent, corymbose at the
shinies leaves opposite, roundish-ovate, mostly obtuse, truncate or some-
what cordate at the base, sessile, tripli-nerved, veiny, scabrous and pubes-
cent, pale or somewhat hoary and glan — beneath, doe py d edens —
of
corymb fastigiate ; ben s 5-flowered ; scales the involuc ery pu-
bescent, glandular ; the exterior very s eim the gear vein lanceolate, ab-
ruptly acute or Beintünste: ge shorter. than t owers; achenia glan-
dular.— Linn. ! spec. 9. p. 837 Willd. ! spec. 3. p MAT Miche. 2 2.
. Bor e ; DC.!
prodr. 5. p. 178. . Ma cilium, f Walt Car I. 180. ex ~ Eisen
ry ste
New iar to Florid a! A ra quet ! and Texas! Jul
feet high, —— Leav 2 inches long. Pappus a little (onsen
E aes E,
14. E. TIRE (Muhl.): stem very pubescent or somewhat hirsute,
corym ly branched at the summit; leaves opposite, ovate, mostly acute,
dum, Ell. l.c. p. 299? a Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 296. Ve 2
Here dee B. : tims Torr.! in DC. l-e. E.obovatum, Raf. in
assach: us = Ne ew Jers ey! Pennsylvania, and probably in the Southern
States, in similar situations with the prece ceding. Aug.—Sept.—Stem 9-4 feet
L
near the , rather ob sely serrate ; the teeth (as in the pre-
Ceding) either simple and equal, or occasionally unequal, thus becoming
somewhat doubly serrate. Scales of the involucre with scarious summits.
rolla, pappus in E. rotundifolium, which it sometimes appro
Co pa ach
perhaps too closely ; but = heads appear to be uniformly more than 5-
flowered.—The specimens in Willdenow’s herbarium Doirani fol. p
passas d belong to this asians but that author states the heads to
t t Leaves closely sessile or partly clasping at the base, or sometimes connate:
heads 10-20- (rarely 5-) flowered.
j
15. E. oe pete ) : glabrous; stem corymbosely branched = ~
m opposite, close ges or partly clasping, distinct, rounded at
x, sharply serrate, vein , obscurely punctate and paler beneath;
rnb Lime y ae ied 5-flowered ; scales of the involucre 10,
imbrieated somewhat in a triple series, oval or oblong, obtuse, canescently
88 COMPOSITAE. EvPATORIUM.
)
à
ubescent, glandular ; rd prety Duran —Linn. ! cag? 2. p. 837;
Willd.! m 9. p ; Michx. ! fl. 9. p. 98; Pursh! fl. 9. p. 5133
Ell. LL. a R 4. Bos : ed. 2. p ; 995; Darlingt. Jl. Cesl; p. 451; ; DC!
odr. 5. p. 1 E an, d Ell. sk. 2 2. p. 298.
Borders of cei ath Massachusetts! New York ! asc ur and
along the Alleghany Mountains to Georgia! and — Aug.-Sept.—
Stem 2-4 feet high, much branched
observed the smaller ani Ma Lobes of the corolla ovate- lanceolate- Style
moderately exserted ; the base minutely bulbous and villou
16. E. perfoliatum (Linn.): stem stout, very aides cs or villons-hirsute,
cory ly branched above; leaves opposite, connate-perfoliate, divaricate,
lanceolate, elongated, tapering gradually from the base to see acaminate
apex, obtusely serrate, veiny, the veinlets reticulated beneath, rugos
bescent, the lower surface usually almost tomentose-pubescent and orinkled
with resinous dots; b fastigiate, compound ; the h commonly 10
flowered ; scales of the involucre 12-15, pubescent, glandular, imbri
cated ; the e inner ‘alee ur young. with scarious tips; achenia glabrous
or ane. glandular.— speg: 9. p. 838; ode Koc z 761;
Pursh! l.c.; Ells "302, Bigel.! med. bot
: (05
Bost. ed. 9. p. 997 ; Raf. med. bot. t. 36; Dorset T. "Cost. p. 451; ;
- Bor.-Am. 1. p. 305; DO? odr. 5. p. 1 5l.
eaves glabrous above, pues only on the midrib and veins of the
lower surface ; heads E. Eh d!
ube
and truncate ar the’ "base ; the uppermost frequentl > alters
hl. in Willd. t fpes 3. p. 1751; not of Ell., simui of
C. E. salviefolium, Bot. mag. t. 2010.
ô. smaller; leaves mostly narrowed at the base, distinct or slightly con-
nmm cuneatum, Engelmann!
Swampy ege Canada ! Uwe “Missouri! and throughout = eee
States! abundan 9. Arkansas, near Little Rock, Dr. Engelmann! July-
Sept. et "high. Leaves often 6-8 inches long, stall perfectly
connate at the base, where they are widest, decote arely ternate and
by the confluence of several heads into one, and the scales of ‘the pee
are likewise increased in number. The same t ing we suspect ee
occurs in E. sessilifolium, and perhaps in other species. The E. tru a
of Muhlenberg and Willdenow, according to herbarium of the latter, is n
ing more than a of this species with the upper leaves disjoined p
18. E. resinosum (Torr. n lvety-puł , simple, or corymbosely
branched at the summit ; leav s opposite ly sessile or egi clasping
at the be, linea lanceolate, elongate spread ing or divaricate, attenuate-
acuminate, evenl ; pinnately veined, “ioniy glabrous
above, minutely kukajo aarahi se ath, both surfaces glandular and
somewhat viscid astigiate, compound ;
nt
les.— Torr.! in DC. EE 5. Ki e
2 e pine ew Jersey, n Quae er
Bridgo and Wading River! Also ^ Punneylvaniey”- Bartra n herb.
Banks. under the name of E. canescens.) Aug. Ropon ciet grow-
EUPATORIUM. COMPOSITÆ. -
ing in tufts, 2-3 feet high. Leaves 4-6 inches long, or often shorter, 4 to 5
lines "tes pale, rather membranaceous, cohering to the paper in the pro-
cess of drying, on account of the numerous resinous globules intermixed with
the close scd nce. Heads rather small, very numerous. ecd
short. Style moderately exserted.—This very distinct and apparen y very
local om was discovered in the year 1833, by one of the poi of this
ied athe pine barrens of New Jersey, where it occurred abundantly,
Ehin never received it from any other na n the Banksian
Didin: Sesa er, there is a specimen from Bartram, e; aià to have been
collected in Pennsylvania. In habit it teles bos E. leucolepis; but the
leaves are rather A and clothed with a very soft pubescence, and the
involucre is differen
t t t Leaves on slender petioles: heads 12-15-flowered.
- E. serotinum (Michx.) : stem pulverulent-pubescent, much branched
eg leaves opposite, the upper frequently alternate, on sle nder petioles,
ovate-lanceolate, tapering above, iuto tripli- Wah me m pubescent
serrate ; corym merous, com-
pound; heads 12-15-flowered ; scales of the DINE 10-13, - incer- diit
With scarious margins, very put imbricated ; pup cvm. sel-
dom Miner: —AMichz. ! fl. 9. p. 100 ; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 304 ; DC.! prodr.
pl
eai il, N.. Carolina! to Georgia! and Illinois! to Arkansas! and
sena. ‘Sept. -Oct.—Stem 5-6 feet high, usually diffusely and some-
what paniculately branched dea the branches either — or —
Leaves 5-6 inches long; the lower ones narrowly ovate, with numerous
coarse often ce id teeth ; those of the brandhies de pen few unequal
teeth towards the base. Heads very numerous, rather small. Pappus about
the length of the Sidik &
$4. Heads 8-30-flowered : scales of the campanulate involucre 8-20, nearly
equal and in a single series: herbaceous : leaves opposite or rarely alternate,
ovate, petioled, not punctate or sprinkled with resinous globules: achenia not
glandular : flowers white or purple.
ageratoides (Linn. f.): glabrous; stem branching; leaves opposite,
ightly cordate, — tripli-
» membranaceous, coarsely and sharply serrate ; corymbs « und;
heads 12-20- -flowered ; scales of the u 12-14, equal, in a single
series, narrowly lan sca "€ and rather obtuse at = dee slightly
posent and idle: rolla wed below, er de e — it,
nger than the idus: achenia 1 gita Linn hat p. 3
Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1765; Pursh T4 2. p. 516; Ell. sk. 9. p. 303; Bigel.
Jl. Bost. ed. 9. p. 298; — dr Bor.- Am. 1. p. 305; Dartingt: f. Cest.
P- 451; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 175. = urtieefoliam, Reich. syst. 3. p. 719;
Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 100; not = Linn. f. & Smith. E. cénodifoliudi; Dc.
l. c.? E. caule c— xà Linn.! hort. Clift p. 396. Ageratum altissi-
and +a common, part icularly in the Northern States. ae ee
Stem 2-3 feet high; Pen ieksh and branches a little pubescent. Leaves
dilated and obtuse or truncate at the base, sometimes abruptly taper-
bur the petiole; the latter 1 to 2 inches in prm, Flowers pure white,
-very numerous, exhaling a somewhat pee Lobes of the
ovate, glabrous. Style mu
= vOL. H.-12
90 COMPOSITE. EUPATORIUM.
. E. aromaticum (Linn.) : pese or somewhat glabrous;
-i € ‘simple or loosely corymbose at the mit; leaves opposite, on short
les, or sometimes almost sess ide, ov emi subcordate, or ovate-oblong,
ather acute or obtuse, rarely acuminate, 3- — or tripli-nerved, of a
thickish and firm ge T; scabrous-pubescen ather obtusely dentate-
serrate; corvmbs loose, somewhat panicled: a S 8-20- (commonly 12-15-)
red ; scales of on fears e 10-14, linear- dici D nearly equal, pubes-
cont gers slightly scarious sid m Miss corolla narrowed below, cam-
panulate at the summit, rather exceeding the pappus; achenia glabrous.—
inn.! spec. 2. p. 839 (fide herb.! & syn. Pluk.! dp nos Ur Willd. !
ec. 3. p. ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 100; Pursh! f. 2 . ; Ait.! Kew.
(ed. 2.) 4. p. 508; = ! sk. 2. p. 304; Bigel. fl Lo . 998;
Darlingt.! fl. Cest. ; DC.! prodr. 5 tum, Walt.
Car. p. 199; fixe: "s smaller-leaved forms.) E. melissoides Willd.
l. c. p. 1754. (a dwarf form; heads about 8-flowered!) E. ceanothifolium,
ra l. in Willd. ! spec. l. c. "(fide herb. Willd.; but the tiende. at least 12-
Sred. instead of E zd Ell. ! tee. (leaves small, peter ies
8-10- p '); DC.! l.c. (leaves larger, acuminate, nearly glabr a
& E. “Sa Poir. suppl. fide DC. (Eupatorium, pea
t. 672 d
ut i
and much firmer leaves on shorter petioles, fewer heads, but usually larger
- flowers. The root is perennial.
- E. ageratifolium (DC.): shrubby, glabrous; the branches terete;
P dits opposite, petioled, broadly ovate, somewhat truncate at the base, at-
` tenuate at the apex, obtuse, coarsely toothed, 3-nerved, not glandular; co-
edicels at vi
y pubes-
red; scales of the involucre in a double series,
rather gem iiy ciliate at the apex, at length pion g; pappus
as long as the co: € iae a puberulent, the angles somewhat scabrous.
C.! r ^e
B. Texense : d ibus ; pedicels, petioles, and Boone! the veins of the
_ leaves minutely puberulent ; heads about 12-flow
Limestone rocks, Sabina’s Creek (Camanc i cas Tex xas, Dr. Riddell! (8-)
—Shrub 6 feet high; the branches terete ; the branchlets slightly angled.
Leaves in shape and texture wholly resembling many forms of E: aromati-
lar. e
m 0.
pee or nearly so; the exterior scales 4—6, linear, rather acute,
er and bracteola: ate; the inner about the same number,
her broader, with narrow scarious margins, somewhat obtuse, bec
. ciliate at the apex. Corolla “ white, slightly tinged with rose-color" (Rid-
dell), dilated upwards, scarcely longer than the pappus; the teeth short,
i A ios uberulent, and a MERE somewhat viscous.— The
pe exactly with De la Sagra's Me from
Cuba, except Pm 2
| 83. ae pe tems oboe stem rere ocho. © branching; leaves
tioles, membra deltoid, t te or subcor
^ Ate (rarely coe obt s x oid, truncate o wie.
ly e 5 3-nerved at the base, slightly pubescent; T4 :
E panicled ; heads 20-flowered ; scales of the i involucre
nearly ere Lene few of the outermost shorter,) in a somewhat double
Evpatoricm. COMPOSITE. -91
series, subulate-linear, acute, 2-nerved, slightly pubescent; m about the
length of the iifundibolilorme — corolla; achenia glabro: — Walt. Car
p. 200 M sk. ! prodr. 5. p. 175.
Rich "3 Carolina ! to Florida! Losan and Texas! Sept--Nowv.
ga 2-3 feet high, at length decumbent and producing numerous branch-
Leaves 1-2 inches long, the lat = nerves pedately branched from me
base ; — rather shone than the lamina. Heads s nearly as large a
E.a oides. Lobes of the corolla light purple, very short, ovate, ^ X
glabrous. Bra Eee of the sli ghtly exserted style very obtuse.—Considera-
bly ogee Conoclinium ceelestinum.
24. ccidentale (Hook.): nearly glabrous; stem (or branches) —
leaves z Dais (rarely era on short Siesta ovate, acute or acumi-
e
nate, tripli terris coarsely and sparingly se ; the uppermost nario
EY mall and inis pm i ure heads 15-25-flowered ;
of the conca inear, acute, eet equal, in a single series ; corol
"dp. ! fl. Bor.- A
sca
infundibulform ; otg € Lise —— .! fl. Bor.- Am. PE TET
C. ! prodr. 5. p. 176.
p- 286.
ser.) 7.
Interior of Oregon, in Mee places, Douglas! Nuttall '— Plant 6-12 A:
owers white or pale rose-color. Styles much exserted. Lea
iios an inch long.
Eupatorium luteum of Rafinesque doubtless belongs to some other genus; but it
will never be identified by the following character: “ E. luteum (yellow Eupatory) ;
leaves linear, cuneifo acute, entire, smooth ; ‘to paniculated; calyx 4-flow-
ered —In New a Raf. à n med. repos . (hex. 2.) 5. p. 361.— olium and
Eupatorium Prion lanum of Sprengel, and of —— (in. gated ll. p.
5), which came fro - we est ‘Indies, and not from South America
States, is a genuine of Vernonia, (fide. s e. in Aerb. ers: Prof.
Schlechtendal must E. vois the double Sa
17. MIKANIA. Willd. spec. 3. p. 1452; DC. prodr. 5. p. 187.
Heads mostly 4-flowered. Receptacle naked, narrow. Scales of the in-
voluere 4 or 5. Corolla dilated or campanulate at die summit, 5-toothed.
Anthers partly exserted. (Style with a cylindrical glabrous bulb at the
base; the branches exserted, filiform, scarcely obtuse.) Achenia angled.
Pappas in a single series, capillary, scabrous.—Shrubby or or herbaceous
mostly climbing plants (chiefly tropical and American), with opposite com-
EEN cordate leaves. Heads corymbose, panicled, or spicate. Flowers
whitish.
1. M. scandens be ag s stem gets. twining ; leaves on slender peti-
9les, cordate, acumin di rengin or angularly toothed towards the
ra
r pubescent, or
ile F the cac cfe: lanceolate
Linn.!
es
ES - COMPOSITE. MikANIA.
Moist shady places, m gen streams, Mestehot to Louisiana!
common; the more pubescent forms occurring in the Southern States.
July-Sept.—Flowers purplish-white or flesh-color. gren appendiculate
at the aper
18. CONOCLINIUM. DC. prodr. 5. p. 134.
Heads many-flowered. Involucre campanulate ; the scales linear or sub-
ulate, somewhat imbricated in 2-3 series, nearly equal. Receptacle naked,
conical! Corolla tubular-infundibuliform, 5-toothed at the summit. Anthers -
“ included. Branches of the style somewhat cylindrical, obtuse. Achenia
angled, glabrous. Pappus capillary, scabrous, in a single series. —Perennial
herbs or suffruticose (American) plants, with opposite petioled toothed leaves.
Corymbs terminal, crowded. Flowers blue or purple.
C. celestinum (DC.! 1. c.): birbécéod us, pubescent or nearly glabrous;
"feu deltoid-ovate, ofien isle cordate, tapering to the apex, coarsely
crenate-serrate, tripli-nerved, on slender pr tioles; scales of the (30-60-flow-
— involucre about 30, nearly subulate.— Eupatorium pape Linn.
spec. 2. p. 838; Willd. ! spec. > p. 1764; “Miche. 15919. 9 ; Ell. + Pp
306 ; Ben. ! fl. Cest. p. 462. Cublestina inde cus syst. 3. p.
m Beck! bot. p. 198 ; Hook. ! compan. to bot. mag. p. 96; not of Cass.,
Thickets &c. Pennsylvania, and throughout the Western and Southern
tates! Sept.—Stem 2-3 feet hi gh, sometimes hairy. Flowers light bluish-
purple, S dd Achenia oei with resinous globules. = ne ie e enus is dis-
tinguished from Eupatorium merely by the conical e cun
Subtribe 9. - TUSSILAGINE®, Less.—Heads with the flowers dissimilar or
somewhat dicecious t purplish, or sometimes yellow); the pistillate
either ligulate or tub
19. NARDOSMIA. Cass. dict. 35. p. 186; Los sym. p. 139. xdi
Heads many-flowered, somewhat diccious.
- the ray in a single series, pistillate, ligulate ; of th
but infertile, with the corolla tubular and 5-toothe
STERILE Pr. Flowers of
pai numerous, perfect
ERTILE Pr. Flow-
-ers of the ray in several series, pistillate, a ae ligulate ; those of the
disk | few, tubular. Scales of the involucre in a si ingle series, equal to or
shorter than
the flowers. Receptacle flat, naked. Achenia somewhat terete,
glabrous. Pappus capillary, that of the sterile plant shorter and less copious _
than of the fe fertile.— Perennial herbs (in N. Ame rica nearly confined to the
ie =, regions). Leaves radical, cordate, toothed | F lobed, gen e s
pearing with or rather later than the flowers. Scape with scaly bracts; the.
heads in a fastigiate thyrsus or corymb. Flowers purplish or nearly ¥
fragrant. i Ei E
ie -a
- N. frigida oo leaves cordate, unequall ly and sel
y coarsely t
Se d inii glabrous above, the lower seque white t
x Nanpossta. COMPOSITE. 93 . .
tomentose ; the lobes at the base A DC.—Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1
p. 307 (enel. P 7); DC. prodr. 5 N. augulosa, Cass. dict. L ie
Less æa, 6. p. 107. ue Ta igida, Linn. « Fl. Dan. GOE:
Pury oe = p. 531.. T. scapo imbricato, &c.* Gmel. fi. Sibir. 2. p.
t. 70
Arie rod from lat. 66°, Might Kotzebue's Sound! and Una-
schka! to Lake Winipeg, lat. the mountains of Canada, and the
dee mountains of Vermont and Nev ew Hampshire, according to Pursh.
corymbosa (Hook.) : leaves cordate, sinuate and acer denti ci
Bop. acute, glabrous M. tomentose beneath; the lobes at the base di-
verging. DC.— Hook. ! ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 206. uss de
bosa, R. Br. es Posi. ‘Ist voy. suppl. p. 269; Hook. & A
Beechey, p
rctic “ee ca, from —€— Island ! to | ipsios s en ! and d to
S Norman, in about 65°.—Corymb with few
N. sagittata (Hook.) : leaves boot acute, sagi ttate, entire; the lobes
asi; DC. (lea abe brine or reniform- -sagiti ate, sinuate-toothed, tomentose
beneath. Hook. |. c.—Tussilago sagittata, Pursh, fl. 2
ussi =p:
Hudson’s Bay (Hutchinson), Pursh. Swamps in the Rocky “Moun tains
(Drummond !) and from Lake Superior in lat. 48°, to Fort Franklin in lat.
66°, Richardson.—With numerous specimens before + we strongly suspect
{as Hooker also does) that this and the two preceding are hic gena one
i me-
- N. palmata (Hook.): leaves reniform or roundish-cordate, tomentose
beneath palmately 5-7-lobed ; the segments coarsely toothed, sep incised
obed.— Hook. ! Bor.- Am. 1. p. 308; DC. N. pal-
mata, iliko & speciosa, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. ote. pé F
p.988. Tussilago palmata, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 188, t. 2; Willd. ! spec.
3. p. 1972 ; Pursh! fl. 2. p: 531 ; Beck, bot. p. 199-
Swamps and shady banks of streams, No odiund & Labrador! zt
from Bear Lake, lat. 67°, to the Rocky Mountains! and to the Pacific at the
mouth of the Oregon! Also Lake Huron and Maine, Nuttall. Fairhaven,
: i, Mr. bi :
toc: Saratoga, New York, Dr. Steele! April-May.—Leaves some-
s 10 to 12 inches in € aeter, when fully developed. Scape stout, 6-20
inches high, with numerous 3 lea a e aths. Heads numerous, in a corymbose
thyr rocky Mountains are noticed by Hooker,
4 z 10 this species, m the preceding perhaps
uttal jokeriana is said to be founded upon the N.
palmata of Hooker, as well as ‘of Willdenow, Pursh i in part, anc a ponian :
Bs speciosa is the N. peg of Hooker from Oregon specimens
ord so well with the figure of Aiton, € oo ie plant " ie Northern
Un ited States, &c. (which presents very considerable diversities in size and
s cm ge) that we see not | o be distinguished. Although the species of
he degree of division or v the ape The sub- — 5
ad subfeminine plants are pas appearanc =
USSILAGO. Tourn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 170; Less. syn. p. 199.
many-flowered, heterogamous. Flowers of the ray very narrowly |
, in sev several series, pistillate ; those of the disk yum
a - COMPOSITE. T'ussiLAGO.
of the conie campanulate, 5- -toothed), staminate: Scales of the involucre
oblong, obtuse, somewhat in a single series. Receptacle naked. Anthers
scarcely caudate. Style abortive in the flowers of the disk; in those of the
ray 2-cleft, the branches somewhat terete. Achenia of the ray somewhat
cylindrieal-oblong, glabrous; in the disk abortive. Pappus of the ray-
ve.
flowers in many series, of the disk in a single series, capillary.—A perennial 5
herb, common throughout Europe and Asia, and sparingly naturalized in |
northern portions of the United States. Rhizoma rather thick, horizontal.
m — radical, appearing later than the flowers, cordate, angled or toothed, >
ioled. Scape clothed with scaly bracts, tomentose, bearing a single h head.
F A yellow.—Colt’s-foot.
T. — gee Va Dan. t. 595 ; Engl. Y g 429; Willd. ! spec.
3. p- 1 ! prod 5P 208; Beck bt
Gre P p iw heallow in cultivated gronds s; introduced from
urope. March-April.—The Colts Seles well known article of the os is
lar thateria medica, althou hn t eiumerated by any dise write
91. ADENOEAULON. Hook. bot. misc. 1. p. 19, t. 15, & fl. Bor.-Am.
l. p. 308; DC. prodr. 5. p. 207.
Heads 5-10-fowered, heterogamous ; : the flowers all tubular and equal:
those of the ray 5, in a single series, pistillate; of the disk 4-5, staminate-
Corolla 4—5-lobed. Scales of the involucre several, án a single series, Te-
flexed in fruit. Receptacle naked. Achenia obovate-oblong or clavate,
_ bearing towards the summit numerous large stipitate glands. Pappus none.
—Perennial (N. American & Chilian) herbs. Stem leafy towards the base,
naked and paniculate above, clothed with a somewhat deciduous tomentose
pubescence, glandular towards the summit. Leaves alternate, pinnately or
palmately veined, membranaceous, petioled, glabrous above, tomentose and
canescent beneath. Heads few, small, loosely ponie Flowers ap-
parently white.
c hA nor (Hook.! l. e.) : leaves — neg ee pne
toothed or sinuate, somewhat decurrent on DC.
gi oli ium: leaves eame Pepa acan or slightly ety 7 e
te-toothed or —A. integrifolium, Nutt. / in trans. Amer.
phil. soc. (n R9.
; Dense woods, Oregon, from Fort Vancouver, &c. Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall !.
to the Rocky —: in lat. 52°, Drummond! Near the outlet of Lake
atch une.—Stem 10-30 inches high, slender. Leaves
2-4 inches long, and | ually about the same bread t the base sely
entose beneath with a close white arachnoid pubescence. Anthers r
tate, acuminate, sterile and nearly unconnected in the fertile flowers. Sty
paar gece flowers, in the fertile with two short obtuse lobes.- de i
rae ‘eaves is very ineo mime oe the o "does Mur Em o.
C
*
ASTEROIDER. COMPOSITE. 95
Trige IIl. ASTEROIDE Æ. I
Style (in the perfect flowers) etienne, above; the peen flat
or flattish, mostly linear or lanceolate; above equally pubescent exter-
á maly; the conspicuous stigmatic lines terminating where the exterior
pubescence commences, not confluent.—Leaves alternate, or rarely
"site.
“ay hy 4
ns CONSPECTUS OF THE SUBTRIBES.
E me
` Subtribe 1. Asrerinem. - Heads heterogamous and radiate, or homogamous, Re-
Did: seldom chaffy. Anthers not caudate. Leaves alternate . 9$
45 Div. 1. Asrzrem. Heads radiate, — (rays never yellow).
190 Div. 2. — OCOM Heads radiate, or homogamous, homochromous
(both the ray ind disk yellow).
Subtribe 2. P ABR eee Heads pala. or heterogamous, but never de n :
the pistillate flowers tubular, — or filiform, in ave ral series. Kecepfacle
P ot chaffy. Anthers not cau
ubtribe 3. TARCHONANTHEJE.- E. s dicci dis or Og ape -but never ra-
rent the ras flowers ee and very or hete mostly in oes series.
Subtribe 4. ndr Heads heterogamous and radiate, or WM Em d dis-
coid, never diccious. Receptacle not chaffy. Anthers caudate. es
ate fb
Subtribe 5. EcryPrEx. Heads het eterogamous, radiate. Receptacle chaffy. An-
thers not caudate. a toothed or awned, or none. Leaves opposite. Ze
Subtribe 1. Eo DC.—Heads heterogamous and radiate, or ho-
E never diccious. Receptacle seldom chaffy. Anthers not cau- -
- Leaves almost always alternate.
Div. 1. AstTEREZ, DC.—Heads heterogamous, radiate; the rays of
the c cyanic series (viz: white, purple, or blue, &c.); the disk-flowers yellow,
but frequently changing to "ins in fading. Receptacle not chaffy, except
1n à species of Corethro ogyne 2
CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA.
Subdiv, 1. Evasteres.—Pappus of capillary or rarely subulate ee 426
* Rays neutral or sterile. Pappus simple, capillary. uis
«39. GataTELLA. Append of the ciim triangular or deltoid-spatulate. Pap-
pus ofthe ray and disk similar.
23. 3. Consranocrn. Appendages of the style densely penicillate. Pappus of
. . the ray nearly or entirely wanting.
Pappus of the ray and disk similar (except in Erigeron § Phalacro-
loma), simple or d double ; the inner capillary. *
Ra — or numerous, in & s
je imb L diem mostly bi- -
Pappus simple, very u unequal.
e series, cem lucre obovate, much im
Leaves y pinnately
96 COMPOSIT®. ASTEROIDEE.
Senrcocanniiina pus simple, unequal. Den of the ray and disk few.
Involue ong, imbricated, aig
AsTER. — simple, copio Rays nume ee in asingle series. Invo-
lucre more or less e tee lao a eolate.
easton: Pa appus er ches (age Appian. or pon me exterior ee
ceous-subulate ha numerous, and often
o or more pk Suet of the inv bani nearly me almost in
ingle series. Keceptacle naked
28. PaE Pappus double; the exterior short and setaceous or squamel-
late-subulate. Rays i ina single series. Involucre imbricated.
* * * Pappus of the ray aud disk dissimilar.
29. ‘Townsenvra. Pappus simple; that of the disk competed o of C roble
lary bristles ; of | the ray short and petes Acheni
30. Cusrorim, Pappus do us the inner of 5 E bristle; the exterior of
o 5 hyaline scales. Achen ia nearly te
31. PEN Pappus of several very small, m 2 or more rigid and e:
larger bristles. - nia flat, margine
ABW suuis, 2. BELLIDEX.— Pappus none, or minute and coroniform.
32. BELLIS. Achenia obovate, compressed. Pappus no
33. ArnaNosTEPHUs, Achenia terete. Pappus a very minute crown.
LJ
Subdiv. 1. Evasterex.—Pappus, at least the inner, composed of capillary
or rarely subulate bristles. (Euasteree, Diplopappee, Erigereze, & Heteropap-
pee, DC
! 22. GALATELLA. Cass. dict. 37. p. 463; Nees, Ast. p. 158. (excl. spec.)
Galatea, Cass. (dict. 18, Ẹec.); Less.
$ Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers few (3-12), sterile, but usually
furnished with a bo style, and sometimes with one or two abortive
filaments ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre shorter than the
disk ; the scales closely imbricated in 3 or 4 series, sometimes obscurely 1
nerved or slightly carinate, destitute of herbaceous tips; the outermost
bracteolate. Receptacle al veolate, the alveoli toothed. Corolla of the disk
_ with a cylindrical tube, and an expanded deeply 5-cleft limb; the lobes lan-
ceolate-linear, spreading. Anthers exserted. Branches of the style (in the
disk-flowers ers) li inear, terminated by a short and deltoid- spatulate or tri-
D pad
AE Se
à, si y-villoas. Pappus composed of 3 copious rather rigid un
errulate-geabrous capillary - bristles ; that of the ray similar but es
erennial herbs (natives of Europe, Northern Asia, and the United
"we d the stems simple below, corymbose at the summit. Leaves alter-
nate, lanceolate or linear, entire, rather rigid, 1-3 nerved, veinless, often
ages es nctate. pum bees the fastigiate branches. Rays ert
. purple, or pe white nes Jute sometimes ue
= purplish
^ oe |
| ron mme perenne
us
£
i
GALATELLA. COMPOSIT#. 97
e two genera have vM nearly = zase geographical range The sterile
rays piit distinguish it from Aste - meris (species of Calimeris of
Und to which Aster enis Ait. belo
- G. hyssopifolia I in eae diei minutely scabrous; the co-
Prius branches num ves lanceolate- fiat. acute,
narrowed at the base, punctate, e six Be: ose of de brauchs small, sub-
ulate- eri ; involucre about half ge length B the d the scales acutish ;
he rior ovate-lance cola ather wt nds lien linear-oblong,
Xm membranaeeous p ; rays is uper than the e sk.— Nees, Ast.
p.160; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 255. -G. albiflora, dec dict. 1 p- 58. (under
- Galatea.) Aster hysoriin Linn. ! mant. A Willd.) spec. 3. p.
Au Pursh l fl. 2. p. Ell. ! sk. 2. p..3 ;
eaves tly l- sere ; rays 3-7, we exceeding the disk.—G. lini-
folia, Nees, l. c. ; DC.! L c. (excl. syn. Lin G.a pum Cass. = dict.
Sci. nat. 18. p. 58, fide Nas. Cayea linifolia, Nt. n 2. p.1
* Sandy daas and woods, New Jersey to Carolina," Pursh! rem “Oet.
—Stem 1-2 feet high, birict. Leaves 1-3 inches long. spreading, 1 -nerved,
and often with two less distinct lateral nerves. . Rays white, tinged with pur-
ple.—This is a very uncommon plant, if indeed it be a pare of Pit United
States. We have never on © ith an indigenous specimen, unless that in
Elliot's herbarium, commu ted by Muhlenberg, dunes prove to be so
ses
o
rays), but even to hav t with New Jersey specimens of E i e. i
loides. His G. leptophylla, a an Tw e species or unkno E
also conjectured to be a native of North America. The species rof Galatella
are still in much confusion
23. D T UM DC. prodr. 5. p. 215.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers neutral, numerous, in a single se-
ries; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the hemispherical invo-
lucre imbricated in several series, lanceolate or linear, with somewhat spread-
ing tips; the exterior shorter. Receptacle flat, obscurely alveolate, some-
times with linear chaff scattered among the flowers. Rays linear, elongated ;
the corolla of the disk cylindraceous, with 5 short (somewhat hairy) teet
Anthers tipped with a filiform-cuspidate appendage. Branches of the yh
linear, bordered with conspicuous ‘stigmatic lines, tipped with a dense peni-
cillate tuft of rather rigid bristles. Achenia of the ray none, or a mere rudi-
Be the disk cuneif rm or ares silky or tilag. ag simps
sg , OF
ous rather tat ur
E $
=e ra short. and unequa al brine. — Pordig herbs. or nek pixie (na-
tives of California), clothed with a soft and white, at length somewhat decidu-
Ous wool; the branches terminated by rather large solitary ie quens
numerous, linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate, mucronulate, cl ; the | i
radical and lowermost tapering into a petiole, serrate or toxthied towards the -
apex. Rays violet-purple; the disk eae Pappus turning reddish-brown x
purplish.
“Or
To this in teresting genus (founded upon a ©
Soe os € (32 |
us of Hoo : *
He species in mie Amat in Bee uttall, upon which he n established a m-
+ you. n.13 oY,
VOL. "
98 COMPOSITE. Ce ORETHROGYNE. E
3
re the Anian Pph © ae a
hrogyn inia
:
: 50 pm e. - the
a (ex redna the- chaff of the xi a we still strongly
suspect the y will Dire w 0 be the same species. The A.? tellus, Hook. & A
is s. d a different species, perhaps too near C. filaginifolia ia.
$1. l- Receptacle with linear iun e dar chaffy scales intermixed among
WETS, vsually if mabalicays, wanting in the centre of the head.
C. Cali liforn
stems and simple branches very woolly, leafy ;
aes incar lmceolate ktera, the lower ones lanceolate-oblong. taper-
. ing to se, sparingly toothed ; scales of the hemispherical involucre "
glandular-viseid, w ith somewhat | Spreading tips; achenia wd S ilky-
villous.— DC. ! aw €. j Hook. & Arn. ! bot mien suppl. p. 3
California, Douglas !—Leaves an inch or engih, wc woolly
- ike the stem, resembling a Gnapbalium. onde ‘rad, three fGen of an
h in diameter. Scales of the _involucre rigid; the innermost linear, as
long as the disk, scarious below: the exterior Becta entirely herbaceous
and glandular-viscid externally, abd also slightly woolly : the summit of the
branches likewise slightly glandular. Chaff of the receptacle narrow, sca-
rious, sometimes as long as the flowers and with herbaceous tips, E some of
1 reduced to hyaline eee not more than nes Vs aed ay of the achenia.
HC At $ i oth
ae diea t: 2. “Receptacle destitute of chaf.
tt.): very woolly; stem: very leaf , branching above;
aring zs “eaves fines puo late, suberect ; the
lowermost obl g-lanceolate, tap ring to the base, sparingly toothed ; $ scales
of the hemispherical involucre elaniular-viseid, with — spreading
ps; i entose;' ky-canescent.— Nutt. ! ans. Amer»
w): p- 290, excl. syn.
jc ss, Natali May—The r ray- -flowers (light bluish-
reel an. and ap-
"i d
e mpl rss The ilopeppus cab BR Lindl referred ies by
ui PE woes Di eteri
p
Si | ConETHROGYNE. COMPOSITÆ. | 99
first woolly- capescent, at length nen glabrous ; achenia cuneiform-oblong,
pang Bechet, 1 escent.—Nuit./ l.c. Aster? filaginifolius, Hook. pi
Arn rr TN p- TG. Diplopappus leücapllfilus, Lindl. in D
roar. T:
dd fees Capt. Beechey! St. Barbara, Nuttall !—Plant more
Senter” d "branched than the preceding, apparently pa o. suffruticose at
the base ; the eena similar, but looser an or deciduous. He
smaller; the scales of the involucre fewer, and not glandular « or viscid. Pap-
pos of the ray almost none. Young achenia turbinate and silky-canescent ;
en mature compressed and uppotely silky-pubescent. The sy resem-
ies.
À bles that of the preceding spec
4. C. tomentella : aem shrubby at the base; ehe Moschee slender, vod
leafy to tien summ s (of the branches T
oblong, eee ae tues of the short branchlet i peduncle crowded,
very small and bract-like, paming into ss o oo Aga tomentose scales
the somewhat turbinate i involucre; € X Opa —Aster? tomen-
tellus, Hook. & Arn. ! bot. Beechey p à
Monterey, Dr, is hey ! gf sit in herb. Hook.)—W'e have
seen but a single an ven “special N which has still smaller heads
than C. filaginifolia : i poss or slightly aper scales of the ovals
are pretty close y imbricated in 4 or 5 series, and. ually nto the
al
e
jos ]
©
3
a -—
pod
o>
a 0
-
branaceous, obtuse, but often slightly m the
Keiner g. The leaves of the branches are small, d etis soil: ; the Sube
oblong ; the lowest linear ; those of the proper stem unkno
24. DIETERIA. Nut in. trans. Amer. phil. soc. 7. p. 300. (on
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous (10-30), in a : single
ries, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the obomi or
turbinate involucre closely imbricated for the most part in several series,
linear, rigid, somewhat carinate, unequal, with herbaceous squarrose-spread-
ing or recurved tips. Receptacle flat, somewhat alveolate; t ibe alveoli
narrow, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style
ceolate, minutely hirsute. Achenia turbinate for; often compressed,
pubescent or silky. Pappus of numerous scabrous and rather rigid capillary
bristles, very unequal (in 2 or 3 series) ; that of the ray similar but frequently
shorter and less copious—Annual, biennial, or triennial Darke (n (n atives of
se pi and ee x:
brise, canescent or pulv erulent-pubescer
rarely entire, usually pinnately toothed or or
sessile. eads (often large) solitary or sev
mose branches. Ra ays purple or violet, rarely aie. the disk-flow- EY
OW lS. nish. ee
8 1. Scales of the involucre imbrü
- tips: leaves usually rigid, ee lo
the reS dd s radica
ear or oda
Fs
E
i, »
ae
Aa
100 * ; COMPOSITA. DiETERIA.
_* Corolla of the disk very Ins not dilated at the summit : appendages of the style ——
subulate- filiform fe RS
EI dX sex ciiin. de. viscidty beta pee simple; heads spi-
cate-racemose, often crowded ; leaves linear or what lanceolate, incisely
spinulose- E. eiie 0215) Saee Nutt ! in trans. Amer. phil.
soc. (n. ser.) 7 301.
- Denudated ids s of the Roc cky Mountains and Oregon, Nuttall !— Stems
about a foot high, mostly simple, E base and lower leaves minutely canes-
cent; the upper portion, involucr , &c. viscid. Heads rather smaller than
the following, scarcely a third of an inch in diameter, obovate or turbinate,
disposed in a close or crowded raceme or spike. Achenia, as in the other
species of th a narrow, canescentl y pubescent. i ery nearly allied
to the following specie
2. D. viscosa (Nut a pulverulently pubescent = viscid ; stems | 3
racemosely branched or somewhat corymbose; leaves linear. P or acu ard :
nate, incisely spinulose- ps rays 18-20) pur ne. —Nut ET
; * ‘With the 15 e eceding, parti | ye (18 ds Blu ff on ud Platte, Nut- a
— tall '—« Ste eli ples. often Suy viscid, ind ex — h the strong heavy tes j i.
^ . of Aster graveolens or Gnaphalium American aves sometimes near" — .
in or runcinate." Nutt.—Scales of thie turbinate involucre Puy
. numerous, linear, rigid, with short squarrose-recurved tips
qe
3. D. ape age hosed: Serta canescent, not glandular or pe ee
AN
A
onl
a
ye
i
'e
vain edes Pol eem ; the Srne es divaricate; radical FS
diver bow pebseisa or somewhat spatulate, strongly Bitam porc ; 73
Tux the u lin nom pa often neatly entire ; rays (12-16) short, pale blue or
urple.— Nut
— Denudated plains of the Rock: ioontáins a: E common, Nuttall!
x» cM - a foot high; ; branches — naked, with small leaves, spreading out
d ompound car; appus fulvous or white. JNutt.— The heads
are about tbe size of | ee apparently mete ovi obovoid or al-
most hn with rather br oader, fewer, and less acute, perhaps less
Tan oriant nd landular ‘or viseid) scales. The rays
r than the disk.— T hese spocie are
be found to pass into each other
=F
D. tncana: perennial? minutely canescent throughout with a very M
i soft p ubescence ; Re stout, r nely cae branche dise branches s often. t *
Sr d oi rs corymbose, ended by si ngle large heads ; leaves cuts
ig ulate e, entire, or frequently with a few laciniate mucronate teet th n
ih luere obovoid- -hemisplierica 1; the Tine ar slightly ‘glandular
i : coh cated in numerons series, with very a p — tips; rays
(about 30) dt sper a iolet; acheni y a VO inae
us, bot. ! bot. mag. t.
<b p. Tees e reg. t. 1693 ; Hock. bot. mag a 3382; DC Pee E
A x
tie
bins
s
te
Ciesla Dowie ! (p robably from the. interior.)— Stem stout, 1 1-2 feet
- Wigs anpsaeity a little woody at the base the branches simple or so
: ed, ascendi n
Serene teeth on dh liis near the itis Heads in the | —
out two-thirds of a in the | cultivated nearly an inch, in
sia including the "numerous and large broadly mee rays.—:
is is a genuine species ttall’s Dieteria, and the n es wy
of the genus. "The late Mr. r- Dougl alon (o have iet
specimens less
"The cultivated s ih Mee
— DIETERIA. COMPOSITJE. 101
“y
~- ted, the heads larger, the involucre more hemispherical, with narrower and,
more squarrose scales. ie
_* * Appendages of the style subulate or somewhat lanceolate: pappus more slender, —
Te D. canescens (Nutt.): minutely canescent with a soft pubescence; stem
low, ^ branched, corymbose ; leaves linear, entire ; Lu qe Low;
age ; scales of the obovoid involucre leheeoane acute, imbricated i
oS he slightly squares "ipe ; An ‘rs rather + lashes ends "lac.
ult. ! phil.
n trans. A . ser.) é p. E. Aster MsmEor ?
ou i xs : p. Th E bienni | pit. 2 2p. 1
er secede in denudated a ated sai soils, from p Arikarees to Fort ©
Meet on: Nuttall! (who alone has collected it.) Aue —-Oct.—Stem about a
foot high, divari cat Mio a fastigiate at the mit, bearing numerous
hands about as lar a Daisy. fous of he Seale rigid, canescent,
with i arte niah ‘dpe. Cauline leaves closely sessile, 1 = 2 inches long,
23931 2 lines wide. Appendages of the iM subulate- oe
ipe cm Fn pes erulenta (Nutt.): ciis ae scently — stem low, -
^. much branched from the base, the branches fastigiate, bearing few heads on
x 4 rather naked branchlets; leaves Bc or P aceulot ate ; -— lower “Cae hole.
M t edor spinulose-serrulate ; the uppermost entire ; i-
spherical involucr ceolate, EM imbricated in sts vertes Rond
at m TALI M towards eh sources of the Platte, Nuttall /—About Am ne
arly allied to the preceding: the Pos. smaller, the TE m
i Ee
AU esed less imbricated, somewhat Veil. A ppen the. Ame
subulate X CAR
A
$2. Scales of the hemispherical iniiai bhy E imbricated in abokt T
series, linear, with a short appressed somewhat cartilaginous base, an
elongated acute spreading” 5 --- tips : receptacle obscurely alveolate :
achenia obovate, many-striate : pappus of the ray and disk nearly equal :
leaves not rigid, pi innatifid a and b tds —Parrocunoma, Nae
‘ D. coronopifolia (Nut): p | and somewhat viscid fu
, scie from the base; the bra kee To ostly terminated by single (showy)
eads al and lower leaves iplusstifid; pe the upper r pinnatifid,
a winde. pre toothed or incised; rays (about 20) large, reddish-purple ;
villous.— Nu/t.! l. c. Chrysopsis (Pappochroma) - coronopifolia,
Nutt. ! in jour. gen Philad. 7
ry naked places along streams, from the Upper Missouri and Da
the Rocky Mountains, Mr. Wyeth ! Nuttall ! July—Aog .—Root annual or
biennial? Stems 6-10 i nches high. “ Heads -— as large as the garden
larigold.” Scales of the involucre with long a us very
onmi. Appendages of the "ye subulae Achenia large, com-
turgid, nearly as long as he pappus when mature. = Pappas
reddish brown, copi ious, rather rigid ; ud —-— in 3 or more unequal series.
cu^ ET
25. SERÍÉDCABPUS. Nees, Ast. p. 148; DC. ael. 5. ge
Aster 8 Leucocoma, Nutt. (1834.) uw um
| Heads 12-15-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 5, distant, pistillate; those
e of the disk t ubular, perfect. Scales of th
: imbricated 1
pa 3 * m a. n
E-i
| obovate-oblong or turbinate-cylin- *
obscurely
jo -— (whitish), approdi the ye T
~ 102 COMPOSITR. SERICOCARPUS.
, herbaceous, often spreading or squarrose. Receptacle small, alveolate; the
N
` alveoli toothed or lacerate-ciliate. Rays oblong-linear; the corolla of the
disk slightly expanded at the summit, 5-lobed; the lobes revolute, lanceolate,
acute. - Appendages of the style (in the disk flowers) lanceolate-subulate,
minutely hispid, longer than the stigmatic portion. Achenia obpyramidal,
short, densely silky. Pappus simple, composed of rather. numerous and
‘rigid unequal scabrous bristles, some of them thickened upwards.—Perennial
(North American) herbs, corymbose at the summit; with alternate entire or
- serrate sessile leaves. Heads in crowded corymbs, sometimes fascicled or
glomerate. Flowers of the ray white; those of the disk pale yellow, rarely
changing to purplish.
- 81. Involucre about the length of the disk ; the exterior scales oblong or oval,
closely appressed, with rigid herbaceous squarrose tips.
S. conyzoides (Nees): s ubescent, pagus angled: leaves
1. pu
ciliate, glabrous beneath, veiny, D eade -nerved ; upper ones oblong ~
à nceolate, often e entire ; t the lowermost spatulate- ead coar md €
rds the apex, tapering into a slender margined petiole ; involucre some-
what turbinate ; rays rather short; papp an racio OE 'ees, Ast. p. 150;
Darlin gt. ! Jl. Cest. p. 470 ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 161. Conyza asteroides S,
Linn. ! aei > p. 861; Walt.! eH P 204. Aste conyzoides, Willd.
e+ 2 ; Pursh! fl. 9. p. 555 ; Ell. ! sk. 9. p. 341; Nutt.! gen.
2. p. 56 (a 6. plantaginifolius) ; Bisel Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 311. A. Mari-
; Holficus ir Pluk. mant.), Michz.! fl. 9. p. 108. E cae d calycibus Squar-
.— rosis, flosculis, &c., Crono! f Virg. (ed. 1)
à x ; prarain ds, Sebas tts! to Fahr. common. June-Aug.—
Bs Plant 1-2 feet high. - Leaves rather firm, 1-3 inches lon Heads some-
. times solitary and pedicellate,. but usually sessile in FO " dusters. rege
: __ 3. S.tortifolius oo slight]
ghtly canescent with a minute dense pubescence;
e leaves short, spatulate-oblong. or obovate, entire, mucronulate, 1-nerved, obs
: x ; y punctate, spreading and usually 3 both surfaces. sin 3
AO ; . = i
s shorter than in the S. mee neus, but always longer than the
tus , (ta
duy margins, ivdisin «is 3-nerved or MEhdy s veiny, ardere
ate-sc
Sonar ; heads (small) glomerate at the e extremity of the fastigiate pedun- <
cles ; involucr Ecs aire A few-flowe red ; yay ae pappus wae
149; Hooks! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 14; Dar ringt t ca
; W.
T illd. ! spec. 2- p. 2024 ; d H 4. 2. r
; ; Nutt. . Ss fosa. a Michz.! 2.
RT M a 73 Pluk. alm. t. 79, f-2. Galatella pias e Lon.
18
ia ON lands, Canada! and Morther States! to Alabama! and pu 1
yh very common. July-Sept.—Plant pale ipei Lee abou
2 feet high ; the stems Mendez. often several fous ra r rons
caudex. Hea mold, close clusters, fe ew-flowered; the Pm of th
aii. white, with abrupt green tips. deae much locit
$ 2. Inelueré meaty Fare than the disk; the scales linear or narrowly-
» less rigid and. appressed ; the tips greenish but scarcely squarroses
x.
x
Ld
S
-
* o. Kc
SERICOCARPUS. COMPOSITE. | 103
n loose compound corymbs, mostly con ipee and bibracteate ; scales of
the eov] - aide narrowly oblong, with a x d spreading tips;
rays longer than copious white pappus.— l.c
t. p. 1l
oya "bifoliata, Walt. Car. p. 204. Aster deed Micha ia 2d m 109;
L4 sk.
1
"8. ‘Collins: leaves sparingly crenate-serrate.—Aster j|
linsii, Nutt. ! in jour. ipic Philad. 7. p. 82.
Barrens and dry pine woods, Vireinitl and North Carolina! to Florid
and Louisiana!. 8. Florida, -— Ware! Aug.—Sept. ae about 2 fects
high, branched above. Leaves 6-12 lines long, rigid.—Heads as + dared as in.
B gr Ee seldom clu Werf. Flowers d the disk 10 or more. Achen
short.—In a specimen collected in Virginia by Mr. Durand, the lower love *
are manly crenate-serrate, and the ative entire
- S. Oregonensis (Nutt.): nearly glabrous; leaves broadly em 4 is
Bahr acute, entire, 1-nerved, veiny, both sides and especially the m S
scabrous ; heads clustered in small compact corymbs ; scales of the eroien
involucre oblong-linear, 1-nerved ; rays longer than the Pa parei "
-achenia slender.— Nutt. / in ond. nes il. soc. (n. s er.) 7. .
. Oregon, Nuttall '—Plant appar ie rather lar arge and s stout, somewhat
noche e nches
> ba:
in the following species, about 15-flowered. Achenia not very densely silky,
nearly linear, yy. alf the pe of the pappus.— mde have reason to think
that this wi pro mere Berl of the succeeding; yet the exserted fes
k = SR a poeta character.
SE. S. ri dus (Lidat T ao wen eid A ur ie or ob-
eei. Obtuse, often mucronulate, e somewhat 3-ne ^ Mr
bot surfaces very Par E^ cartes pope hea
in small compac mbs ; scales of the turbinate 3nvolucre narcowty ob
long or inear, 1- served ; rays shorter than the” (white) páppues achenia
rather Slender. —Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 14, & in DC. l. c.
Nutt. ! l. c. (8. le icone) Galatella platylepis, Nees, in Pe Arn.
Low hills and gravelly soil, Oregon, around Fort Vane € ies g-
las! Dr. Scouler? Nuttall! July-Aug.—Plant 1 to 2 feet high; the sim-
Leaves an inch in length, rigid. Heads about 15-flowered, near-
ly as large as in S. cony ides. Inner scales 9r the involucre about the
P. inh of the disk, scarious; the exterior with somewhat squarrose greenish |
"A Raysi inconspicuous, but perhaps always eres and fertile. Ache- “a
nia i when mature about half the length of the pappus, not very densely Ed zh
26. ASTER. Tourn. inst. 40; . Linn. gen. no. 954. (excl. el]
Aster, Biotia, Tripolium, Heleusirudi & speciea, of Calimeris, DC.
- Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers i inasi ingle series, pistillate ; ; those
n ofthe disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre more or less imbricated,
_ ‘Usually with herbaceous or foliaceous tips. Receptacle flat, uero or
Tarely naked. Appendages of the style (in the id iae Bose
~Subulate, acute, rarely triangular or obtuse. Achen y com yressed.
Pappus simple, of numerous, often unequal, airt cap e BES |
sean! herbs, or rarely annual (Tripolium), chiefly uátives of a Y
rica. Leaves alternate. entire. or serrate. Heads corymbose, pain 5
: white, purple, or blue; the corolla of the E
ee
authorities u
HN COMPOSITAE. ASTER:
We are greatly indebted to several botanists apd public canines of this co
a use of their entire collections of American Asters; and we would especi-
edgments to tir Wm i
- n
we have enjoyed, our arrangem , probably the most difficult genus |
North American botany sibough 3 M pies of much la bor , is by no means so satis-
factory as could be dead. A h much remains to be done before our species
escribed fr an
ave Bubuess undergone great alterations in Ripe to say nothing of the
strong robb occasional hybridization. A large, and indeed increasing
number ese are only known as garden plants; iud itis probable that many
will mea rus identified with their original types; even supposing them to have
n derived in all i i n ert A
‘May remark, in viscera ae we are the more inclined to act upon
Victions, on account of th ry frequent and do disent even of v^ “highest
n this genus
re borate-campamidate the scales regularly imbricated in several
titute of herbaceous tips; the exterior successively
: receptacle actin: : rays 6-15: appendages of the style subulate-
: Jusquelahs, recurved or diverging, minutely hispid: bristles of the pappus
= fatkern Ag the inner series mostly. slightly:
M"
d, somewhat 3-angled or
+ co sus (Ait.): slender, often flexuous, terete; leaves
a eous, coarsely or eds ane unequally serrate with sharp
t, conspicuously acu e, all but eed uppermost cordate and
or E ads loosely coryni-
he disk; the p. 207; wia spec. 3. p. 2036;
of t
j thickened towards the 3
ales. o ae;
ro
We em dS
hones. COMPOSIT A. po
Pursh! fl. 1. p. 552; Ell. sk. 9. p. 365. A. i divericaten Linn. spec. € 9. p
873? (fide herb. 2 exch Ne Gronov. & per . Eurybia corymbosa, ‘Con.
dict. sci. n ; Nees, Ast. p. 143; Lindl.! bot. rec. t. 1532;
Hook. ! JU Bor. -Am. 2, Y {G Darlingt. » "unt. p.469. Biotia corym-
ced prodr. 5. p. 265.
woodlands, Canada and eris n Ribes! to the middle country or
iie ins of the Southern States! J ug.—Stem 1-2 feet high, gla-
brous, or pubescent towards the summit, go re it branches into a loose (often
somewhat aegiy) ec orymb. Leaves very thin and membranaceous, 2-4 or 5
inches lon Eon ongly serrate with sharp and spreading rather distant and
feos irregular p /'hich are tippe conspicuous mucronate-acuminate
$ qo E glabrous or or spa rsely hairy Bi e, and often hairy on the midrib and
eneath, as also the slender petioles, varying from. E a t9.
ate- diesel e, but all except the uppermost cordate ; the upper with -
margined. petioles the uppermost sessile anc epar serrate
smaller than in the following species, the outer scales of the involucre
lnoorh.: except the ciliate-pu escent margin) rounder and less rigid. Pap-
pus tawny. Achenia nearly glabrous when mature.—Lindley cites the As-
ter iy of Michaux as a synonym of this species, on the authority of a
. Specimen communicated by A. Richard: but, if we mistake not, he Sea
re of BI caper herbarium accord with the Linnæan A. cor us.
x» a ce llus (Linn. ste stout, oe striate- dat v — RE
pubeseen abov sere corym tA a a
rous, Biely serrate, somewhat acum Esc ag de "e k - ‘owed! ones ce
(large) cordate, on slender petioles; the upper sessile or on argined peti-
oles; heads i mple corymbs; involucre nearly the length of the disk; the
exterior OR id, decas ovate-oblong; rays (white or ari 12-15.—
Linn.! spec. (ed. 2) 9. p. pow Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 207 ; M pee 1.
p.114; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2037; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 552. Éorytia
phylla, Cass. in roi sci. se rd . 487; Nees, Ast. p. 140 (excl. bes Ys
divaric. &c.) ; Darlingt.! ft. Ct p. 465; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2
Biotia macrophylla, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 265.
stem and leaves pediy vi - glabrous; A usually smaller.
X Ks Schreberi, Nees, synops. p. Spreng. syst. 3. p. 535. urybia
Schreberi, Nees! Ast t. p. 138. Bod rBchecban ri, Dc. Fhe (Varies, with
the ee somewhat gre n on short pedicels, and the rays shorter; appa- — -
rently + et al s Eurybia plorera; Bernh. in Nees, l. c.
Biotin pier x b! P eS
y. sereias r seals of the involuere p or roundish-oval ; ode
wise a
and ex e. cmm
TY
Wood ds, S — (from the Saskat
Aug Sept —Stem 14-3 feet high, usually broa 2 orymbose;
dees well as phe pedicels and ei i clothed oe a dm ers: rū-
hich d X ui iei or viscid under pes often with postees
airs interm xed; ', as also a e petioles, either s ooth or with a rough -
pubescene 4- mg and 3-6 in widt ing
m winged petiole. Heads mostly
an inch ^ diameter the exterior ie ".
= Obtuse; the innermost much larger and me er S
i reddish. Achenia hess, “obscure sty striate, almost g at
There are certain es of Biotia indigenous
1 Med
pig heen
bia, Nes) coments
= VOL. m.-14
TE.
3
: 106 COMPOSITA. ASTER.
48 e Scales of the involucre imbricated in several series, coriaceous, with her-
aceous spreading or squarrose tips: receptacle alveolate: rays numerous
asio: appendages of the style lanceolate: bristles of the pappus rigid,
unequal, a portion of the inner more or less thickened towards the summit:
enia narrow, angled or striate, slightly or scarcely compressed : cauline
leaves sessile, rigid ; the radical never cordate: heads large and showy.
a CALLIESTRUM.
This section closely approaches Biotia — ei Radula, and Sericocarpus
by A. gracilis: it appears to form a ve The inner bristles of the
pappus become more rigid and more Mad re ducali above as they grow old.
Es A. sages (Ait.): stem strict, glabrous, angled with decurrent lines,
mbose at the summit; the branches few, nearly simple and
Cory ne
é naked sli slighty = escent; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
pai
towards the base, closely xni scabrous both sides and
somewhat aem shar Is serrate, ‘at least in the middle; involucre cam-
Jaco Us cec deant shorter than the disk ; the scales oblong, rather ob-
tuse, pubescent-ciliate, appressed, = slightly spreading herbaceous tips;
achenia glabrous, linear-oblong, many striate.— Ait. Kew. eee 1) 3. p. 210;
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 556; Nees, Ast. p. 43; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 7; DC.!
prodr. 5. p. 230.
. leaves ovate- lanceolate, or the lower ones somewhat obovate-oblong,
acute or slightly oe -—A. nudiflorus, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 157 ; Darlingt.!
p.4 C. 1
oist em and low grounds, Nova Scotia (Aiton) and Newfoundland!
Lubeck, Maine, Mr. Oakes! Near Boston and Salem, Massachusetts,
Nuttall! Dr. Greene! Dr. Pickering! New London, Connecticut, Mr.
Roland ! Swamps of New e » Dr. Stu uve, ex Nutt. ‘On the high
vania, Schweinitz ! and near We: stchester, Mr. ! (the so southern
ore iant and corresponding with A. nudiflorus, Nutt.)
Sept.—Plant 1-3 feet high eaves numerous, 2-3 i long, early
| i av nches n
equal in size to the summit of the stem varying from half an inch to more
than an inch in width, pinnately veined, "es nay or on Se ane beneath,
often entire towards the base ; the teeth sharp an r sometimes
o
: rym
long (often acutish) scales of the involucre a bri ght poda sometimes
slightly spa t glab except the margins. Rays numerous,
Danes cie stex very s ate slender, bearing two
iste e ade at th the summit ; leaves broadly lanceolate,
€ of the appre -imbri-
| Yan 2. p. 115; Nees, Ast.
Around lakes rd brin which flow in nto Hu ay, Michaux. La-
ic and on | high mo Labrador, Herb.
z aa Bs Pash, empiece
| x’ orus:
Plant from 4 inches to a -sized ;
f
€»
ASTER. COMPOSITE. T
the rays pale violet, disk lie een tse d scales of the pasam oblong,
acute, nearly equalling t k.—According to Nees, who ex
cimen in the Willdeno ovian n herbarium, the 2 stem is — antl i closely
imbricated scales of the i long, rather acute.— a
in the Schweinitzian herbarium d es a very await state of A. Rad
with which it a in its pappus and narrow glabrous achenia; but the
more membranaceous scales of h ases are much fewer in number,
acute, ind diy equal in length
9. A. m pes geri à rhizoma CE: stems gipo or vil-
lous below, tom and mostly corymbose at the summit, leafy; leaves
oblong, serrate, SENAN sihin t hairy beneath, sessile; the lowermost some-
what spatulate, thë upper lanceolate; scales of the campanulate-hemi-
spherical involucre canescently bm nentose, lanceolate, acute, unequal, closely
imbricated in 3 or more series, with herbaceous spreading summits; rays
pe numerous ; achenia AL ee many-ribbed, sparsely hir-
—Richards.! appr. Frankl. ed. 2. p. 32, not of Nutt. As
Ricardo Spreng. syst. 3. p. d ‘Nees, Ast. p. 30; Hook.! fi. Bor.-
Am. 9. p. 7; DC. prodr. 5. p. 229. A. Sibiricus, Ta ! in herb. Hook.
B. giganteus: stem large and stout, more tomentose ; leaves ample, more
deeply and MD "e pubescent- ERA ipie h.—A. Richardsonii
B. giga nteus, Hook. !
z
S
a
d
(e
; li
disk.—A. aara nosus ? e lin TRAP 6. p. 124. re
IDE Nees! Ast. p. 36; DC.! l.c. A. Sibiricus, Fischer! in
Barren ountry from lat. 64° to the Arctic Sea, Richardson! Rock
Mountains, rige cd ! Also in Siberia (Herb. Pall. fide Richards. Y
herb. Hook.! Tur B8. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River,
Ri ichardso on! " > Moteebus' s Sound, &c. Cha misso ! Capt. Beechey ! ee
the tomentose erect
®©
2
veined, either obscurely or conspicuously serrate with pointed t teeth.
as large as in A. alpinus: the involucre, in the fally dero A broadly
Campanulate rather than E: bendiepherical, at first about the length of the disk,
but mostly shorter than the appus; the exterior scales successively shorter
and more SEE the i ag with purple summits; ing ther looser
1 and less unequal ; e — more foliaceous and lax or mene
ate, xem. or exceeding t fain in : n pigenous
Kee us ng, mp obtuse. Pappus copious, reddish-brown when olc
nequal, some of the lon es series es slightly thickened atthe summit. Achenia
attenuated, strongl striate ly.h n well-m
entok ose state,
a half wide, rong A. sari parse
cig as to pubesc
- A. conspicuus ( Lindl.) : stem stout, strict, 2 aes at the ue
Se d erect, minutely ^ oii mostly leafle ss and bearing single heads;
broadly serrate with ading
leaves obl Niels cac tt acute, serrate
* teeth, slightly b bent and scabro a us, sessile ; the lower narrowed at the
108 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
Yos in nvolucre hemispherical-campanulate, about the length of the disk; -
the seal numerous, unequal, gla Vatt ie rulent, lanceolate, with acute
herbaceous equation: Spreading tips; rays numerous; achenia linear-oblong,
EEUU ines in Hook. jl. Bon -Am. 2. p. 7, & in prodr.
Paice € on the Saskatchawan River (about lat. 539), to the Rocky
Mountains, Drummond !—A stout showy species, with ample thickish veiby
leaves (4-6 inches cad and 1-2 wide, the teeth triangular and mucronate or
subulate-pointed), and heads fully as large as those of A. spectabilis, to
which it bears considerable memes hs Involucre and peduncles viscid
with a minute L0 pah ubes esc Rays „b
R a iilis ES ): stem strict, Mit cs rlsndular qute
ryn e summit; leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabro
sessile, eu the Miror ones oblong, remotely appressed- rei pum
eee ae
cent and
into a short margined petiole ; branches of the corymb usually short go
igid, bearing 1-3 heads; in Madame Sw. ^ Xd comme ate, as
the scal ry numerous, somewhat equal in length, inearallong
and slightly spatulate, go ats pube niles. somew ae ciliate, with conspi-
cuous herbaceous squarrose- spreading (rather obtuse) a rays virer
(20 or De Ac inim dinem slighil y pubescent.— Ait. Kon = g 3. Es
209; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 554; Nutt. ! gen. p. a Nees, Ast
i3 rodr. 5. p. 2 A. grandiflorus, "Wal
Car. p. 209. A. elegans, | illd. — 3. o [3 in part, fide Nees. A.
— AU. . hort. Hafn. 2. p.8 e DC.
B. flow Draghi, or peduncles, die ied slender, mostly si simple, pilose
with slender | p as well as glandular-pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, entire
or scarcely serrate.
nches of the corymb few and mostly simple; leaves obovate-oblong,
nes. ee Bs Sa Nutt. kt Eo. ES
s? Ell.! sk. E Boi
ee Leaves 9-4 pec uem hs
upper ones un half an inch to an Es in Beo n a firm textu
acute or > ohni , mucronulate, sometim securely 3 Bran nches of
‘the cor , es E a few cen ise da or Macs (the uppermost
ccce al p= the Coss short and rigid. Heads showy (larger
than in A Arctos he les of the involi imbri i *
the exterior loose, c ore or less dao a glandular-scabrous (uen
similar t o that of Tul branches. Rays very long. tanceclagg Sige. or vio
Eod zd Sed style lanceolate-subulate.— We
Nut
av ret ith no au-
of Mr. p ya es coat pu he had a
* E A. g is (Nutt.) : stems sever Heer the same often surculose cau-
~ de E An ain slay pakewceut co e at Be summit ; ; leav es somewhat -
; the
and o ee eral -SETT
reds on alee naked etioles ; cau
“oblong, often e e base, slightly
at t
an te involucre sam onical, as
ien
ubescent scales imbricated in several se series, 1
Da a © Seely pointed) spreadi
=
E
*
AsTER. COMPOSIT. X. 109
sively pos: rays about 12; — me moderately com-
pressed, m nutely hairy.— Nuit
Prairies of Kentucky & Tesis: Ni all! "Pine e sf dene Jersey!
common. Sept.—Caudex usually tuberous, producing run and offsets.
glandu
bearing 5 to 9 heads in a terminal corymb (the central head almost sessile, -
bose
the lateral on slender spreading . pes aricate peduncles) ; or with corym
7 he
flowering branches, each bearing ads, all but the lateral or external .
on very hon sedicelie mad to hikes E s e hes long, Mk coriaceous,
opaque, glabrous. € almost exac ke Sericocarpus conyzoides !
and about the same size; the exterior edis subepattate-oblong or linear-
oblong, somewhat titiang Es innermost linea us. Hea
about. 30-flowered. Rays violet; the ligules exec About the didi of sie
involucre. Achenia pa sat aont impressed-st riate, clothed with short sparse
irs.— Mr. Nuttall has correctly remarked the alliance of this ant to A.
spectabilis on iho one hand (some forms of which it greatly resembles), and
to taser conyzoides on the other: it almost connects the a genus
with Aste E
- A. surculosus (Michx.): stems several from the same surculose caudex,
ater simple, minutely _pubese cent above; leaves lanceolate, elongated,
acute, glabrous, the ma argin s — entire or with a few slight subulato
ng peno
teeth ; the lowermost tapering into a somewhat sheathin
the upper ones linear, partly sheathing or clasping at the ia
a simple corymb (so imes solitary) ; involucre turbinate-hemispherical,
g he disk; th les numerous, jual in Jen
most lanceolate 2 era uut rays numerous; henia inear, al-
most glabrous.—Michz. fl. 1. p. ; Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 157; Nees,
p.40; DC.
< ;
Woods, B Burke. Count ty, N. erp Michaux. Margins of open -
swamps in e nnessee, N. Carolina! and Virginia, Nuttall. 'ilmington,
Ca arolina, | Sept.—Rhi-
tall ! ! Mr. Curtis “Southern States, Mr. Croom!
: ;the summ it, pedun-
= nt but not t glandular. Leaves eod scattered, rigid, opaque
lower - obscurely 3-nerved), smooth and shining; the lower 4-6 inches
long, lanceolate or sirti os armes ; the cauline successiv e reduced to
one or two inches in length, often narrowly lanceolate- -linear ; uppermost
confluent with the scales of the involucre. Heads as |
e in
len what
(which we believe to be Michaux’ ra) approac roaches A. spec-
“most slender forms considerably resemble the very differ-
i
_ 10. A. paludosus (Ait.
near, entire, acute, int i pa tni with th margins sca reet ofa
fringed with b bristly hairs near the base ; jene few, racemose, or terminating
the mostly simple axillary and somewhat racemose branches; involucre he-
aenal —— = Vom of the disk, mostly bracteolate ;- the scales nu-
merous, somewhat leng h, pa vic f — due pemonrh.. 4 spatulate-
linear, mucronate, so squarrose ; rays erous; achenia linear-ob-
long, nearly glab w. (ed. 1) 3. p. 20 ; Pursh, ue e. 547;
Eil. 2. p. 3 Horus, Nutt. ! - 2. p. Linn.
i .p.155. Di ye atc eve: Land. !
paludosum, ! prodr. 5. p. 264.
SERT a
XE ue
gi pM
is
110 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
ine barrens and vil i from North Carolina! to Florida! Lou-
igen! and Arkansas! Aug.-Oct.—Stems 1-2 feet high. Leaves coria-
e
e
Heads np (the disk half of an ne in » diameter), Begeni 8 dis-
somewhat racemose man short nearly naked ^a deed
uses axill on very short abet: forming a kind of spike ; but
the lower peduncles, or a often elongated, so as to become corym-
bose, or branching and paniculate. Exterior scales of the involucre usually
loose ate heacteolate, or Stan into the bracteate = es which byari the
head, almost entirely — somewhat ciliate; the innermost with the
tips only herbaceous, or sometimes colored. Rays (about 24 ) iy an n inch
long, deep blue. Pappus odi rather rigid; the bristles unequal;
arger ones gradually thickened upwards so as to appear slightly clara
under a lens, but cely more so than in the preceding species. Achenia
— or E lightly 4 pubescent when young, somewhat angled and strate,
lender, scarcely compressed.—This species is, we believe, confined to the
Serion States. Mr. Nuttall’s A. paludosus is dioses bly a form of our
A.elodes. What can be ae ex m Northern British America mentioned
3. Dr. Ekini under this nam
? A. Curtisii : apis and NER stem peii "me pe
slightly corymbose or racemose at the summit; the bra short
bearin aring single or seg de: leaves lanceolate, sessile, —— P!
rate, with scabrous or somewhat ciliate margins; the lowermost tapenng
y spatulate, unequal, imbricated in about 4 series, coriaceous, with con-
LN op uy flincouus squarrose-reflexed summits; achenia narrow,
glabrous.
ooth
. few short spreading ering hives, which bear single or racemose
; the $ed ones on short pedicels. Leaves somewhat membrana-
apering to a very acute point, e smooth on both sides, or slight- `-
ly seabrous next fhe margins of the u surface or near the apex, pale
beneath, with rather prominent ralio iinlets; all but the uppermost
conspicuously but somewhat irregularly serrate, the base and apex entire ;
the Ee rmost (radical unknown) about 4 inches long and two thirds of an
T;
. aceous below, appressed; the flisosoas summits (oval or lanceolate, often
; acuto) abruptly squarrose or recurved, sometimes equal in length to the ap-
r Ti
pappus slender, rather soft, the inner series very obscurely thickened up-
ave but two specimens of this apparently € species,
- collected We: believe in different localities, neither of which are so perfect "à
could ot division Perhaps it belongs to the Grandiflori, bal i; iine to
$3. Basler of the involucre imbricated in various degrees, with herbaceous or
cs tips, or the exterior entirely herbaceous: receptacle alveolate:
rays numerous: appendages of the style lanceolate: bristles of the pappus
sii (soft) and nearly uniform, none of them thickened at de me
achenia compressed.—AsTER proper.
*
ASTER. COMPOSITE. 111
* Heads (large) corymbose or racemose; scales of the involucre imbricated in several
series, rigid, with herbaceous or foliaceous summits, somewhat squarrose or phai
ng; the innermost usually membranaceous : achenia broad, compressed, pubescent or
hairy —Amell
12. A. integrifolius (Nutt.): stem simple, villous-pubescent, the n
iny; the radical and lowest cauline tapering into a mar-
gined Mid. Me glabrous; the others clasping, somewhat pubescent or
poni heads few (3-5); scales of the involucre loosely EN in
, lanceolate, acute, glandular, herbaceous, somewhat u
achenia pa each silky-hirsute.—JVutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 7a 21
the pie e s eros and viscid ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acut
. entire, l-n
y Mountains in lat. 42°, growing at a lower elevation than A. andi-
nus or A. ex Nuttall !—Plant 6-12 inches high, stout. Heads nearly
the size of A. = to w ps spectes more closely approaches than
to or other. Le rather coria with a stro ng midrib (not tripli-
nerved); the Cue ride reticulated veinlets | cube onspicuous on bot
surfaces of the older leaves; the cal 3-5 inches dem , including the peti-
ole. Exterior scales of the in he oe =e y os by eet Te herbaceous,
the margins not membranaceous: the innermost narr
branaceous at the base. Rays “ bluish-purple, 15-95" Nutt.) Rage Jie:
Pappus of unequal slightly rigid strongly scabrous bristles. Appendages of
the =. Pu m hirsute
glabrous: the u most Mnobolnte dilated at the b
often acute; ped dol simple, nearly kod: tom bescent
e involucre linear or oblong-linear, acute, pubescent, ratha equal, »
E can hae ie a somew ee — sum —Lindl. !
si.
Radi
form appearance on both sides, often nearly linear; the lateral nerves some-
what reticulated. Heads iere about as large as in A. Ame Hus. Achenia
hairy, compressed.
14. a usce stems n ascending; thè aa linear — >
^ siena: or so mbose ; radical and lower leave ng-lin
wly ccs pieta entire, wake * iate-scabrous ns
tine 1 linear-lanceolate, partly clasping; scales of vege = mi
closely im
erous, mbricated, anogodd: nearly gla
oblong, obtuse, the innermost acute; achenia minutely puo 3 Liu
fl. Bor.- Am. 2. p. 8, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2
- denudatus : elit oe strongly ci o ; the ees and low-
ermost somewhat fringed towards the base; the € ll.—A. denuda-
tus, Nutt. ! in trans. Am soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 292
er. phil. s
Y. ciliatifolius : stem not denuded and scapiform, pu ubescent above ; leaves
more proportionate, distinctly i ig? of the involucre ciliate, some-
vera m - wis > *
smaller than in A. Amellus. Leaves rigid, the lowermost 2-4
ane veined when old, tapering into a margined petiole, which is —
x
A
112 : COMPOSITA. ASTER.
rather strongly ciliate in var. 8. ; the margins frequently somewhat undulate
or saeua a Involucre equalling or rather shorter than the disk,
compose scales ute ues coely meo gees in several series,
rather rigid, alteri. uda Te exterior shorter, almost wholly herbeca the
inner with more acute sli ightly ieeting Nic bio us summits. ‘* Rays rose-
m S
smaller and anrai AY. ig sn As el uae. description of t
ach is
15. A. — i (Ne) stem racemose- pointe ors airy above in
lines; the hea at corymbose ose at the summit of the
branches ; leaves "anecolate acute, alee clasping, scabrous on
both sides; t e peduncles small, oblong, UE scales of the
broadly obere involutie closely i itmbritated, oblong, with obtuse spatu-
late herbaceous summits; achenia pubese ccenthirste ‘when young. Nees,
; DC. pn 45. A. Radula, Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 125.
B. om scarcely oe except near the margins of the upper surface
the cauline manoal towards the base, partly clasping.—A. spect rabilis
Hi Arn. ! bot siie a p. 146.
Cali ornia, near B. Monterey, California, Capt. Bee desit
rently. m
A. Amellus; the Mebopcet tips of the involucral scales are loose of
somewhat ARA sa slight membranaceous margin, eee cili-
e innermost about the length of the disk, rather
k
=
en ; th
acute. oun Schon a compressed, clothed with a somewhat silky pu-
bescence.
* * Heads (large) subglobose, = the leafy branches : scales of the involucre
(rather few aud large), som „į or 4 series, folia-
ceous, except the base, and riy sinita to te onal) ED a ion usualy
silky, sessile and entire mucronate leaves, both sides of which are — in appear-
ance: achenia glabrous, angled or compressed, many ribbed.—Seri
| (Vent.) : stems slender, numerous from the same root,
hed; leaves silvery-canescent on both sides with a
silk pubescence, lanceolate = e eg ng, closely sessile, mu-
urely 3-nerved ; heads mostl tary terminating the short
o the
eav
silve , Squartose-apreading. the coriaceous base ap died achenia many-
sive abrous.— Ve m
re
nt. hort dein t. 33; Pursh! fl. Ss 548; Nutt./
Dm dg 155; eve Ast. p.51; DC! prodr. 5. p. 233. A. argenteus,
4 2.
B. leav: pne of the involucre rather narrowly lanceolate, less sil-
er SEa montanus, Nutt. / gen. l.c.
«ranes and dr ks of rive vers, nearly c confined to the valley of the
ppi and its tributaries: Arkansas! Mississippi! Missouri! Illinois?
tow N, uN. W. Territory t Trine nd N. Carolina near the moun-
lade a P (var. 8.) Schweinitz! Aug.-Oct.—Plant 10-20 inches high
Ct.
e shrubby at the base b eoe in Europe), very
cues the dense nacly silv ari-cabescuat leaves laf a2 er bigs E
a
ASTER. COMPOSITAE. 113
crowded on the branches; the radical ones sp ames s — about 3
inches longillistincily 3-nerved. Heads showy, but variable Rays
20-25, half an inch or more in ape deep acu are pases eg
compressed when mature. Pappus tawny, equal.
17. A. phyllolepis : stems slender, loosely perdere leaves erect, lanceo-
late, closely M CUR mucronulate, somewhat hairy or canescent when young;
iry
thine of the branches crowded, ovate-lanceolate acuminate-cuspidate, ap-
pressed, ciliate w oa long spreading hairs; heads mostly solitary terminating
l loosel
the branchlets ; scales of the involucre ‘similar e the upper leaves,
i pt
u
S,
PD ously Exerc eie cronate, nearly eti in len th; achenia linear,
angled, striate or ribbed, glabrous.—A, sericeus B. microphyllus, DC. l. c.?
1 D » SET.)
hairy branches. Lea riaceous, pale, scabrous, somewhat 3-nerved,
obscurely tetiendaced. “pada ees in size from an inch or more to 4-5
or 6 lines in length; the upper ones more crowded, d wat reticulated, d
conspicuously ciliate with lon Miieslld. hire which are, however, so
what deciduous. Scales of the hemispherical involucre oval or is or the
th E.
ermost lanceolate, few, as long as d s Heads as lar: nthe `
Apn HIES
preceding, or sometimes smaller. Rays about 25, siongawa. purples da
nia scarcely compressed. Pappus nearly equi d reddish-bro
* * + Heads (middle-sized) racemose ; scales of the turbinate or obovoid involucre im-
— in several series, rather rigid, silky, the exterior successively shorter, all with
short herbaceous tips: corolla of the disk as eey as the (12-15) rays purple or violet :
achenia silky-villous: leaves small, lanceolate or oblong, entire, closely sessile, pale,
when young canescent, = tha same color and si both sides—Concolores.
or sometimes nearly Ap when ol ges upper on s acumina
ves appressed; heads in a simple or compound v vir i raceme ; eon aa
le, | a
—Linn.! spec. (ed. 2) 2. ; Wal 9; (AP
111; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2029; Pursh! fl. 2. p- 443; "Nalt ! gen 2. p. 15;
Ell.! sk.9. p. 350; Nees, Ast. p. 115; DC.? prodr. 5. p. 243. oe caule
simplicissimo, &c. Gronov.! fl. Virg. ‘ed. 9. p. 123. AL folis lanceolatis
sessilibus alternis, &c. Gronov. ! L. c. p. 125. i
Dry rins soils, and in pine barrens, New Jersey ! to Florida! and Louis-
iana! Aug.-Nov.—Plant 1-3 feet high, = Del EM the habit of a Lia-
tris, sometimes with a tuberous root, often. simple or branched ey towards
= base, and bearing the heads in a long e m raceme, on short (erect or
urved) peduncles, which are furnished with Ns "broctliko sees
fequenty pestis above and bearing several s
es solitary hea; Leaver 1-3 nerved, often aie reticulated, fiber
rigid, grayish; S lower about an v long, and partly rene: upper
Successively reduced in size, oval o anceolate, mucronate O
app ish.
19. - veces e — as well as the stem, canescent with a
scabrou
7
Dres
114 COMPOSIT E. ASTER.
base; the lowermost oblong-spatulate ; the upper wince ee all strong-
rved. bra
ly 1-ne Peduncles or branches several, simple, or sometimes forked,
ee “ton mature E achénie canescent. Pappus rusty.—We have
only seen the single specimen in Sir ooker’s fere. we doubt
if it Pei so nearly allied to A. concolor as is is supposed.
* + * * Heads (middle-sized, large for the size of the leaves) solitary terminating the
numerous diffuse branchlets s: scales of the obovoid-turbinate involucre closely im-
bricated in several series (the exterior successi ively "gend coriaceous, spatulate-linear,
with short herbaceous slightly squarrose or spreading tips: achenia short, turbinate,
minutely canescent : leaves crowded throu, chout the md stem and branches, very
short and uniform (except the very lowest), thick, hispid-scabrous, ovate-oblong or
lanceolate, either appressed or squarrose-reflexed. Pructiyphytii
20. A. squarrosus (Walt.) : md minutely hispid, diffusely branched;
d inse Short, somewhat paniculate or racemose ; leaves mea?
e or oblong, mucronulate, squarese reflexed.— Walt.! Car. 5 9;
ffl. 1. p. 112; Willd.! spec p b e Pur, JE 1. STI
El / sk. 2. p. 530; Nees, Ast, g: 115; De. f
soi !
2.
&5
`~
pad
ns.
ameter; the scales he es lent, coriaceous ra viste: except
oval mucronulate < peered foliaceous tips. Rays. ei iocis Lae
large showy, bright blue. Pappus brownish when
utt.) : paesi, hispid-scabrous oy ascending
. A. adn (N
stems and branches virgate ; leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 1 ne
e to
s than in A. sq
ry lowest, which are about rse of an inch long,
ahd nearly or quite free. Rays ‘pale lilac’ (Nutt.), or rather violet-blue. .
od
0 0* * * * 5 Heads (rather € mostly solitary terminating the spreadi
ng bra ae :
scales of the olovoid-turbinate or somewhat campanulate involucre closely imbricated
Ma Eu i daring Ii aem, entire, pubescent or scabrous ; those f
the branchlets very small. — Paten
. 82. A. patens. (Ait.) : stem pubescent ; niculate at the summit ;. leaves
ovate-oblong or obl t ri
| i blong-lanceolate, pu! or scabrous, with ciliate and
Ned rera aes undulate or almost tain m r n d
middle, ee and clasping ; those of the spread-
inr or d ping
slender branchlets ts very small; heads mostly solitary on
the branchlets; scales of the involucre lanceolate, scabrous-puberulent ;
Aster. COMPOSITE. 115
achenia silky fena Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 201; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 551; Nees,
Ast. p. 49 (excl. syn. Michz.) ; Darlingt. ! fi. Cest. p. 463 ; Ppc. ! prodr.
9. p. 232. A. miene Linn. ! spec. ed. 2. p. 1928, & herb. (not of hort:
Chff.!); Ell.! sk. 2. p. 361. A. amplexicaulis, Michz.! fl. 2. p. 114;
£
3
B. gracilis : heads ME. terminating the very numerous and elongated
bran ^ ose very small, rigid, scabrous.—Hook.! compan. to bot.
mag. 1
Piualeshesbnds: = large, Berat: xe ete ic^ branchlets; the
Milos of the more turbinate involuc e very numerous and more closely i im-
bricated (in 5—6 series), somewhat TUE py pares broader and more
obtuse; leaves -— hirsute-scabrous.—A. pone Lindl. ! in DC. l. c.
A. Amott tii, Nees! in herb. Arn. & her
phlogifolius : i imple or paniculate = the summit; the heads
(ara) solitary, or frequently several and somewh ite go on the short
e more lax and he neater abel in series) ;
cem much larger, mbranaceous, pubescent be cont scarcel
at all scabrous, Bi noeolate or oblong-lanceolate, tapering to an acute
point, Garda contracted belo ? the middle.— Nees, Ast. l. e. (excl. syn.
Michz.); Darlingt.! fl. Cest. lec. A. peat Mull. ! in Willd. spec.
3. p. 2034 ; Pursh! ft i p. "io: Nuit.! gen. 2. p. 156; DC.! l. c.
A. auritus, Lindl. i E
Dry soil, a cheat i: Florida ! and Louisiana! ia M abama, Dr.
Gates ! Louisiana and Texas, Drummond! y. Kentucky! and Missouri! to
est
exterior shorter and -more hes Pappus ferruginous or tawny.—The
scales of the involucre in var. y. are more numerous and imbricated ; and in
the plant of Drummond fro mA Louis (A. Arnottii, Nees. ined.) they are
ore nd siitriabiy appressed : other specimens of this
indl. in her ? i
y A:
S strongly disposed to consider it a distinct spe-
ies; but are now convinced le the examination of numerous intermediate
frins, that it is a state which the plant assumes in shady moist places. .
cS 3.5 © Beads e showy) paniculate or somewhat racemose; scales of
the turbinate or volucre closely and regularly imbricated in several series
(the exterior Mike deat, ds chartaceous and white (except the midnerve), with
very short appressed or slightly spreading green tips: rays bright blue: achenia very
smooth and glabrous (or sometimes minuteli pubescent with sparse hairs), broadish,
compressed, 2-5-ribbed or nerved: plant perfectly smooth and glabrous (except the
branchlets and the scabrous margins ch the ses) ar glaucous: cauline leaves
lanceolate or oblong-ovate, thickish, sessile or clasping, entire or sparingly serrate ;
the radical ovate or oblong (small), tapering into a short and ———
petiole —Concinni, Nees, (excl. spec.)
116 = COMPOSITE. Aster. d
23. A. levis (Linn.): very smooth, often glaucous; stem loosely panicu-
late or somewhat pest coser at the summit; leaves lanceolate, ovate-lanceo-
late, or oblong, aceous, very smooth, with scabrous margins, entire or
spari
margined petiole; the upper fey aed and mostly so nim auriculate or
cordate at the base ; ; those of the branches very small; scales of the obovoid
involucre closely imbricated, one sed, rigid, aite or broadly linear,
with short abruptly acute or acuminate herbaceous tips; — —
u . p. 87
Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 206; Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1500; p; A ! fl. Cest.
p.468. A. € up agent mutabilis, ropa, rubricaulis, & cyaneus,
Nees, Ast. p. 1 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 245 & 246. A. rubricaulis, Lam. .
dict. 1. p. i. se prata Ml ! in Spec spec. 3. p. 2046. A
Soe ages niana suppl. 1
B. more glaucous; upper le eaves condat-elasping hors A, cyanea or
E a : pend = a voluc cyaneu
Hoffm. phytogr. bl. p. 71, t. B. PE ap e "f. 2 . p. 5 iacens l. c.i
Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1495. i nee & A. politus, Nees, codes p.93. A.
E d Hort. Monsp.
- leaves Aroi aem lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.—A. levigatus, Willd.
ips 3. p. 2
orders oF woodlands and thickets, Canada! to Georgia! Missouri! and
eki n! common. Aug.-Oct.—A beautiful species, readily recog-
nized {notwithstanding some diversities in the. roa and the size of the
— oyi its polished “and set r less glaucous stem ed leaves tthe former
2-3 feet high, often purple); the somewhat coriaceous regularly imbricated
and und scales of the Ehe which ar are white (slightly uae with
siz
on. ec
make nothi the characters derived by Nees n the alveoli of the re-
ceptacle, ze ds di naked, ciliolate, or siu . The radical leaves are
ovate, oval, or spatulate-oblon ng, serrate, siege petioles which are re usually
iliate a :
e , or numerous; the
leaves gradually reduced to short lanceolate ‘bracts.
UE ci iie (Ell.) : T smooth; stem strict; the: branches few and
virgate, racemose
at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate entire, with sca-
Ens or ciliolate-serrulate : partly clasping; those of dio pisie
merous, "ote ct, subulate-acuminate ; dic lowermost tapet-
ing at the base; the radical M poter dii mia of the somewhat hemi-
1erical involucre lanceolate, acumina rior loose or slightly squat-
rose-spreading ; scene paon. — Ell. 1 T 353.
B. stem stout; the vi pound; ; heads -
diu lower cauline leaves oblong-lanceolat
ms s r, often simple; cauline leaves elongated linear-lanceolate,
ince strongly atilsio scale .—A. attenuatus, Lindl. ! in
Hook. compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97.
Western — of Georgia, Elliott! 8. Georgia, Dr. Boykin! y. Jack-
W
pe COMPOSITE. 117
— Louisiana, Drummond ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Hale! Sept.-
Oct.—Resembles ocanidenibi the narrow leaved forvos of A. levis; but is
sort amm my by the virgate bran rc a racemose ——— the —
t
m es
acute or acuminate. Lower leaves 3 to 5 or 6 inches long, 3 to 4 (or in f.
5-10) lines wd shining above, coriaceous. The plant of Elliott is inter-
mediate between our specimens from oykin (which has shorter a
broader erol leaves, the lower occasionally serrulate) and those of A.
attenuatus, Lindl. Drummond’s specimens are rem — — et
about 2 feet high. In those from Dr. Hale, the ma of the leav
still more e strongly serrulate-scabrous, or the upper pe. even minutely diu
hispid, and the heads are more obconical. Rays apparently deep blue.
25. A. [rum (Willd.): stem — glabrous, somewhat corymbose, <
i-i nches virgate, dichotomous-paniculate; leaves lanceolate,
artly c end remotely and sha aros. serrate, with sca abrous mar. those
of the branchlets oblong, entire; scales of the volums linear, acute, gra
oin ted. Nees.— Willd. enum. 2. p. die ps ces, “Git [y j rm
ot. reg. t. 1619; DC. prodr. 5. p. 245 (excl. syn. Colla, hort. £&
Hook. -Am 3? A. Keta s? Ell! s :
ar srg strict and racemose, with omar a more » numerous
haven. "Nee
North rie bee Willdenow. (ln fields and woods, New York & Penn-
he Pursh.) N. Carolina, meinem (in herb. as hes p
ead! (in herb. acad. Philad.) Saskatchawan, Dru «orar
an t
an imate bpe n) appears to be the same as the cultivated A. concin-
nus: the upper cauline leaves are linear-lanceolate, and those of the numer-
ous vine branc ae narrowly linear; the heads rather smaller than in
most forms of A. levis; and the young achenia € — puberulent.
p apante; but in its
[o eid B., Nees ; and the eaves of c» reine ers rather slen-
der and narrowly linear. The rays are blue, and ua flowers of the disk
change to purple.— We know not from vemm source the original A. concin-
nus was derived. Willdenow compares the leaves with those of Phlox
maculata; and the stem is said to be one bed a half to two feet high.
urbinellus d: ndl.) : stem and slender paniculate ranches s
ree eni puberulent-scabrous; leaves" lanceolate, smooth, entire, with cili-
olate-scabrous margins, tapering to each end, Acide. slightly clasping; those
of the filiform ginem ec subulate ; in involucre clavate-turbinate, as long as
the ; the scales imbricated in numerous series, linear, obtuse, recul
herbaceous mel: at the tips; achenia minutely pu berulent-scabrous (und:
).—Lindl.) in Hook. compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98, & in DC. posed
, Missouri, Drummond! Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth !—Stem
apparently 5 2-3 feet highs hek very much branched in a co panicu-
late manner; the branchlets Sova numerous, € very sle racemose or
Sightly paniculate, terminat: middle-sized heads. Deed leaves about
or nches long, rather opaque, pale, sparingly reticulate-veined, or ob- l
xA ES ed, tapering to point, the margin upwardly almost
118 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
serrulate-scabrous; those of the branches and branchlets gadur) reduced
to subulate bracts resembling the exterior scales of the involucre. Rays
Disk about we
n e e
f the involucre.—4À very distinct species, remarkable for its exactly
cS involucre (5-6 lines long), which is very acute at the base, owin
to the short exterior scales: these are coriaceous and white, with very short
greenish tips.
ept ete + Heads ERES or small) paniculate « or racemose : scales of the
obovoid or campanulate involucre imbricated in several series (the exterior successively
shorter), commonly appressed, ae ei or somewhat membranaceous, with short
green tips: achenia i deine or r slightly pubescent : c and lowest cauline ere"
(large) cordate, with el f. 3 the upper often pet
Heterophylli, Nees.
t Leaves entire, undulate, or slightly serrate: heads loosely paniculate or race-
mose: rays usually bright blue or violet.
. A. azureus (Lindl.): stem somewhat scabrous, racemose-compound
at de summit; the branches slender and rigid ; leaves scabrous ; the radical
and lo cauline ovate-lanceolate = Sekt long, cordate, somewhat
serrate, on lon ked gined) often hairy petioles; the others lan-
late or linear, gun at eos end, kie mostly entire; those t
"Osee Ber branches subulate, mostly very numerous and appressed; in-
voluere broadly CM. Sei the length of the disk; the scales closely
imbricated, narrowly-oblong or linear, "aie acute ; vig epe T
very sli htly and sparsely ah "eeu dl. ! in Hook. compan
p. 98, jo RC Y y 5. p. 2 A. Didien, del! d
= rth! ri, nd Makato ae p buy
of St. Peter xc Mr. Nicoll let! t io Ohio, Dr. Riddell! Dr. t Dr,
Van Cleve! and Fort ean Michigan, Dr. for Also dere
rum aring as >
rubricaulis and A. multi floras,” Lindl., who described from imperfect ae!
cimens, wanting the lower leaves), manifestly connecting this group hc:
the foregoing, wi with which it ens rte ga in its involuc re &c., remarka e
; lowe
those of uced to short subulate inflorescence
y consists of a few racemose rigid (although slender) branches, some"
what te at the summit of the stem specimens
ine Dr. Leavenworth, the stem is mu c - nd, gid
: nches often more than a = in length ; a aoe ese, :
28. A. ; Shori (i (H ak xm See nearly glabrous, racemose-pant
^ late at the summit ; oh at deni atu: Mose, autel
pubescent be pt vue duci ci tapering to a sharp point ;
the radical and eauline ones s all more or less cordate and on naked (some
a
ASTER. COMEQSIT E. 119
what hairy) petioles, entire or aliy serrate, e veins loosely reticulated
beneath ; those of the us eese pu re and sessile ; heads
numerous ies rather crowded; involucre idein e, shorter than the
disk; the scales closely bagaid, lanccolate incar m o tuse; ache-
nia t glabrous ——Hook. ! (§ Lindl. !) fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 9 (note); Riddell!
c
nops
Cliffs and banks of streams, throughout gebe Dr. Short! Sc. an
hio o, Dr. Riddell! Mr. Sullivant! Dr. ck! &e. Mountaiiia "4 “f
reorgia, Mr. Buckley! Arkansas, Nuttall ! d v" feels —A — Lp
cies (deservedly dedicated to the well-known botanist who has eatly
contributed to our knowledge of the plants of the Western States), 2 to 4 feet
high, remarkable for its lanceolate-cordate, petioled, often slightly falcate,
ather m ch v. 3 to 5 inches in len
os
e and somewhat shining above, pale and puberulent Abe babes ks if
at all scabrous) benedi: the lower ones often serrate or too ards the
base; those of the branches ig or oblong, of the ultimate ch or
peduncles minute and subulate. Heads showy (usually larger than in A.
undulatus), racemose at bea nudi of the stem or on the € Ru
often forming a thyrsu Scales of the €: _ appressed, minutely
org c disc ii: oblo ong green tips. Rays violet- os, lanceolate :
disk = w, changing to purple. Pappus eder i or tawny.
- A. undulatus (Linn., Ait.): pale with a close and cinereous often
Pci pakeken ; stem paniculate or S at the summit ;
leaves ovate or ovate-lan gen somewhat tomentose-pubescent benea
scabrous above, acute, w uan s Re ten undulate or "s eue
e
E
oles, w
Tuptly contracted into a short broadly winged clasping petiolo: thi upper-
most cordate-clasping ; those of ibo branchlets lanceolate or subulate; invo-
luere obovoid, nearly the length of the disk ; the scales linear, mostly acute,
pubescent, closely imbricated; achenia s slightly pubescent, or at length gla-
pua if. p. 8
inn. hort. Cli 408, & spec. (ed AE p 751 (not of ed. TH
Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 206; “Hoffm. phytogr. bl. p faa
ursh, 51; Nees, Ast. p. 57; Darlingt.! ES Cest. p. 464.
a nein. Miche. ! 113; Ell.! sk. igel.! ft. Bost.
r
: P- 312; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 234. A. nea. Nutt.! gen. 2. p.
166, =, of Ait. A. sagittifolius & A. scaber, Ell./ l. c. > patens, Bart.
ompe J ast. p.557. AK.
A 113. A. heterophyllus y. Nees, p.55? A
anteni is & A. heteromallus, Wender. ? ex Nees vary in
e, from 3 or 4 c asi in shape from broadly ovate to oe l «e
late, the radical often the primordial roundish; and in
emg sometimes minutely m end = se eae on both gidip, id. Te
quently scabrous beneath as well as
-Stem strict ; panicle simple the Beds rather larger; cauline leaves
elongated oblong or lan
Dry woodlands, duy ee the United Stat B. Kentucky, Dr.
! Se t.-Oct.—Ster 1-3 feet high, often Heong ; the orar be iel
rather rigid, with very small (often subulate) leaves. Radi
| ike the upper, mere
and lower leaves rem y cre or serrate, or, l erely un-
dulat middle-sized, loosely disposed on the in a some-
What racemose manner, often unilateral, all Seema or rad somewhat
cedi Scales of the involucre nearly membranaceous, wi gue or
what lanceolate green tips, acute or pss ciliate: esi pale vio-
lobis : disk omm turning purple. Pappus ee UT y or brown-
ish.—'That the var. 3. is merely a peculiar state of this be
= na connecting Me ahh The original A. undulatus (Linn. hort | Cli quf.) )
not A. patens, but we believe belongs to this species,
K:
P d
120 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
case retain the name, as it is employed i in the Hu Row where the
two species are first distinguished, anterior to Michau
30. A. asperulus : somewhat scabrous-pubescent; stem simple, racemose-
putos at the summit; leaves s xg ad and slightly serrate ; re radical
ane ate, obtuse, mostly subcordate, on slender naked or margined peti-
; the cauline oblong or spatu «e we at the base, or the pst west on
pene petioles, not dilated at the insertion, those of the ade minute,
scattered; heads (small) loosely paniculate; scales of the what he
spherical involucre o oblong, san closely imbricated, Epoke we the disk ;
achenia very minutely pubesc
New Orleans, poA way r dori Mec a '— Plant 1-2 feet high, pale
with a close somewhat scabrous pubescence. Radical and lowest cauline
leaves obtuse or slightly cordate at the fiis on slender petioles; the others
sessile, 1 to 3 inches long, mostly acute, somewhat ser rrate ivit the apex,
dilated at the Heads nearly as large as in A. undulatus; the scales of
the involucre isa pir pubescent, appressed, with rhomboid green tips.
Rays blue or purple?
t + Lower leaves conspicuously serrate: heads usually small, racemose or some-
w yrsoid: rays commonly pale blue
31. A. cordifolius (Linn.) : stem often flexuous below, racemose-panicu-
late at the summit; leaves glabrous, or often hairy beneath and slightly
scabrous above; the mdi al and lower cauline cordate, SR dec aeo
mo on slender naked or margined and ciliate poe ; the
ovate or la upset sessile or with short margined petioles, dien ie
erous or som
mde dtm H Ait.
heterophyllus, Wi lid. enum. 2+ p. 882. A. cordiiolius, stop & pa-
niculatus he Nees, Ai ra 52 & 55; Lindl.! in herb. DC. Hook.,
& herb. Torr. ; odr. - 233. A. pubescens, Hornem. hort. Hafn.
= L . 98, fide Ns A latifolius autumnalis, Cornut. Canad. p. 64,
(Varies, with the stem glabrous, or A ubescent in lines above, or
see Greg ; the leaves broadly or narrowly ovate, either glabrous
t, somewhat scabrous — or hairy beneath; the branches of
red.
argined
inches long; those of the sx toed small and frequently
entire, reduced on on the al timate branchlets or peduncles to subulate bracts-
Heads small, usu usually = rather short spread-
ing or divaricate branches; the distinct ide. also spreading. Scales of
the involucre whitish, with green rather ne tips, often purple at the apex,
reas are smaller than in an f the : involucre
" Hal »y pre voce the appressed involu
ea in A. Shortii (except t that it is much small e and ds ps. scales are
pped A MN ) ts. We meet, however, with occasional speci-
from the Weste which, in their rather looser Sedan scales
ASTER. 2 COMPOSITE. 121
more up n poche Perhaps the A. paniculatus, Ait. was founded upon
a plant of this kind. The A. eis quet * the Northern and Middle States
is a very uniform and well-marked s spog
32. A. sagittifolius (Willd.): stem Riet, A racemose-compound
bove; the branches ascending, rigid; leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat
liai piboscén t or nearly glabrous, serrate, aftenuide deme the ra-
narrowly margined emp the others narrowed into a winged petiole ; the
uppermost lanceolate or nearly rege — oe each end, sessile, often
entire; heads numerous, in strict and den und racemes, on
short peduncles; scales of the csiuaatcaee Neri ti Haand ur
pressed at the base, rather loose above; achenia glabroug.— Wi rus spec. 3.
p. 2035? tc ib p 56? (Lindl.! in ae HD nee Bor.-
Am. 2. p. 9; DC. l.c.? dq of Ell.) Ap pane Muhl. ! herb. Lit
least in part); Ell. sk. 2. p. 365; Da rlingt. ! Leo t. p. 464; not of Ni
nor of Nees, $c. A. urophyllus, Lindl. in D -7
B. heads less crowded on the rigid br d ; sis of the involucre lan-
ceolate-subulate, or lanceolate with acute or acuminate tips; cauline leaves
Varying from ovate to ovate-lanceolate) often iua us Eee a
(Varies, with the leaves, as well as the upper part of the
glabrous, or scabrous-pubescent, or with the lower X does pie: tomentose.)
Woodlands and low rich soil, eren — uron, Dr. Todd! and
Montreal, Mr. Cleghorn ! ik herb. Hook.) and on St. Peter’s River, Mr.
Nicollet! Western New York, Dr. Seu well ! ui Pennsylvania! t to Georgia!
and Missouri! 9. Western States, from Ohio! and India o Wisconsin!
e sx Seely River! Aug.—Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet hi fake iind above ;
ose (pubescent) E ni rather erect. Leaves
itty ciliate jew radical on ore or less cordate, or cordate-sagittate at
haps be safe to retain the name, which. e not inappro
ill per
Spe ied ga the e radical leaves. It passes pest y gelo our t os B- 3
p rger and more sc ds, a
E B x Y presents a eal r scales, which, 1 ever, always Shave slender
polled diii ce ; and amg pom are sometimes E blue: they are, as it
were, intermediate between A. EE A. co. us, and A. undulatus;
but probably do not pass into the two latt
33. A. 1.) : st d lower surface of — leaves can-
Drummondii (Lindl.) : stem an dag
above, on
margined petioles; the uppermost ovate-lan
Strict and mostl
lanceola sessile ;
yy dense doyreid tac racemes paniculate at the summit of "e
VOL. IL-l pe
yon
om
_ crowded and few-leaved;
ER S COMPOSITA. poe
stem ; vn of the etd subulate-linear; achenia minutely preme:
—Lindl.! n Hook. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 934.
is Missouri an also Te exas, Drummond ! Western Louisiana,
ee ale !—Plant intermediate in its characters between
A. undulatus, cordifoliue d se Luigi resembling some states of the
former in its pube ege the second somewhat in its petioled i mostly
p pueda leaves, an e latte bin ni cence; but apparently dis-
nct from either. Stem strict, and rather stout, eS tly 1 to 3 feet high,
ss old less canescent and more scabro Leaves serrate with appressed
teeth, appearing somewhat crenate, valve m hanced the ue er ones 2 to 4
inches long, on narrowly margined petioles 1-3 inches in leng eads as
large as in fo preceding, often med eiea nd glome aai or crowded on
T ps ee: Involucre pubence Rays s blue ; the disk turning purple.
i endise the t o following speri ies (known to us only by the
resemblance to this and the preceding spec
- A. urophyllus ER — racemose- ates the branches thyr-
sid; leaves iccirco much sey lcm sharply crenate-serrate,
scabrous e, the wa surface hairy ; scales of the imbricated in-
voluere subulate, Lindi. in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 3.
Louisiana.—Species near A. hirtellus. Rays white, longer than the
Aee; the disk purple. Lindl.—Is it not A. sagittifolius, without the ii
dical leaves ? No information is given — the source from which the
specimens of this and the following were derived.
35. A. hirtellus (Lindl. ): stem racemose- Legem the racemose branches
vate ate-serrate in the middle,
very pron above, the adis surface iae $ aia i loosely imbricsiede
p. 233.
Lindl. in 3 C. prodr 5.
EE erhaps lilac-color; the disk purple. Lindl.—
have from Western Gas (collect avenw Re
perfect specimens, which ma ips be referred to this species, if ind
mer not rather a more glabrous and attenuated state rummondii,
ate racemes: the tall and slender stem is nearly glabrous;
» more ess cordate, on distinct margined petioles, strigose-
scabrous above, pubescent beneath.
36. A. Lindleyanus: stem stout, glabrous, or pubescent in lines, corym-
bose-paniculate above ; leaves (thickish) mostly sm mooth and gla brous, ovate,
sharply and unequally serrate ; the radical and lowest cauline usually some-
what cordate, on broadly d petioles ; ; the uppermost oblong lanceo-
late, narrowed at the base, sessile; heads loosely-paniculate or somewhat
corym ; scales of the deis linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat un-
equal, r: loosely imbricated ; 1:52 > 2 gayle almost PT —A.
) Hoo
: at deciduous Pe,
I more Seni leaves Spir ae radical and lower
Bor.- Am. 2. t 9, S orat W d petiole.—A. precox, Lindl.! in Hook. f
anid? and on the Red or Assiniboin River, Doug-
las! to Slave | Lake, Richardson! 8. Rocky Mountains (probably about
lat. E ! y. Fort Franklin on the Mackenzie River, Richard-
son ! AEI to 4 feet high, when perrin in low fertile soils on the
er, according to Douglas (in herb. Hook.) ; the Ac Mu
inches h. Leaves thickish or somewhat fles.
y acute or acuminate, serrate with small and ian
ASTER. COMPOSIT 2. : 193
often truncate at the bids, on rather long margined or semi e part Ü sheath
ing petioles, which when young are usually ciliate with soft ,b
wards naked: upper cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, ie or
acuminate at each end. lower branches erect, often nearly simple, and
corymbose at the summit, leafy € * the divisions. Heads arger than in
A. cx eem or sagittifolius : rays about 20, blue or violet; the disk chang-
ing to purple. Scales of the inv Since rather few, with slen der linear-lan-
ceolate | green tips—To this apparently well-m hae and exclusively northern
species also refer the specimens of which are cited under
A. sagittis in Hooker’s Flora; ‘ibe: ‘like. others from Saskatcha-
wan, are larger than = Aretie plant, and with more numerous € rather
smaller heads, but there is no other difference. Tá the latter, even the radi-
cal leaves are but slightly cordate or truncate at the base, and some of them
— — into the petiole; so that we find no adequate e distinction be-
tween them and the A. przcox, Lindl. in Hook., which was collected in the
same region.
37. A. oe RA stem simple (6-8 inches high); leaves all
ovate, sharply s the middle, ciliate, abruptly n rrowed into a
[ma irinè] padole, a Ae the margins; heads apti sessile or on
Short pedicels, p nos ; scales of the mor erect, with mem-
ion s tips. Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 9, & in DC. prodr.
» 235.
lave Lake, Richardson !—Dr. Lindley has remarked the close resem-
blance of this plant to his A. precox on A. cem pad y- ) of which we
greatly fear it is only a depauperate state. The heads maller, and in
h
See bee 8 nos 7 ) ela scales of the cam-
panulate or hemispherical involucre closely nirindei in sna series, rigid, more or
less unequal; the coriaceous whitish base appressed, with abrupt mostly squarrose or
ces herbaceous tips: achenia minutely pubescent : rays (10-25) white or pale
stems much branched or fue: : cauline leaves rigid, sessile, linear, lanceolate,
or vedete entire; the radical and lowermost oblanceolate or spatulate, sometimes
serrate.—Ericoidei.
t Leaves tapering to each end, or narrowed at the base: scales of the involucre
broadest at the base, with subulate or acute green tips.
38. A. ericoides (Linn.) : glabrous or vemm hairy, racemose-compound ;
Es simple branchlets or pe on cles rac nd mostly unilateral on the
ite spreadin radical and lowest
Lam ;
Lindl. / » herb. Hook. herb Torr.; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 2
florus, Miche. ! f. 9. p. = Willd. enum enum. 2. p. 880, in part (cis including
Specimens of A. coridifolius & A. tenuifolius, fide Nees). A. tenuifolius, —
*
mU
* c»
194 COMPOSITE. ~" ASTER.
Willd. spec. 3. p. 2026 (excl. syn.) ; Nutt: ! gen. 2. p. 155; — ! ft.
Cest. .467. A. tenuifolius, & £. ericoides, is Se La d "-
“ Hoffm. phytogr. bl. 1. t. A, f. 2”; Willd. e wn erb.,
Nees ; not of Linn. A. ramosissimus, A. T s A. mee
ort. Par. ide DC.
B. villosus: stem and matr and usually the dtd. tap ee —:
A. villosus, croi fl. 2. p. 113. A. pilosus, Willd. ! 3. p. 2025;
Nees. Ast. p. 109. A. glabellus, Lindl. ! in Hook. E ee bot. mag. 1.
z y- pla typhyllus: stem and ig A shorter branches densely villous;
auline leaves pubescent-hirsu lanceolate ; = lower ones oblong-
spatulato; those of the ee only subulate-linea
soil, Canada and nearly throughout the United boy 8. North
ires! and Ohio! to Missouri! y. N. Carolina, Schweinitz! Mr. Curtis!
Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Aug een 1-3 feet high, aim based from
the base, bushy; the slender Sa, ed branches, and the erect secund
branchlets or peduncles, ri ves numerous, but not very crowded,
er. cr
terior scales similar to the subulate leaves of the branchlets, and like them
cuspidate with a short bristle, citt rather short and appressed, when the
ctr appears sl ihn eem „Or almost as long as the innermost,
phe
nd & J
Tests ceo hm dilated margins. Rays 15-25, white ed
P. blish-purple the ‘disk fred ict Punt reddish-purple. Achenia
with a dense min ubescence, turgid. Pa
nsition to ou y. wa
have specimens Vidi such broad cauline leaves (often half an inch wide by
2 to3 cota ms y that no fois ist would venture to unite se wit
A. ericoides very full suite of intermediate specimens. a
the scales of th the archi are rather more equal; but we perceive no > other
tt esit crowded ; the upper not narrowed, but usually dilated or partly clasping
at the base: ee of the involucre spatulate, or narrowed below, mete —
the exterior with obtuse herbaceous tips.
39. A. multiflorus (Ait.) : cinereens palenscnt or hairy; stem eae
: mose-compound; the heads very numerous and crowded, somewhat
unilateral ; leaves linear, pcm closely neu. not tapering at ,
with 1 oth ate-scabrous or cilia MATE ee or at len, eth recurved
i) 3.
- spec. 3 . p. 2097 diam. . 9. . 880 ; - Persii Ji. 9. p. 546; Ell.! sk.
2. p. 3497 tee 14; l-1 in DC. prodr, 5. p 243, Sin Hook.
ilo PP" E f 3
be A kaladi SA ns ye
wae
ay n S RA U
tz ? VOU wg Š 2 ; Po ? > 7 d Are
wee
AsTER. - COMPOSITE. 125
Ji. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 13. A. ericoides TF D EY t. 36, Ff. 40. A.
ericoides, Lam. dict. 1. 2 304 ; Michr.! fl. 2 A. ericoides var.
multiflorus, Pers. syn. 2. p. 443. A. ciliatus, Mal in Willd. spec. 3. p.
202 - dumosus, Dc. ! prodr. 5. p. 241 (as to spec. in herb., excl. char.
& syn.); Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 311? (Varióe, in the pubescence of the
i
which are either dense and elongated, or more compound and thyrsoid ; or,
in sterile soil with few and scattered heads, sometimes even solitary and
Dear the t holds
ulis: stem strict, slender, narrowly racemose at the summit, or
slightly crai heads Marcos d aside kx rii scales c the invo-
lucre mostly acute, more equagro e—A. des var., Lindl.! in herb.
Hook. A. ericoides, Hook.! fl. Bor Am. 2. » 132 (c hielly), "TÉ syn.
y sites: bouts a arger, fewer, solitary on e Asis tae or racemose-
Spicate.—4A. ramulosus, 8. incano- pilosus, ys n Hook. Am.
2. p. 13, & in DC. l. c. A. biennis, Torr. ! E n "Hie. New York, 2. p.
212; Lindl.! in herb. Torr. ; sisi of Nut
Dry fields and sandy or gravelly soil, EEE, Massachusetts! and New
York! to Georgia ; and throughout the Western States from Michigan! to
the Upper Missouri! B. Sas wi ad and towards ky Mountains,
Drummond ! y. Upper Missouri, Dr. James! Rocky Mountains, Drum-
mond ! r to Fort] Franklin on fie Markonis Riven, egre / Aug.-Nov.
—Stem 1-2 feet bien, muci branched, very bushy ; the branches mostly
pags very leafy; = mall € usually crowded i in ee racemes.
Lea nerved, or som vehat 3-nerved by th f the few veinlets,
obtuse: or scarcely gine but icantly tipped with a mucronate brutos p cau-
ones a nch and a half in length, 1-2 lines wide, often with tufts
= aiar ones fascicled i in their axils; those of the branchlets much fain
rowded. Involucre 2 to 3 lines in diameter ; Ses scales rather rigid, whitish
and appressed, except ae ipee spreading or recurved green tips, usually
mucronulate like the leaves; the exterior schede more spatulate, and ob-
e ud
nce.— ^: ar. P. is a more attenuated ied pelis growing i
shady places, seg the leaves also more slender; certainly not a variet
A. erico guae Vae have a seen the specimens from * Red River, Douglas,’
cited under species jl. Bor ege and know not whether they
should be d her Ee vd i
to considerable variation. It was a specimen of this plant (erroneously
named A. biennis in ind Torr.) that Dr. Lindley had: in view, when he
close
remarked the close affinity of = z ramulosus B. with A. bi nnis Nutt.
(A. canescens, Pursh) We have also a specimen of A. multiflorus a., with
more scatter de heads, tollet i in "Michi EA which Dr. Lindley has Jabelled
‘A. canescens, Pursh’: hence, eg e some misappreh De
Candolle, on his authority, has given Massachusetts as a habitat of that spe-
cies; which, however, is not found east i Maiipit:
40. A. falcatus (Lindl.) : — cinereous-pubescent with appressed
race or somewhat quet "e summit ; -
hairs; stem strict, slender,
the he litary veral on pe erect contrac v 3
entire, minutely appressed-pubescent; the y clasping by a —
b mewhat dilated base, often slightly falcate, the margins scabrous;
scales of the hemispherical invol linear, rowed love =
nearly equal in length, with /
Be COMPOSITJE. ASTER.
! fl. Bor.- Am. 2. p. 12, & in DC. prodr. 5. p. 241. A. ramulosus a.,
Tonal’ in Hook. l. c E e Fi in DC. l.c. p. 243. A. Pineda Nutt.
pie Dea mer. phil.
merica, un Lies iae in on the Mackenzie ipei on Cum-
berland House on = Seow Richardson!—Stem 1-2 feet high.
very numerous, 13-2 inches long, l-nerved or obecurely 3-nerved,
usua ually h broadest at the: base, a ire rai acute or obtuse, but tipped with a m
rg rstle. Heads i panpe or more or less compound narrow raceme,
ar da the ordinary states of A. multi deis ; 8 scales of the nearly
atone involucre more Ps ual, Ls acute.— - faleatus and the
typical A. ramulosus of Lindley ( (kom Fort Franklin <a Canbe land Hous se)
i ebad us cntro similar; and the affinity of the species is clearly wi
ti
A. Nuttallii: smooth and nearly glabrous; branches racemose, simple,
Eis naked, bearing solitary or few heads ; leaves linear, rigid, entire, with
scabrous margins; the upper sessile or somewhat clasping by a broad base ;
the radical and lowest cauline lanceolate, tapering into a petiole; scales of
the involucre unequal, closely imbricated, thiear-oblong, with short herba-
ceous tips; the exterior obtuse.—A. ramu osus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil.
j E
near, entire, ay need closel pins, lightly anlar the radical
ones obla Baoen; serrulate towards the summit, tapering into a petiole ;
heads racemose or slightly panicled scales of zen involucre frantic’ very
acute, viscid, rather loosely imbricated in about 3 series, somewhat spread-
ing.—WNutt.! in trans. De phi i. - e.
* Plains of Lewis River, in the Rocky Mountain region: with A. ramu-
losus [A. Nuttallii], hick k *elossly eir but differs à e every
where somewhat pubescent and viscid, with a stron ng scen Stem
t a foot high." Nuttall !—Heads as large as in the Puer ciu Involu-
cre rather shorter than the ferruginous pappus. Ovary pubescent.
43. A. bracteolatus aes stem er ese ; leaves linear
or oblong-linear, acute, sessile e, entire; heads mose-paniculate, mostly
solitary on the leafy [mis inv voluere litio, puso ng; ‘the scales ob-
long, somewhat acute; the oute t similar to the branch leaves. Nil
wn trans. Amer. soc. l. c.
phil.
“ With the pee to which it is nearly allied, but remarkable by the
z ucrum. e adical leaves are unknown. w 1 and
1 y taan in the two preceding; the leaves nearly all similar.
Flowers CS, rather Marge. Nuttall.—'This s species is unknown
us: we introduce it here on account of the resemblance it is said to bear to
the preceding.
"MN Ru Quee Qn een p tali maid ramen; scales of the in-
oS and unequal in length, membranaceo- , with short ap-
Spreading (not squarrose) greenish tips: em n 5
or nearly glabrous : rays (12-30) usually pale or white, often small: stems
pressed or somewhat
bescent
ASTER. COMPOSIT &. 127
length much branched, racemose or paniculate, rarely corymbose : leaves serrate or en-
lire (the radical spatulate, obovate, or oblong); the cauline sessile, usually tapering at
the base —Dumosi.
+ Heads small: rays often short.
m. entire, mucronulate, with minutely serrulate-sc abro argins; those
of the branches short and aditus spreading, linear-subulato or lanceolate :
n of the glabrous geben subulate-linear, very acute, imbricated in
40 ries, somewhat spreading, the Sineto fully as long as the disk;
fave oy short.— Ell. ! sk. 2 2. p. 348.
Damp or dry soil, Paris Island, South Carolina, Elliott ! Florida, Dr.
inches
heads shorter than the leaves — subtend them. Lower lea ves s apni
ly 2-3 inches long, and 2-3 line wide; those of the branches 4-2 lines long,
with somewhat hispidly aio margins (under a lens). Scales of the
erous ;
ond t
nt.— =, oe E species, which we have only seen from
sources mentioned ab
- A. Baldwini : n Ec pine stem paniculate-com-
sind the heads solitary or loosely racem the branchlets; leaves
rigid, closely sessile, partly acne. Sirs a cae ors mucronu-.
late; the cauline ones oblong-linear; those of the branches and branchlets
ceti in3or4s
a. leav -— reed iei crowded on the branchlets; scales of the involu-
cre burovly I linear, very a
B. leaves more s scarey d on b dis enm be of A involuere broader
acute.—A. coridifolius, Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. l. p. 97 (partly), not
of Michx.
Dry soil? a. Georgia, Baldwin! "ue sp. in herb. Schweinitz, now herb.
acad. Philad.; the specimens mixed with A. coridifolius s = ericoides.)
uisiana, Drummon t
he
ering, how , in i or even minutely EA pubescence, more
upper leaves, which are xt E at the base and p
maine, and in the RE t rough pubesc ; but the involucre, achenia, &c.
are e abundantly different. The fully developed branches of A. azureus (with-
t the lower leaves) somewhat resem ble var £. of this species; but they
ish i sc of the turbinate
lowest cauline leaves are unknown to us: ‘the stem are an i
tan inch aad & half long ; Quos of the branches gradually reduced to one
128 J COMPOSITE. ASTER.
_or three lines. Scales of the involucre rather loose and spread. when old.
. Rays apparently blue or purple. Achénia slightly pube
46. A. dumosus (Linn.): stem glabrous or slightly Aabe =pabeihenl
È racemosely branched or desea; the heads solitary at the extremity of
the spreading branchlets, or rarely somewhat racemed ; leaves linear, crowd-
ed, glabrous, with scabrous margins, sessile ; the lower cauline ones linear-
lanceolate, sites remotely serrate with Shall e ie sharp appressed teeth;
those of the branchlets small, mucronulate; scale th i
spatulate, obtuse (or pe rae bruptly and s slightly mucronulate), closely
de Aud in = s wi po geo tips.
niculate-r; t anchlets clothed with numerous
obo ea aad obtuse ( gie mueronulate) sm s and present. $2 es;
1
the upper vg leaves frequently obtuse.—A. d us, Linn n
spec. 2. v3 (ox g syn. Gronov. ?) ; Ait. P it i 1) 3. p. 202; Bigel.
- Bost. ed. S. p. ; Boott! in herb. Hook. A. Americanus
&c., Pluk 78, 3 6 fragilis, ane ! in herb. Hook. &c. ly,
/
pm racemose-compound or decompound; the s lender and
Tees iffuse b branches and branchlets clothed with crow p. depanperate
and bract-like, spreading or reflexed, rather obtuse, linear leav the lowe
cauline leaves linear, elongated, mostly epitesi cori ibis - Miche. ! !
2. p. 112; Willd. spec. . 2028; Pursh, fl. 2. p. ; Nees, Ast. p.
Sra Lindl. bot. reg. ? 1487, & in herb. Hook. gu. Di. prodr. 5. p.
Edi. ! ak. 2. P: 2s probably not of À. foliolosus —
3 ilius Nu. gen. 2. p. 1 À. sparsiflorus, Willd. enum. partly,
bulafol ius: diffusely emprei; leaves of the branches and branch-
des athe subulate-linear, erect or slightly — ; otherwise as
acilentus : stem slender, soaker sparingly branched; leaves scattered
on the en "i ER — — or obtuse; all usually entire.
- strictior
į
Pe
"
aringly pan daga ate or racemose-compound ; frr 3
amans more or vede He ; the 7m r ones often slightly serrate; those o
the short branchlets rather Duiheibos, scarcely spreading; otherwise n nearly
as in a.—A. — — ! in sto. € ir eg d
. subr tem mpound ; the heads often somewhat
racemed ; feats: most sins uae smt ones open» remotely serru-
late ; those of the branches more scattered, slender, and pro caca tional, ken ;
- scales of the D rather narrower, often slightly acute.—A. dum wc
Nees, Ast. p. 105, ex descr. A. foliolosus, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p- 202!
excl. syn. Dill. ?
or moist shady soil throughout the United States: a. Massachusetts! —
a to Alabama! B. Throughout the Southern States! — is pine woods.) ©
Y. Texas, Drummond ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Leaven 6. Alabama,
Dr. Gates! also in Georgia aia Florida! e. Vermont! ead. Mi chigan ! a
- r &c., ny = moist soil. c Northern and Middle States-
—Oct.—Stems 1-3 fee high. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, 2-5 lines .
ee those of the Fechos and branchlets reduced frequently to —Á— lines
in length, sli wi e ciliolate-scabrous margins. Heads
usually about 4 lines i in Hipp" eid ered : Scales of the regularly imbri-
ona nul the length `
t i er
— while the foliage, in the vast num
ond imaginable gradation between
à x o
_Asver. e - COMPOSITAE. " 129
* a th i Tu c Iti is o unlikely that we have united two or more one ‘te
Ma dus 3n. we have soigh, in vain for any a vailable distinctions, we are —
compelled to arrange the cipal forms as varieties. "The effects of culti-
vation, so far as our abackration or ox ise to confirm in correctness 4
_ 0 this view. Specimens of the form we have assumed as the of the spe
ci
cies have been compared. pih the Linea and Banksian herbaria byDr. —
the A. dumosus of Linneus. V
S 47. A. Tradescuntte (Linn. ): stem $ MCA often somewhat per scent in ^
uut lines, much branched; the (small) heads numerous, usually densely race- i,
on t eres b. at Jen gu divergent virgate branches, often.
i unilateral leaves sessile, on scabrous margins ; the cauline ones
l lanc nceolate-linear, kro de muc ata ute Or acuminate, remotely serrate
ne middl and sharp euh: the upper and those of the branches
ssively shorter and usu tire, mucronulate; t of chlets
. oblon es
Pis, cd 3 or 4 séries, appressed ; the in eect rather shorter than the
nn. hort. Cliff. p. Ly hort. Ups. p. 262, & spec, 2. p. 876 ; Michz.!
2.54115; Pursh! ft. zi 556; Ell. sk. 9. p. 358; Nees, Ast. p. 103;
indl.! in herb. Torr. (not ir fn orb, Hook.) ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 241., A.
- Virginianus vm, cg serotinus, parvis floribus albis, Moris. hist. 3. ps
3
a Ms Mna t | ict. T. p. 06. A. recurvatus, mg fl. 2. 9.
A 55 ? Nut. gen. 9. p. 158?
$ D. : cáuline leaves, aep the lowermost,
d se da e. or entire, digas spores ; mu more gaue
+A. fragilis, Willd. spec. 3: p. 2051; Nees. Ast. p. : MSS»
rb. Hook. ; not of Lindl. DC. E E multiflorus, Nutt! gen. 2. 4 Mo P
.) fide herb. A. tenuifolius, Ell. ! E p. 347, not of Lin -—
mm — rivulets, in dry or rather vist soil, Pahar A to *
cky and Louisiana! not uncommon. Aug.—Oct.—Stem 2-4
S-
ranches very numerous, slender, racemosely arrange ed
the. or rarely somewhat corymbose or pan pM at first often
NR e ngth divergent or even divaricate, bearing very numerous
heads on short pedicels, "vr slender strict r AC ri which decrease
gradually in size e upw s; in v eS mes often more irregu
= looser, more *paniculate. Lower retos leaves 3 to 4 or 5 inches long,
"i 3-1 lines wide, acute at each end, DS less evidently serrate with
* d teeth. on each rgi len rat ar. some à
f Mat spreading, but when minute are closely appressed; pu of branch-
pU rs sand branchlets suecessively reduced in size ler in A.
oe. mosus, about as large as is dues ary in the gone specie Scales
_ the involucre fewer and narrower than in the former. ee
| purplish. A clienia closely
mewhat approaches narrow- .
da end fewer, and con- -
semble forms of A-
ps
th much larger
under the name of
e
VOL. 0.-17
why
-130 Ts COMPOSITE. s
> Be c3 d
i
shorter, the foi a R about the length of ie disk), acute or rather obtuse ;
short, and often inconspicuous.— Linn. spec. 2. Pa 887? (excl. syn.
Dill. Elth. t. 35, f. 39.)* A. miser, Pus s, diffusus, & pde Ait.
Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. EON oa of most, if not all, succeeding author.
a. miserrimus : S iptical-la m-lanceo slate leaves
ess s doen or pu tes nt; ‘thie. foleg g bfa nches short, seldom
divergent; ee of the inven narrowly lind or linca-onceolate acute.
—A. mise y-), Nees! Ast. p. 111. A. miser, var. Nutt./ herb, A. >”
myrtifoli 4 Wild. enum. suppl. fide, Nees.—The following are the chief ,
vi S: 1. Stem somewhat simple, puberulent-scabrous, as well as the |
leaves ; heads glomerate or Seep d p a hat racemed branchlets
which ^u often ea or sometimes lon ; in the
ASTER.
ani vk,
somewhat secund and spicate on the (abbreviated or soniótitue elongated) ~
ascending flowering branchlets. " miser, var. Nees.! in herb. Arn. &
Hook. Jacksonville, Lowisiana, Dru ix
Piece i mostly cinerotaa c, a or scabrous; leaves m 4
— elliptical-lanceolate, or cuneiform-oblong, scabrous above, :
at | :
anches; scales of the involucre linear, obtusish or abruptly acte
aries: 1. Stem low (6-18 inches pes sid in or with ascending
branches; heads glomerate in Lowe at t of the stem pr 5
branches, and in the axils of the upper Raves or on shorsiebresdihg flower-
. ing branchlets; scales of the rai ina megi or Bie a "s "
__ the innermost sometimes narrower and more acute. (A. miser, Nutt./ gen-
2. p. 158; Darlingt.! fl. Pot. p ` 466.) 2. Plans ; taller, less pu ubescent ; ae
_ heads (rather smaller) loosely ke rr along "i e or rm diva- - E
ricate branches; or the lower flow ring branches somewhat-compound. (A+ d. .
diffusus, Muhl. ! in herb. ec Š ; Nees, Ast. (partly, ) and in ACE Am- 4 2.
Hook. ! St. cose ed wei
ad. Uus: or glabrous belam uch branched ; leaves
y glabrous (cosy sient. Beabrous above a sparsely pu ubes-
oval; branche “diffuse, 1 tly elo biftilcd, divergent, Sunc ed eptesdiat =
heads loosely or densely ra 3 involucre RA
ar, e or acutish.—A. ig (partly 7), divergens, eremi & par-
ees, Ast DE De rgens, Mas vey parv M
i nt
: T aine leaves vary ts
a. ate (3-5 inches, n in some specimens from Kentucky =
and Wisconsin even 6 inches s long,) or t o jowl even broadly oval, to
cuneiform-lanceolate, oval-lanceolate es is ION dh ; the more or less -
as x. ois "x
í
f the dormi species to which the name of ;
ied by.succ ding, piotanists ; but this is by no means |
Aw
he “fg
zu ~s
i ASTER. 4 t COMPOSIT £. 131
d elongated primary branched are ascending or ax dildo the heads -
umedy disposed ane them on short pedicels, so form elo ving ttt ede
racemes, sometimes forming small glomerules, niet ai very numerous
in spiciform divaricate racemes, or frequently more loose and somew ius
pci M de. Some of the na rrow-leaved forms, with the midrib pubes-
lowing :
sca e of the. involuc win A daily linear, ds shoe
s nearly entire, but sie of them téspotely and ve
ed serrate (4-5 inches iuo “attenuate-acuminate); t e midrib: id
hirsute beneath; heads few, in racemes much. shorter than a leaves. (A.
ae Lindl. ! ! fay DC. prodr. re . 942, ex hay ae ey 3
Upper i sessile glomerules. (Wayne County, o . Sartwell !)
pe # 1. Old tben of. roo &c., Canada! Jui throughout the United
. Aug.-Oct A polym y deae species, 10 3
to
when nearly simple, but at
- e or tinged with purple, short, often `
Ye. ouspictiots : the corolla of the disk often turning purple ; the limb deeply
A SR Achenia minutely pubescent.—This is the most polymorphous
_ Species of the genus. lt would be easy to arrange its most remarkable
- forms as distinct speci ‘but perfectly impossible to characterize them.
Even our var. diffusus 1
with n cally ;
be ^ ES Or x hea EE Ives: the latter is sometimes called A. sane. d
ne 49.
e A. Lamarckianus (Nees): stem pubesce ent in lines, racemose-decom-
oS 2 en nd, coarctate; the branches panie uio d leaves lanceolate, -
... acuminate, sessile, Veg sca potait , scabrous above; those of. the branch- .
lets lanceolate-acuminate, spreading ; scales a. the involucre linear, rather -
i. _ equal, loosely imbricated. Nees, Ast. p. 100; Lindl.! in Hook. fl. Bor. —
Am. 2. p. 11; _ prodr. 5. p. 941. A. paniculatus, oa: dict. 1. È 306.
L" (not of Ait), fide Nees. A. Tradescanti, Nees, synops. p. 28.
viflorus, Lindl. in Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. l. c.
4 nada, according to T each, Nees. apes’ pala Richardson!
Drummond ! (v herb )—Ac this species is
ae iecur from any with which he - de i gis his A. divergens.
any with w.
m Sa skatchawan appea
cime of ie species cultivated i in the Berlin!
T s *-.— t Heads mid
j e 50. A simpler (Will): stem , grbrous mp
branches somewhat corym summit ; T dn branc
bearing fow [middle-sized] CES acuminate, am «
p+ an * y
we'd 2 M
IN. ; COMPOSITE. it, ASTER.
the margins ns scabrous ; the tower erae; — of the involucre lose i
bricated, linear-subulate. Nees.—Willd 2. p. 887 ape ers p.91;
. prodr. 5. p. 239. A.l anceolatu d. spec 3. p.2 ? (as species
of doubtful origin, E not mee € of space lt authors ?
E — “Darlin ngt.! fl. Cest. p. 467 ; not o. e A. :estivus, Ait. ?
Wi
^ oem diffusely branched ; the branches pubescent in lines, often —
and diverging; heads (variable e but mostly rather large) racemose-scattered ;
scales í is code linon IB (rays blue or —ÓÓ : nega =A. recur-
vatus, Nees, Ast. elgii var. minor, in herb. Hook.
A. divergens (parily), ? indi: hin ben. Hook. A. VN PE ihe Lindl.
in
f. nds ( (middle-sized) i in dense or Recap axillary racemes which are
slibreat than the cauline leaves; other
à. stem tall I reo i high) erect ; bé disce hirsute or pubescent, often
n lines; hea i^ (preity large) loosely racemose or somewhat paniculate
pov the ey of the branchlets; rays blue
stem 1-2 feet high, pubescent in ned above; heads numer r crowd
ed on the short branchlets, small; rays pale blue or bluish-whit
et banks of st and gins of anada! and nearl
throughout the United States! a. ô. & e. Common in the Northern and Mid-
dle States! 8. Ohio! Kentucky a! Aug.
fo robably so fo
ees a veian ted in European gardens have eon p». ed from it; and |... |
_ perhaps A. obliquus, Dee is among the number. Some states are, MOre- |
|». Over, very near our A. tenuifolius y. bellidi florus; and our var. e. close i
approaches A. Trades, but has larger heads, and broader as well as,
more deeply serrated lower satt Big leaves are 1 to 4 inches long, 3-10 .
lines wide, peus to an acuminate vfi acne glabrous and smooth on both `
the ;
e
rrowed to the base, sessile or slightly clasping; the uppermost and
those of the branches sly i — Seu les of the obov bps involucre more
minutely pubescen
Tw 51. A. ois. s (Linn. ): nearly glabrous; stem —
* e
bl narrowly lanceolate or lanceolate-linear, mostly elongated, attenvate-acufil-
die n cio geb the lower ones usually sharply serrate 10 the
ae middle ; € those of e branches and branchlets entire, attenuate, proportioned ;
xo les wes rical involucre nümerous, linear’ or subulate-linear,
Ys _ acute, eiie rund, or the points somewhat "mene, — innermost,
y as BE the the disk; rays rather short. —Linn. s cx 2. p. 8 —
soe tea cn Nees, Ast. p. 119; DC.! prodr. 5 pe d ae, "
canus Belvidere folis, &e. Pluk. alm. 56, t7 ^d pns lyphy us,
Wild. enum. 2. p. 8 p f polyp 2
e Nees. A. junceus, Pursh, fl. 9. p. 557 ; ( Lo
sk. 2. p. 356?) Nees, s 26, fide Nees. A. radescanti ary)
Lindl. ! in herb ) - Hoo rep p T .
iat Tamosissimus : panieulatel ately pon branched ; the: "branches ene branch- . .
Ps s somewhat mig Limp imt pubescent; leaves often scabrous ; scales ,
vo og ae abad pe numerous, linear-subulate —
indl. F weh, Hook. À. tenu ifolius y. Nees, ^
_ ASTER. i La COMPOSER A 133
è 1
heads often iege racemose; le dido, or frequently scabrous
above; scales of the involucre narrowly linear, ac acute, loosely imbricated.—
A. - belldiflorus, Wiles enum. 2. p. 886 ; wes om p. 97; DC. prodr. 5.
; Lindl. ! b Bor. n A. angustus & rigidulus,
on es narrowly lanceolate or
ear y en eş "wm oie = usually entire ; heads
(A. cedes 7 Wild. spec. 3. p. 9 i po e
t. Berol.)
. . 35
synops. A. artemisic fictus, Jo. Ms i ` 50 0.): 3. Lower
leaves rather broadly lanceolate, sharply and often coarsely serrate, or some-
times arany en
Low moist pes Canada (y. from — M ces !) and Northern
Stine to the upper districts of N. Caroli Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet
igh, usually rather stout and rigid ; the woman often pubescent, especiall
n lines. Cauline leaves ici from 24 to 5 or even 6 inches in wri i
prm of the nubes very gradually reduced in size), narrowed at the 6
tapering above to a long attenuate very sharp point, scabrous-ciliolate under
ka 8 lens, of arather firm texture, with a strong midrib, the a copiously
^ A and.co nep re poo beneath. Heads about middle-sized (larger
than in A. m ; the sc of die involucre acute or RE somewhat
h h
e wu ^: ys numerous, considerably longer than the disk (which sometimes
. turns pufplupy pale purple or nearly white, usually mmm a deeper
it before fading
ad 52. A. carneus (Nees) : pulus or the strict racemose branches some-
* ^ * what pubescent in lines; leaves uniform, entire or nearly so, narrowly lan
. . ceolate, mucronate- ^ inque slightly scabrous above, with serrulate-sca-
" brous margins; the low ore or less attenuate towards the base; the upper
> ge x: and ew aimag: heads (middle-sized) racemose towards the
T it of th the leafy bran ches ; involucre obovate, apres shorter than
pres * DC! ! pro wed » p. 237, Sari y- a with the heads few and near-
Y fs 2 sessile, on short leafy branches, which are aggregated in a compact ra-
Ta (A. salicifolius, Muhl.. ! in herb. Ell., partly.)
. ya ple ve Saas racemosely much branched ; the branches beter very a
i T rous densely ra
A3 - mose heads; leaves minutely scabrous above ; those of the branches "ient
a” oblong-linear or lanceolate.—A. m asper, indi ! in Hook. . to bot.
. ma ~ 97, & in rodr. 5. p. aries: 1. Exterior scales of
"^ he involucre somewhat spatulate-linear, obese or abruptly a
and very slight-
QA 4. e: 92. Stem densely gn 009 com ^ wien ummit; leaves of ©
Y the branches and branchlets very short yopec
A state of s _— with short leaves and pene ur scattered along the
W sle —— bra on it with our v
ix r iguus : parsers codem along z the Meer o somewhat
T on short rt pe os ncles ; involucre conspicu usly gione an the disk ; pgs
leaves elongated, rather broadly lanceolte mach. Ama at each end,
& — sharply se rrate in the middl im^ the branches nearly as
nv
AREE s
m Moist soil, Mancolisetts, (near Boston, $ Boott !) to o Pennsylvania,
2 Muhlenberg ! Schweinitz ! and Ohio, Dr. Riddell ! Mr. Sullivant ! B. St.
s i mmond ! Indiana, Dr. Cla, — ouisiana, Dr. Leaven-
134 COMPOSITE. $ ASTER.
and with the veinlets — as — — more abruptly narrowed
to a mucro san pagename p" f the nches 1-2 inches long,
ort. in
riable in this respect; the scales of the ivola betad er and shorter, ap-
pressed (or the — loose be more unequal, and regularly imbri ital,
pale, with short usually rhombic-ovoid ere tips, which are very slightly
spreading. Ra aye longer, broader, and more showy than in A. tenuifolius,
es, ( Nees), “nearly E. or incide light v — in the
he ish.
|» what dé nasi or laciniate.— This species was desc Nee ees, from p
cimens of uncertain derivation, cultivated in the iiec of Count Schenborn
Dr. Lindley identified a plant collected near Boston by Dr. Boott, with an
authentic specimen, from Nees. We have the )
other specimens, which clearly show that A. subasper of Lindley is only a
rm species. Although "iare isian from both, it closely
— A. laxifolius on om and A. tenuifolius (with which
es compares it) on the other. ‘ions: pins of it have not apanji
ii mn e Tradescanti a name often applied to what we consider
form of A. tenuifolius
m smooth and glabrous, racemosely branched or com-
u
very short bracteate Hardin s; involucre campanu eire somewhat pr
an the disk; the scales linear-lanceolate, acute, jae e closely imbricate
in nearly 3 series, the exterior somewhat shorter
N
ear Boston, Dr. B. D. Greene! Dr. Pickerin ng! (in herb. acad. Philad.) `
—The specime e se ant the lower cauline leaves, and d
afford sufficient information as to the size of the e cauline leaves
in the specimens are 3-5 — long, — half an inch broad, remotely ser-
te with minute tee a ra m texture; ww veinlets e. E €
surface cid rinichinted; but - 'consplonousl in A. c P
upper su very scabrous in one specimen, Tu li sligh tly so in ee aa
. the leaves p: the branches are pretty unifo ughout in size and shape,
orm.
12 ae long, lanceolate-ovate or elliptical, nett: all serrate like those of
the s Heads nearly the size of those of A. carneus f. subas
d :
à in 1
sharper uos tips. Rays rather s i, broadly linear, umen ent
plish; the turning to reddish-pu . Achenia minutely puberulent
"*"*9*9**» 95 Heads riens ar Ure EFT.
| late: scales of the involucre equal or somewhat
lax or spreading herbaceous er foliaceous tips; pe exterior frequently entirely ep
ceous : achenia pubescent or glabrous : rays usually large and numerous, blue or
ple: cauline leaves sessile, y the upper more or less clasping.—Salicifolii.
t Scales of the” involucre erect or appressed, with -— short — ms i
herbaceous tips; ir sea often entirely herbaceous
54. A. laxus (nn). stein racemose Maid e ecom-
oun; the branches E Pott dm the summit jy the aiis
j Fr Er um *
j & tae a ai
È
nequal, more or less imbricated, with
bis
aa : $
aS a
ÅSTER. M COMPOSIT/E. 135
elongated ; leaves narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, the margin (and often
the upper surface) scabrous; the lower ones somewhat serrate ; those of the
branchlets isis MA spreading; s koalés of the involucre in the termi-
nal heads loose, and nearly equal, lin of the others imbricated, reflexed
at the summit. "Nee. Willd. Pu? L9. . p. 886; (Pursh, fl. 2. p. 5572)
Nees, Ast. p. 95; DC. prodr. 5
North America, Willdenow. Ti us vide fields, New Jersey to Mi
Pursh ; who, debo pipbably had a different epee in view.
Bosto on, Dr. Boott! Dr. Greene! aped ook.) ork, Mr. Dibonnd!
Septet. The oo specimens we have seen agree very well with the
dus of Willdenow, and that of Nees, which we have copied.
toa
(3-5 inches long and 4-5 lines broad) are rather rigid, serrulate with scat-
tered appressed teeth, the upper surface more or less scabrous ; the upper-
most and those of the branches short, partly clasping and sometimes sligatly
dilated at the base. The heads are rather smaller than in A. prea € but
ch be
^ thely herbisgiés mu, broadly uat obtuse or miucronate-acute, often
as long as the disk, loose, at length squarrose- mam ; the outermost simi-
zı Jar to the leaves of the tea nchlets: in ; de lateral heads, when these are pro-
. ^. duced, the scales are regularly imbricated, as in A. prealtus. The rays ap-
- pear to be purplish- uel Although he has placed the two species at some
distance from A ther, Nees appears to suspect that his laxus may pass
into A. prealtus; which is most probably the case. Indeed these two species,
well as A. eod and A. Novi-Belgii, seem to be coniicit by a series F
intormélliaes forms.
és 55. A. prealtus (Poir.): stem or branches mostly ha airy in m race-
. ™mose-paniculate or corym at the summit; leaves lanceolate, partly x
^. elasping, acute, entire, or obscurely tubis ee glabrous, with sca-
o
ma r surface so
scabrous toward: apex and margins ; c sasn narrowed towards the
base; scales of the involucre unequal, loosely imbricated in 3 or 4 series,
linear-lanccolate, acute, often with the ee spreading ; pus po’ wen —
¿+ Poir. suppl. 1. p. 493 ; Nees, Ast. p. 71; DC. prodr. 5. p. A. sali-
^. cifolius, Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 203? (Pursh, fl. 2. p. 549 ): -Bigel. ji.
i^ - Bost. ed. 9. p. 309. A. vi virgatus, Nees, synops. p. 27.
Moist woods and rocky banks of streams, New Hampshire! Massachu-
setts! and perhaps throughout the Northern States Apg often m 1 to
*w : sa 6 feet high, often rather d and fims; frequently hairy o r pubes- 4
nt throughout when yang, at length smooth and glabrous except in lines, ~
fen t, branched near the. summ mit; the veni ches somewhat racemose
d ; the branchlets short, and usually form-
x Lyrsoid-corymbose inflorescence. Radical
ob d g, 1-2. inches long, obtuse, nearly entire,
i tapering into a liate margined short petiole, sheathing at the
base ; gll the bee par. rem hairy on the midrib when young. |
* leaves. about 4 inches long, 5-8 lines wide, ane gradually to an acute
point, of a firm texture, pale and very smooth narrow promi-
nent midrib, bright green above, usually a little scabrous only towards the
summit; the veins forming loose open reticula'ions, which are rather con-
spicuous in the older leaves; the ral usually with a more-or less dilated
*.- ot auriculate insertion. Heads rather l A = vohis Involucre vend
* as the LI the scales SS often somewhat narrowed to-
; base, Wer: , herbaceous aes
Rays violet or pale- blue, pretty
136 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
plant (the ligule as long as the involucre); the disk-flowers An changing to
Achenia minutely pubescent, or glabrous when — We should
the
have restored older name of A. salicifolius, were we at oil confident that
it belongs to this species: as this is doubtful, we have followed ei and
De Candolle. Pursh’s plant is said to grow from New York to Virg
. A. elodes: very smooth and glabrous; stem mostly nc corym
r rarely somewhat racemose- gap at the summit; leaves fient
lanceolate, Som acute or acum at each end, entire or sparingly ap-
presse e, shining, tola- pa the upper surface often minutely
Diebus y dem de the side and margins; the uppermost partly clasping by a
more or le ess narrowed base ; scales of the obovoid involucre rather closely
. gen.
B. leaves varying from "aov lanceolate to broadly oval-ianceolate, or
the lowermost inscantare- -spatu
et swamps, paride on erf Massachusetts! Long Island! New
Jersey! and Pennsylva AME Us and North Carolina! Aug.-Sept.
sedis usually iple, and 1 to 2 feet high, very srt, mostly sighs
are commonly shorter in proportion an pd B ore or less acu-
c uia at each end), mostly deep green EU shining misa and conspicu-
mr moea “a impressed veins, the margins often slightly an and sharp-
1 those of the branches small spreading. Heads large and showy,
Eo rather n du simple or somewhat otn corymbs, or some-
times paniculate racemes, solitary on a short and rather rigid, sparse and
diverging bas read Involucre glabrous or slightly pubescent; the scales
of a rather firm texture; the exterior herbaceous, except the pale broad mar-
ens of New
Massachusetts, and as "c uth at least as North Carolina. It varies much
in the form of the leaves, which are frequently as narrow as in A. paludosus,
but sometimes as wide as i iei ci It begins to flower when only
i
1
.8 or 12 inches high, a uid per rha aps seldom attains more than two feet in
poy while the heads s » s eeruan large and showy. We are not
57. A. Novi- Belgii mas : smooth and ous em (ác the
rn Mandy | pubescent i in lines), often somewhat glauc ous; stem stout;
the brane ‘id or slightly
os es ;
coriaceous, pale and very smooth, or slightly scabrous towards the margins
mee upper ama acia or oblong-lanceolate, somewhat iere 3 ape
ppermost and those of the bra s yi ^ a broader base, often
hemispheri en a) disk ; the scales
L2 aw "m ' x
Y
*
Aster. COMPOSITE. 137
8 i
(9. p. 554; Nees! Ast. p. 79; DC.! prodr. 5. p: 238, ied ay » A.
floribundus, Nutt.) A. Novi- der ergo &c. — Lugd. p t. 69.
A. serotinus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 9 (partly), fi e Nees. i oe
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 553 ?—The follo ATE varieties are ipea by Nees, all
em e large so
what corymbose; ray ample, &c.) Var. 8. squarrosus : leaves lance t
o d: branches simply EDAD us the heads somewhat
Se; ray broad and dense; scales of t olucre somewhat equal,
the exterior pi ie ioa) often Ipifécóóns atid elongate ted. (A. junceus,
recurvatus, an s, of so e gardens). Var. y. serus: stem taller;
ray dense, esli-colcieed: pue tish towards bus disk. Var. d. minor: leaves
lanceolate, attenuate ; the branches tomous-cor bos any-
owered ; ray shorter and ies so ie scs ot the petn ely im-
qe d. p edet ping smaller; stem low (A. floribundus, Willd.
. 88 i
crowded racem Y the iiid tof ax illa ary branches, ohiri are either ‘baie
or longer than the cauline casio PM — the stem or aggregate -
somewhat corymbose at tbe su —3. -— ds (smaller), racemose or ra:
SORA towards the su - of numerous slender branches, whi
are racemose along the ster venons upper panne a scales of the involucre
in
Borders of swa moist ground, from near the sources of the Mis-
eid (Banks of Spirit nm Mr. Nicollet N: to S. Carolina, Elliott! (A.
levis? Herb. Ell.!) and pose pa = iss Clay! apparently not -— com-
mon. Sept.-Oct.—Stem usually stout, 1-4 feet high. Leaves thickish;
the lower ones often 5-6 ache long, and — or inch — oin tapering
from above the middle to the _ with a pre rong m the margins
Scabrous; the primary veins few ; the rte es of the veinlets rather ob-
scure.
including the rather linear and pretty large pale blue rays, but sometimes
bw. o half that size. Exterior scales of the involucre occasionally her-
so with slight pale or scarious margins. Disk often turning purp
Achenia slightly pubescent.—Our plant, which whol ly accords with the des-
cription of A. Novi-Be elgii, a. Nees, is doubtless the. same with the original ie
Linens species, and with that figured by Hermann. Although e xtensively -
. diffused, it appears to be uncommon in this country. Tt has been cultivated
in Europe for more than a century : =a a half; and from from it several nominal
species have probably been derived.—The **specime e n Aster from Dr.
Scouler, gathered on the Colum , which Prof. Tii inclines to refer to
A. apis (Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. ued under A. luxurians,) is is either a
variety of A. Novi-Belgii, or belongs to new species, of which there are
not sufficient materials for de
58. A. amplus (Lindl.): stem simple, stout; the racemose branches some-
what Ve. Miny d , hairy above, bearing 1-3 lar arge heads; leaves
Feet with scabrous margins, slightly serrate or nearly entire; the radi-
cal ones oval-lanceolate, tapering into a den. narrowly-winged petiole, the
lower shlong iens, often auricula s tly clasping ; ed Spp
rowl long-lanceolate, „often auricu te-clasping; scales volucre
lan fe ig ng al, large.— — Lindl.! in Hook. ft. Bor.-
138 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
Rocky Mou se (lat. 549—569? ?), Drummond !—A plant with large -+
heads, mostl on the erect and simple often leafless branches; and =
ample eio dr rem the ra ical - ones; including the elongated petioles, à
sometimes mey a foot in le ength. y pubescent. Dr. Lindley
prees with A. brumalis.
A. Douglasii (Lindl.) : stem glabrous, racemose-compound ; the (few-
theca branches loosely paniculat gei manng few E large)
heads; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, mostl y somewhat narrowed at the
base, glabrous, nearly all s serrate ; pai of the hemispherical in voluere
broa inear (or
m.
utt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. ie. toe er)
regon, in low soils; common along the large rivers M r the d coast, Doug-
las! Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall ! Aug.-Se t.—Varies; wit rter pes
and more numerous smaller heads; and with more slender and naked
di^ anches, bearing fewer and larger heads (Lindl. ); and specimens collected
by Mr. Nuttall have shorter and broader leaves, with tuner stro Ely ¢ ciliolate-
scabrous margins. r. nd MON considers it allied t emin which it
60. A. “lajina (Nees): stem scabrous, racemose-compound, narrow;
the branches racemose at the summit or slightly compound; leaves narrowly
lanceolate (or lanceolate-linear), mucronatoly serrulate, attenuate to each
end, clasping, flaccid, scabrous above ; scales of the involucre linear, squar-
rose ; those of the terminal heads reyi d Nees, Ast oe uu dg pm
wan, ond not Arctic America.) A state with rigid leaves, the T
— the simply racemose heads, is A. zstivus, Lindl. !
Lini cedi stem — — scabrous, racemosely branched; the
and almost filiform branches spr eading ; leaves — i ly lan-
ceolate » elongated sere teenie rigid, scabrous above ; the mar,
remotely serrilate or often entire, ois heads foodely racemose
or somewhat paniculat
e at the extremity of ranches, on slender peine
branc es of the valute unequal, with some-
America (eiatd ; D Sg Leyden drin Nees. 8. Canada
pitcher, Pru e ask katchawan ! to Arctic
of Oregon!
à g PT P
: ra a
wid
al
P2 Milwaukie, Wisconsin, Dr. L
ASTER. ` COMPOSITE. 139
apham ! Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant !
Sept.-Oct.—We refer the A. salicifolius of Richardson to A. laxifolius, on
the authori ity of Dr. PEREA — is — ably acquainted with the plant of
Nees, whose specifie phrase we have copied. mark, that
es specimens do not well accord is the description of that species, which
aid to differ from A. vimineus, Nees, ** by its minutely an and remotely
Gilas leaves, 5-7 pers long and vn lines broad; by its narrower (flesh-
ee rays about half A size ; suis earlier florescence" ; and the stem
iss hil i
8
nearly as n A. puniceus; the rays numero
fully the te of de ebrei depone violet-blue; the achenia in
some yir rather densely, in others ngl
The var. y., which is probably not specifically. distinc: from the Wig.
an
is a ver aceful ith |
slender lax branches, and the heads loosely disposed at their extremities.
The cauline leaves are 4 or 5 inches long, ‘ad oS = d those of
e
squ
numerous, long, s Bory, app arently pale violet or purple; the disk gr,
purplish. Achenia minutely puberulent.—The A. gus of the
pean gardens may have been derived from this species
t t Scales of the involucre loose, narrow, acute, often recurved or spreading.
61. A. longifolius (Lam.): glabrous; stem smooth or Dn —
below, iege: ret ; the (middle- sized) heads loosely co
paniculate ; y ne Ly near ancl lange
t
nate involucre narrowly oe, dies pint eai Ed
spreading or often recurved; rays numerous.— Lam. tp. 308. 5, fide
n ! - 5. p. 239. A. eminens, Willd. enum. 2. p. "6067 ien - te
. junceus, beg Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 204, fide Nees, DC. $e.
siia go, Jl. 2. p. 553? (ex Nees. C.)
ned with mi
leaves mostly entir ne hue loser cona laneosiate s Y Pié of th
more or less
shorter and less s atin
yore pla se gut York to Carolina,’ Nees, DC. (derived partly
from Pe MS cited Br dere Faris A. duncodo Nevigatos, &c.) South-
s, Le Conte! 8. I ? Le
e pas, never met aa ^m Deis men iene in the h
Le Conte, whose specimens very wel
th
l. c., or A. longifolius e. levigatus, DC. L. c.) Nees ad
mutabilis, prin A. levigatus, Pursh: con is said to bea
feet M wiih the at aucem th
scabro ght green and lucid
ee
A
P"
E:
| 140 COMPOSIT X. ASTER.
rially differ from it. Another, the A. longifolius n. albiflorus, . DC :
eminens ». Nees,l.c. A. virgineus, Nees, synops.), que white rays, ee
verging to reddish-violen and more scabrous as well as b roader leaves: from
this the A. e var. virgineus, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1656, is said to differ
e
spreadi
but less spreading. Achenia minutely pu nt.—A. squarrulosus, pon
has apparently been derived from this species.
= 62. A. Elliot stem stout, very smooth and glabrous, upper portion
and the VR Lnd bra. t: min n ey d ep Ses in decurrent
lines ; leaves somew ie n s or dus scabrous
tapering
Pugna b e ae ER Denie). partly pena "but not dilated at
the insertion ; f the branches short, spatulate, oblong, or oval-lanceolate,
sercals te; Hx (middle-sized) iot lca Po ae of the obovate
olucre linear-subulate, _ somewhat equal, num B nint. $ series,
n
racer r more commonly paniculate or corymbose at the summit.
Cauline leaves 4-6 inches long, an inch or less in width, of a rigid texture,
w d not lucid, wi S
7ps in the foliage, while nvolner &c. are very
the rays,
by Elliott. have never observed the ces sea B aio’ as descri
—_— 63. A. puniceus (Linn. E eG hispid, stout, paniculate above ; leaves
long. lateselasping b ng ‘by a more or less auriculate base, acuminate,
‘the 1 us
ow
s ph es; "s -a ice a narrowly hs ip She
ee e acute, loose, equal, in about 2 series, as as the E-
M e E a few of the exterior porsie, y rie the terminal
heads) often broader, more foliaceous (linear- -lanceolate) and_bracteolate ;
ie x de
X x
ASTER. COMPOSIT X. 141
rays numerous, showy.—Linn.! hort. Cli 408, . 9. p. 875; ess
Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. pn Michz.! fl. 2. (s s Wd apes 5
Pursh! fl. 9. p. 554; Hook. ! jl. Bor. dae 2. p. 10; Darli ingi. i ! yu Cest. -
465; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 236. A. Americanus lutifoliue, puniceis caulibus,
Lugd. p. 649, t. 651. A. hispidus & A. amoenus, Lam. dict. 1. p.
} di es; wi
i et . pu
Lindl. bot. m. t. 163 36) : in aun size of de heads pies ng A. Nov ake n-
pn apana when scattered; € considerably smaller; i eeomdir- very
and corymbose-paniculate: the leaves varying from rather nar-
iain, eere to o oblong-lanceolate or oblong, or the lower € even obovate-
oblong ; either narrowed n e base, or cordate-clasping ; ; the teeth scat-
ere mo. —
8. firmus : stem deir stout, often lg ca smooth and glabrous below,
lightly hai
towards the summit s g rie either p es or in a
leaves moderately or slightly Peru. fia above; exterior scales of the in
cre rather broader and more foliaceous ; " m Wide "LA. ri in
C.
Nees, Ast. p. 66 (v. sp. in irt. Berol.) ; DC. prodr. P ,935, excl. syn.
Ell! A. vimineus, Lindl. ! in — - Bor.-Am. l. c. in part. (Lake
- Tod.
Y vimineus : stem
hispid in lines near the su mie Send along the aennchess raves lanceolate
pack varying som aviar. in appearance when it grows in wet
; vimineus
he A. luxurians 5. Lindl. ! in Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. l. c. (Canada, Mrs. b
cival!) to be a state of this pu leaves are ordinarily pretty large
and uniform. The rays are numerous, rather large, ines e gi
in shade to pale eric de did ena urning purplish or brownish; the
nia minutely and sparsely pubescent. `
64. A. prenanthoides poh 2 sone ) : stem pubescent or hirsute abo
decurrent lines, ulate-corymbose at the summit; leaves
_ceolate ms iore enel tadlbaby seria) dia IR AUR MNA
y
142 COMPOSIT E. ASTER.
upper scabrous; heads on short and rather rigid spreading peduncles ;
te of the obovoid ‘involucre narrowly linear, acute or a — er
imbricated i in 3 or 4 series, with Wiper a tages ng ——— ummits
Muhl. ! illd. spec. 3. pP 2046; Per. - 2. p. 446; Nees, pus p. "m
aia:
p.4 C. . 934.
- scaber : stem spars ely ro cbc keene or even hispid above; leaves
less conspicuously attenuate towards the base, the upper surface very
scabro
oist w
Kentucky ! and a Arya fusion the Alleghany Mountains
Chester, Pennsylvania, Darlington, Mr. Townsend! (in herb. Hook.) S tes
-Nov.—Stem 1-4 feet high, angled, rather bius idea pubescent ipee
decurrent lines, or iey glabrous below, bearing few or numerous pretty
large heads, in a terminal loose and expanding, simple or peste or some-
embran
- rym
veiny, A green above, pale npn and frequently a little hairy along
the drib ; the lower cauline 5-6, or even 8-10, inc long, the attenuate
he i dilated an
nearly white; the disk turning pun lish. Achenia narrow, slightly cunei-
form, a little narrowed at the su mmit, "pcd at the base as if somewhat
stipitate, scabrous-pubescent. Pappus unequal.—A very marked species,
es
from dried sp - lt has never fou way in e gardens, and
appears o par botanists ; yet, it is not uncommon within ex
geographical range w e given. Distinct as the species certainly is,
var. 8. (as Dr. n bd iu noticed) makes a near approach to A. peer 9
and a a hybrid between the two.
65. A. mutatus: stem hai iry, ot ees Beer hiya B the branches simple,
igiate, glandular-pubescent at the s mit, terminated by single heads;
leaves biibtiicdus) lanceolate, ides die, slightly and remotely s serrate,
pubescent both sides » par tly vanos, the DAE clasping by a broad base;
scales of the hemispherical involucre narrowly linear-lanceolate, "o acute,
foliaceous, loose, nearly in a single series, as pt as the X A nume-
rous.—4A. Unalaschkensis £8. ? major, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2
_Saskatchawan to the Rocky Mountains, Diamond fines d adl 2 feet
ent with loose spreading hairs; the branches slender, erect.
Leaves very thin, 3-4 inches long, tapering to a sharp point of the
smaller dex similar, broader at the base and box: clasping. Heads
t as lar, n A. puniceus; the scales of the
somewhat pubes dest: loose or spreadi
30, rather narrow, nger than the disk. prom of the style lan-
ceolate. Achenia (immature x obl rib
| z
i
|
ES
e*t *oROR OR OR RR oe (ore and hwy) termina
”
ie, COMPOSIT. 143
t Scales of the involucre imbricated, with — foliaceous summits.
66. A.
racemosely branched or RA leaves linear- "nomen CON. mucro-
nulate, closely cesta’ reflexed or recurved, ve ery a ugh, numerous ; those of
the branches small, oblong-iinear or lanceolate | ; s (very large) rant f
terminating the branches; scales of the i callie pons to the most
p.50; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 232. A. grandiflorus asper, squamis reflexis, Dill.
j hil.
Elth. t. 36, f. 41. A. asperrimus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.)
7« p. qur
ry soil, in the mountains and upper country of Virginia! North CE
na! and ua apparently not common ; cultivated for more than a c
ry in European gardens. Sept.-Nov.—Stem and branches rigid. pgs
very small in proportion to the heads; the lower 1-2 inches, those of the
ry s
EA often less than half an inch in length, thickish, somewhat papilio,
and hispid with very shar p rigid hairs. Heads of the cultivated plant per-
haps the largest of the genus ; in indigenous specimens frequently not larger
than in A. spectabilis, Slightly viscid. icum les of the involucre much more
numerous in the cultiv. than in the indigenous plant, and with longer and
narrower squarrose aeo 2 es, slightly vis vue ; the chartaceous
base appressed. Ra oe e, mi habit, the wild plant BE as
the section Calliastru i6
: A, ay singe ue or capace: puDeaoans stem suf-
frutescens, much branched, diffuse or decumbent, flexuous; the heads —
at racemose or scattere d; leaves o P oi NC. entire (or serr:
the sterile —— KA attenuate to each end, very sha aply. A at the
narrowed base abruptly dilated and auriculate- Seems. A e insertion;
scales of the Wa linear, canescent, in mbric ted in oe series, une-
ALL?
Nutt. ! gen. 2. ^ dd EU’! sk. 2 p. 353; Nees 4 Ast. i A NA I li
5. p. Sd
Sept.-O o ies ism Or ud ps other A and nd attaining
the height of 8 to 12 feet, very pubescent when young, not andu-
lar; the showy large . patens) mostly erras
branchlets or peduncles, scattered. Leaves 1 m 3 inches Ie clothed with
a minute and close soft pubescence, or nearly canescent when young, or the
upper surface slightly scabrous when old, p iced to a very da. arp acuminate
point ; the lowermost narrowed tow ards the base, as if petioled, but dilated
t the insertion. Scales of the involucre rather 2 rigid, not i glandular or viscid,
pressed except the sq e tips; orter the short
bright purplé CELL). or often purplish, rose-color, ; the disk
rpli er, 10. Arbed sig slightly puberulent when young, but
purplish.
pee er en mature. pies pus turning reddish-brown.—
leaves of the g sterile branches are sometimes coarsely toothed.
68. A. ob lius (Nutt.): stem host branched, diffuse or divaricate,
what hairy ; the branchlets loose, paniculate-corymbose, and with the —
involucre and uppermost lea OF ; IS;
in A
clasping, so the iu : dly
linear, Somewhat T mne apprend a b Peur je squar-
/
2
Er Ea
ay
baile
144 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
rose foliaceous n: achenia canescent.— Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 156, & in
h , As
trans. Tog phil. soc. l. c.; Nees, Ast. p. 48; Hook. ! compan. T bot t. mag.
1. p. 9 E. dr. 5. p. 232. A. graveolens, Nutt. ! in jour. acad.
cee
ascen me
brous below: the branches, young leaves, and involucre co , more or
i i somew
ue a a
ciliate; the r ones more iiinis a sprinkled with resinous dots, which
are ejisady pedi ellate, so as to appear like glandular hairs ;' those of the
brane hlets small, often cro ei P a dually passing into the "scales of the
ol
A. amethystinus duxi ah with a close somewhat cinereous
st ulat
de 60.
pubescence ; em racemose-paniculate; leaves nnmerous, linear-lanceolate,
entire ; strigose-scabrous, te panty ‘clasping by a dilated or auriculate
base ; ‘scales vd the involucre ewhat equal, not glandular or visda linear,
acute, erect, with squarrose pissed tips; achenia silky.—Nutt. ! in trans.
i-
Near Boston and Salem, Men: rouen Nuttall ! Mr. Little! Sept.?
We have only seen branches; with leaves about an inc long, abont 2 lines nes
wide, thickish, minutely MATE pad strigose under a lens: the nu-
merous racemose branchlets are furnished with similar lo of a smaller
e ar on thre
A. Nove-Angliz. Involucre about the length of the disk ; the scales minute-
ly strigose; the exterior slightly spatulate, hoy MAE whiti sh portion some-
what narrowed; the innermost rather longer an ore attenuated.
numerous, azure according to Nuttall, Pessa p Aela 3 n dried specimens.
Pappus turning brownish.—Resembles A. oblongifolius
+t Scales of the oy loose, very narrow (glandular-viscid), appearing as if
nearly in a sin, s
70. A. E (Linn.): stem stout, ee corymbose at the sum-
mit; the branchlets and involucre somewhat scid ; leaves very numerot
ate or lanceolate-linear auriculáte-clasping, entire, Son. c clo
a close somewhat scabrous pu e; scales of the involucre
subulate-linear, lax, equal, as long as the disk; achen
p. 408 CN
- P- 113; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 549; Nutt? ge Ell.
l. bot. reg. t. We PE Jl. Bost. ed. 9. 9. 310; Nees, Ast.
Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 8; During. f Cet. jz 462; DC.!
altissim lav. t.
8. Ast Pont. diss. p. 949. A. amplexicaulis, om dict. 1 €
304; not of Willd., nor of A. Willd. 3. p. 20325
Nees, synops. p. 20. — : spuri, ee 2
Low or moist grounds, Canada and Northern States! to Missouri! e-
tucky ! and the upper districts of the Southern States! Sept.-Oct.—S
3-8 feet high, mostl urple, hirsute bos pcenis pid jointed yn the
summit and branches furnished bes with a r less copious close
granular-viscid pubesc -— ae ae "inde he’ pedicels pir the i nin
cre, and exhales a faint resi eaves 2—4 inches long, about hal
ewha erved ; the low
the involucre. eads in a short thyrsus or corymb, or in compound some-
what t corymbs, often an inch and a half in diameter, including the
large and very numerous violet PU av rays; the latter sometimes rose-color
in cultivation (A. roseus, Desf. cat. hort. Par.) ; the disk turning slightly
purplish. Scales of the ee a numerous in 9-3 series, but similar in
m
4 so that t
simple as an Alpigenous Aster, attenuate from short chart
pressed base to the apex; or the outermost aliha eap foliace ous. ro
andsome and well-known épecies, ó of very uniform appearance in its nativ
nr cte but several varieties have resulted from long phe sit hog in the
European gardens. To this, or to A. we pro eer jd A. con-
S ance Colla, hort. Ripul. appx. 3, in cad. Tur. 33. p. 134, t. 12,
which De Candolle has incautiously cited ven A: ph ak nei Wis.
modestus (Lindl. ? - M glabrous — the summit and the
A.
ax es, or — hes of the simple corymb, glandular-pubescent; leaves nu-.
brous, |
merous; lan eolate, prier sparingly amd s sharply serrate, gla
ly clas Pea pure of the involucre linear-lanceolate, acute, lax, equal,
the length of the disk; achenis Morum t.—Lindl. ! in Hook. A. Bor.- Am.
2. p. 8, & in DC. pro a 9.
nches of = cory a and somewhat leafy; scales of the invo-
lucre rather shorter.—A. Sayianus, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n.
ser.) 2
Moonia woods at the mouth of Spars Ya River, lat. 56° (near the Rocky
Mountains), Drummond! | B. Forests of the Roc A E ola 42? 1), and
plains of the Orcpon, Natl /—Stem about a foot high, s Leav
ves
about 3 inches long, less than an inch wide, serrate with iti oma spread-
ing teeth; the uppermost iex m by a broad base; the lower somewhat
narrowed at the base nce less clasping. Heads few, resembling those of A.
Novz-Anglie ; the scales of vis involucre fewer and rather broader,
what glandular. - ence pale blue,” Nutt. Achenia Gh pubescent,
especially on the ribs, both in a. and de which iter very slightly.
*.* Several insufficient specimens of "ablic ined species remain in our collec-
tions, or in those submitted oe bain examination: we think it — toleave them
nnoticed than to describe fro: imperfect materials, which is very hazardous in
such a genus as the present.
i Species unknown to st founded on native specimens.
72. A. cerulescen: (DC Ld stem erect, smooth; branches erect, leafy,
sile, about hal£claspipg, broadly l linear * o lingulaie,
eous, entire, almost smooth, the midrib
ally pas ing. e oblong acute — imbricated and slightly squarrose
scales of the pr hg DC. prodr. 5. p.
Texas, in the eastern districts, Berlandier. — Cauline leaves 3 to 4 inches
long, 4 lines broad. Heads as large as in A. puniceus; the m pale-blue.
Achenia almost glabrous. Pappus reddish-brown, DC.—The species is
placed next to A. ponies at , NE
L. H.—
f
12i s, entire, alt
hose of the branchlets (which bot: di ien gradu-
M
SX
*
«ST
"d
xd
AsTER. COMPOSIT E. 145 4542
Tw = 346 COMPOSITA. ASTER.
73. A. multiceps (Lindl.) : glandular-pubescent throughout; stem race-
mose ; the branches erect, bea aring single heads; leaves oblong-linear, acute,
pubescent, slightly scabrous; scales of the sae nen subulate, whitish
at the base, squarrose. Li ndl. in DC. rodr.
Louisiana.—A very distinct Species, not ae allied to any one params
— of the Amélk section, if the inner p of the o: were mem
branaceous and colored. Lindl. —We kno t fro m. this pon
se derived. It is placed at the end of the ko «ehe inchides A. p
ceus, præaltus, &c.
4. A. subspicatus (Nees) : ise hairy in lines; the branches ‘virgate; the
branchlets hirsute, bearin eads so “agar in spikes; leaves oblong-
uy 3 nini Py BENE -cerente, glabrous, with scabrous margins, clasp-
i scales of the involucre somewhat taa, lax; the exterior spatulate-
inner "iret un See mucronate-acute, ciliate ; the bas mbranaceo-
e, with a green nerve which is lat ceolate- dilated upwards.
umerous, lanceolate, iive ; the disk-flowers turning rose-color :
sho imidi i
ent-strigulose. Pappus bro wheal Necs.—It is placed in the same
in with A. Novi-Belgii, &c.
an R A. bla ndus (Pursh): stem pyramidate-branched; the branches axil-
P. scarcely longer than the leaves, bearing the heads in racemes; pedun-
cles tomentose, naked ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, aei clasping, acuminate,
serrate, glabrous; scales of the involucre lax, somewhat equal, shorter than
the disk sh. prodr. 5. p. 937.
ursh, fl. $
gaada, Herb. nus Oct.-Nov. Flowers —— the middle size:
rays pale purple. Pursh.—Nothing farther is know especting this species.
T Rs hiama us, Loi. Lan cab. t. 959 tarkat A pnis 7) is doubtless
nt from Purs
^
e
T > _ 76. A. hebecladus (DC.): stem slightly shrubby, slender, hirsute with a
N / close spreading t(D) bran chee ioe. le aby, with few pompei
;. bearing single heads; leaves sessile, linear, entire, mucronate-acute, bo
hj à Sides villose-scabrous ; the uppermost Dv ; iu of the involucre loosely
v ` imbricated, linear, puberulent, acute 242. :
> 4 Texas, in the eastern districts, ee me e to A, scoparius, eg
X / with looser hirsu ranches, nece few heads about one-third the size. D
[e WE 77. A. scoparius (DC.) : stem slightly shrubby, erect, much branched,
b \ glabrous, ly puberulent at the summit; branches beet i cemose ; leaves
; ų Sessile, linear, minutely scabrous, he upper ones ciliate ; brc en ;
H : v o the involucre loosely imbricated, linear, acute, ciliate. DC. p
exas, in the à pam LOS Berl Mt Lu
brown. Achenia puberalent DC. Doa. de he precoding a
- the same section with A. ericoides, A. TM. b
78. A. mes (Lindl.): stem scabrous, lax, racemose; branches m
mose at the summit ; leaves oval-lanceol ate, scabrous above, ig s -—
rate; heads secund ; scales of the involucre. subulate. ‘+ Nees ti.
to A. pendulus; distinguished by the branches
*
ASTER. COMPOSITE. 147
bearing fewer and larger heads. Lindl.—Apparently described from in-
digenous specimens ; most probably one of the larger forms of A. miser.
79. A. reticulatus (Pursh) : aes aera b rece rimo. Xp stem
branching above, the branches corymbose-racemose at the summit; pedun-
cles nearly leafless; leaves lanceolate-oblo ib sedile; nd ges each end,
with revolute margins, beneath reticulate-veined, "P involucre
rather loosely imbricated ; the scales very acute. Purth, fl. 2. p. 548.
F Sw li i
n dry swamps of C nd eM t
hi s middle-sized: rays and florets white. Pursh.—This plant has
not been identified by any piu botanist; and sidera di
accustomed v. v. of Pursh, we believe that he never o> Gea
and aede It zo belongs vir some other genus.
- A. cilia alt.): leaves lanceolate, entire, ciliate; stem 3 heat -
high; heads cd nd somewhat solitary ; peduncles leafy. Walt. Car.
- 209.
South Carolina, Walter.—'The subsequent A. ciliatus of Willdenow is
— a = orm of A. multiflorus; but this is apparently altogether a different
Spec.
leucanthemus of —-— € Leaves semi-cuneiform, incised-serrated ; fl
A. v
terminal; crown semi-10-flosculous.” Raf. in med. m -— 2) 5. p. 359. Ye
mia is doubtless notthe A. eol: Desf. Nees
t f Species described from garden specimens (some of them of «
gin), which we have not identified with native plants.
cordate
clasping at the base, smooth abov e, pubescent beneath ; sa of | the slightly
imbricated PAS D linear, acuminate, glandular, as also the branchlets.
ie odr. 5. p. 232.
Lindl.! in
82. A. precor (Willd.): stem racemose; the branches bearing few heads,
naked at t in T s tie ovate-lanc eolate, serrate with spreading teeth,
acuminate, tapering into an adnate [winged] petiole, mere the a
brote coed — the base; the radical d petioled ; seal
of the in anceolate, acute, Eom nearly equal, ioc; achenia pubes-
cet Nas T "jac tuber isle hort. Té — p. 58";
tni, enum. 9. p. 328; Nees, Ast. p. 63;
orth dne (?): described fo a a Lawa ei] in in dhe Bo Berlin garden.
July-Aug.—We have Lege p f this apparently well-marked
^A
med in the Berlin botani n ur but: we suspect it is not
in. The A. j D ey
large as iu A. ac
~
uHe COMPOSITÆ. ASTER.
miih rather firm, shorter than the pappus. The "m are pale lilac. The
is glabrous or ah pubescent, 1 to 2 feet hig ear
83. A. abbreviatus e stem ignit Pica or hairy dn lir , Tace-
mose ; the branches en thyrsoid or ; lower leaves ov e,
serrate, adnate-decurrent along the cli oe above, sm eath ;
the upper oblong-lanceolate and somewhat entire; scales of the ucre
loosely imbricated, eg ae ees, synops. p. 16; odr.
P
5. » du e Cornuti, Mull. ex Nees. e acuminatus, ‘Nees. Ash». 60,
not of Michx. $c. (Varies M dm branches short or elongated. E. at
blue. DC.
aig America? (obtained by Nees, in the e 1802, from the Marburg
x rarc T Se
as strangely confounded this
iffe rent A. acumiintus, ichr. It resembles A.
el
tapering to the base, while the uppermost are smooth an
erhaps it is not of American origin.
- A. patulus (Lam. ): stem glabrous, racemose-pan iculate; ithe branches
spreading ; : n oblong, deeply serrate, aperiog into a petiole ; the upper
e glabrous, or rough w e pubescence; the lower gla-
; the ope. "rus $ 'involacte imbricated [achgnia panoni: ane
EA Nr yy ; Desf.! cat. hort. Par. p. 102 5. p.
234, A. pidas Willd. spec. sa p- 2035 (in part), fide Nes A.
ps righ Phytogr. bl. p. 68, t. D. f. 2, fide Nees. A. -
eav ordate. et 1
; the spreading areri branches somewhat pubescent in lines;
soli e let
serrate, with more or less incurved teeth ; the lowermost elliptical, tapering
into a channelled tus acute, hes base and apex entire; the upper oblong
and oblong-lanceol ate, much acuminate, aes. Se below, sometimes into à
margined i
ile.
Scales of the stie imbricated in 3 to 4 series s, somewhat unequal, subu-
85. P stenophyllus (Lin 2): stem d curis racemose; the
branches spreading, very densely racemose atthe summit ; cauline eaves
linear-lanceolate, much Porn rather scabrous; heads secund ; scales
ucre linear, acuminate; the membranaceous and c colored.
43.
ga ardens. —Rays pale ners
i Droes A. diffusus and A. mise
86. A. obliquus (Nees): stem gabeki below, racemo abit above,
strict ; ; the e branches somewhat corymbose at ‘the summit; leaves linear-
E ere ile, ntire, rous above, ebbe" ,
i ales larger.
O ISX? xti
à; Nees, Ast. p. 76; DC. prodr. 5. p. 237-
paroda Desf. i leri Par. (1815) p. 122, fide Nees k DC.
ASTER. COMPOSITE. 149
North America. New York, Bernhardi, ex Nees.—Heads small, lilac
= white. Exterior scales of the involucre few, 1-2, linear-spatulate,
or e galling the others, which are linear, nearly d and with
aw ous margin. Achenia pubescent-scabrou is, to us
. extreme scure species, is e by Nees between A. blandus and A.
hiemal d is considered t to be the A. lanceolatus of merican authors
Nees boe specimen from New York, but we cannot identify the plant.
Brus —€— leaves lanceolate, somewhat clasping, entire,
suc ous, with scabro argins; scales of the lax ‘involucre equal; stem
(2 feet hd) hispid, perc i blass Ait. Kew. (ed. 1 >
* Labrador Starwort. Native of North Amcriae Introduced, 1776, by
Messrs. Gordon & Græffer. rte -Aug." Ait.l.c.—Willdenow gives the. ©
following character: ** Leaves lanceoate, somewhat s cat enti
— at the apex, the margins scabrous; stem branched from the base, ——
— hairy ; ; sca ales of the aroki e lax, es e, equal ; Mid
x arks that it is nearly past flowering when ae American
species conditam. Pursh, who copies the character of Willdenow, =
amps an
n th
that of Mr. Lambert. Nees, who descri lia es both from spontaneous and
cultivated wh ido rod nipe of the former is not mentioned),
gives the following character: “ Leaves lanceolate, ciliate; the radical
appressed-serrate ; the cauline entire; se (glabrous) pm branched
or racemo ose; the branchlets loose, scattered, one-flowered ; inner scales
IE 1 =.
of involucre subulate." Nees, Ns . It often
begins to flower, accord , in the middle of t onth of June.
The heads coo said to » wen ; the rays nearly white ; the ros puberu-
lent and narrowed i stipe. e have not been able to identify either
the otini s jecit of skits or that of Nees (which are probably different)
piane indigenous: specimens; nor do we possess specimens of the cultivated
pia
- A. foliolosus (Ait.): stem pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear, entire, _
glabrous — of the branches much spreading; involucre imbricated, the
scales . Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 202. A. ericoides Meliloti agrarie
umbone, Dill Elth. p. 39, t. 35, f. 39. Fi hiemalis, Nees, Ast. p. 77? (A.
salicifolius, Fonit synops. p. 26.
orth America: Cult. 1732, by James Sherard, M. D. Hort. Kew.—The
foliolosus of Aiton appears to have been founded upon the plant of
Dincnius which Nees cites under his A. hiemalis, a species of unknown
origin. e description of A. hiemalis accords s viy well with the figure of
Dillenius Hi
89. A. jiu (Hoffm.) : stem racemose-compound, spreading; the
branches elongated, spicate-racemose at the summit; leaves linear-lanceolate,
attenuate, clasping, the margin scabrous, serrulate ; es of the lax invo-
ON lanceolate, pees recurved, ius —“ Hoffm. phytogr. bl. 1. p. 83,
Bd. Yt. Noes, Ast. p. 65; D. dr b. p.935. A.junceus, Ait. Kew.
(ed. 3) 2. p.204] A. Villd. spec. 3. p. 2047 (chiefly), fide
qua: us (Lindl.): lea ear, squarrose-recurved ; branches
racemose at the summit; heads | l.! in DC. L c.
Joffman.) —Cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, acu-
minate, tapering from the base to the apex, serrulate in ;
H , lilac. es of the involuere somewhat equal, linear-
e; the inner colored at the apex. ern Nees. In
arii "e pee epiac showy,
our specimens (from the English gardens), the heads are ge and
inde terne erui nearly or quite entire.—P robably this species (rather
Mev’. a 2i
150 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
than A. longifolius, Lam.) is the A. junceus, Ait.: we have x Seem
many years since cultivated ote that name in the Liverpool botani
pen
det squarrulosus (Nees) : stem corymbose-decompound ; the sta hes
corymbose at the summit; leaves lanceolate-acuminate, somewhat
chaning, sharply serrate in the middle, the upper surface scabrous next the
margins ; — of the ovate involucre narrow, imbricated, with recurved
summits. e$. Ast. p. Host as see A. m utabilis, Tini?
ex Nees. A. panemaan Willd. spec. 3 + pi 8, & e enum. 2. p. 886, fide
Nees ; not of Ai
; not of Ait. A. recurvatus, Spreng. in i: Schrad. jour. bot. 2. p. 195,
Nees. 4
~ f. albiflorus (Nees, 1. E): ert rays white becoming | somewhat violet;
; (tbe disk at length deep pur
erica.—Stem oie below. Leaves pale green. Acheni
ae piece: Varies with the lower leaves inceojate and "en
ees
E
B
mutabilis, Linn it has been in cultivation for more than a century.
The vam from the Berlin ¢ arden has rather large loosely c orymbose heads ;
the obovate ciscus loosely imbricated in 2-3 series, pros
"él:
e membranaceous ; : oose and at length somewhat squarrose-
ing. Achenia narrow, ngrana cip us rous. The cauline leaves are
3 to 4 inches long, 6 to 10 lines wide; the lower en at the base. It
appears like a mere variety of A. longifo lius.—From this, A. argutus, Nees,
of unknown origin (described from specimens er in the gardens of
Bonn and Breslau), seems not greatly to
91. A. asper (Nees): stem pets above, glabrous, rough
with minute tubercles; the bra c. racemose-corymbose; leaves oblong
lanceolate, acuminate, partly c ion ing, scabrous above, all serrate in- te
. middle; scales of the Lipnios [t a ed, with squarrose-spreading su
Inits. Neti: Ast. p. 8
North America ? Describe bed from specimens derived originally from the
Berlin botanic garden.—Leaves thick, firm, deep green; the cauline con-
siderably attenuate at the base, the margins undulate-reflexed, with is-
Lm
Squarrose-spreading, e
double series, pale blue or lilac: the disk yellow, turning brownish. Ache-
nia obovate-cu Belg” obsoletely oe Nees.—The species is arranged
“Be
92. A. brumalis
solitary on the de a leaves lanceolat acuminate, partly clasping,
ru ed appressed-serrate in the = Ae scabrous; scales of the
"TS . pr
tnus (partly), Wilid. s € 3. p. 2048, & enum. 2. p. 886, fide Nees.
North America? (Indi vi p f he
leaves
esent emer A emissa senos deed sopa ae eei
E
ASTER. COMPOSITE. 151
base; the een entire or remotely denticulate, somewhat shining, deu
with a mucronate point ; the others lanceolate, acute, serrulate with min
appressed poe uk teeth. Heads large: rays blue. Achenia nates
Nees.—According to Nees, this is the A. Novi-Belgii of many gardens: it
has been, perhaps, derived from that species.
93. A. luxurians (Nees): stem paniculate; the branches corymbose-race-
mose at the summit; branchlets bering sing e heads; leaves oe E or
sha
lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base, Slan , Sharply serrate in the
middle, scabrous and glaucescent Saad. scales of the involucre "ood i im-
bricated, linear-lanceolate, acute. Nees, Ast. p. 83; à m 5. p. 238.
A. prenanthoides, Nees, synops. p. 23 ; Link, enum. 2.
more compound, and more "hairy i in lines. 4 Nes Es, Eeh. luxuri- * d
. syst. 3. p. l. x Nees i
‘orth America? Sprengel. (Nees, aaia. supposing this to be the-
A. Novi-Belgii of Pursh as well as at Nuttall, " copied from the former
the habitat: **In hedges and old fields, New England to Virginia; Aug.-
Ont. nio the synonym of Pursh is not reae He states also that
h native specimens from Virginia.)—Root c seeping stoloniferous
Stem 2 fect or more in height, glabrous or more or less hirsute with dec ent
lines, with spreading branches at the summit; the branches et dE
ded; the branchlets ! leafy, bearing single heads. Leaves approx-
imate, 33 to 3 inches long, an inch wide, sharply but not coarsely serrate in
t
ished in s tapering at the base, and entire. Heads, including the
lilac (at enh deep violet) rays, an an inch in diameter. I horte
than the dns scales in several series, erect-imbricate, thick kish, unequal,
linear-lan tolus, rather hanes acute, the base and ciliate — thin
Noe "as tuliform herbaceous — Achenia gla . Nees
This appears, as €: from the descrip as from our imper (cultivated)
ines to be perhaps too closely Allied to our A. pre
- A. adulterinus adic ): stem parcuinte coroner from the base;
the | branches c corymbose-racemed ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate,
clasping, smooth, the m pres scabrous ; iid of the obovate involucre some-
what pem d rump ra raids squarrose, enlarged ae flowering. Nees.—
Willd. e aa ; Nees; Ast. e 5. p.
No rth Fun rak —Stem 14 to 2 feet high, bti in decurrent lines.
Leaves ianecolate ciens somewhat shini ode the lower road serrate,
ith scabrous margins; those of the branchlets y » sy
-cu
sq *-
Wilid.—Heads mi
the specimens are c ineuiligierit: for irme ination. Our s specimen
of A. adulterinus from the Berlin tory deer very little from the A. tardi-
florus from the same and fi
95. A. tar rdiflorus (Linn. ? Nees 3 stem glabrous, divaricate-corymbose ;
leaves oblong-lanceolate, obliquely c ape. serrate towards the apex, the
margins scabrous ; those of | the branchlets obtuse ; scales of the bé bbl
imbricated, ae re i
. Nees.— )
uy Mees page PER ie
peste ge BP T wen p: iban, | Lindl. ! in E La
~
im COMPOSITA. m
cespitosus, Hort. A. adulterinus, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1571. Symphotrichium
unctuosum, Nees! I stepped
North America. (?) According to Pursh, it is found “in overflowed
grounds from New York to Virginia; rare: ct.-Nov."-—But, notwith-
description combined with that of Aiton.—This spec Be remarkable for
its very corymbose habit, aaa or somewhat succ ZU: ve gs leaves
(the upper hauis and those of the branches mostly entire), an and the thick
and foliaceous exterior Sa of the involucre, which resemble i leaves of
the branchlets. Heads middle-sized. Rays lilac. Achenia nearly glabrous
Bristles of the poppus 24 united at ihe base, and separable from the
achenium in the form
96. A. mutabilis (Linn.) : Mite lanceolate, serrate; involucre squarrose ;
panicle anco fastigiate. Linn. spec. = 2) 2. p.
North Am —The specific phrase in the first edition of the Species
lantarum is poene ** A. foliis Latein calycibus imbricatis basi squar-
I and the only synonym adduced is, ** A. cæ Americanus non
ti serotinus Rome flore amplo floribundus,” Pluk. alm. p. 56,
1. 326 6, f. 1. (which repres a narrow entire-leaved plant with small
heads) : nd A pie alae je it differs from A. serotinus (but he has no
. Serotin more closely imbricated involuc ips the deep purple
rays; in: i the disk-flow wers, at first yellow, change t purple. In the
second edition, green adds the synonym * A. No vi-Belgii liaifolius pani-
evlat s, floribus saturate violaceis,” Herm. Lugd. 65. t .67; ; and compares
it ie th: Dradvecautl, Micra the former exse that it may readily be
distinguished by the recurved-squarrose leaves of the peduncles and pesa
"h s
es new
: rea lanceolate, serrate, smooth, tapering below; branchlets virgate ;
it. la c. Nees cites
, Some ewhat ilia aceous, lax; stem glabrous." Ai
ages is own i
y be
A va varie aty of A o Our specimen of A. antaii from the
Berlin garde n not to difer essentially ftom i s pq of the
lan
genous specimens of either. "The.A. mutabilis of “Lindley, me ini proba-
bly of Nees, we take to be a form of A. læ
97. A. versicolor (Willd. ): : stem MCA A ee dea the branches
Spy C mmy at the summit, dense ; leaves 'oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
ai of the same color both s ides; the lower serrate in the
middle. upper ' elaspiug, entire ; scales of zwi ánvolücré imbricated, lan-
ceolate. Nees.— Willd. spec. 3. p. 2045, & enum. 2. p. 885; Nees, Ast. P
127; DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 246.
North America,
illde
erratu a the radical oblong, tapering at each end, serrate in the
peret F owers ay showy, S large tft crowded at the summit of the
be hich ^? ne assigns the habitat: “In old fields and on the borders of w
-ao Carolina.” Elliott remarks that the dint which passes under
ASTER. COMPOSITÆ. 153
that Me n small flowers, and is therefore not so ornamental as Willdenow
rung
A laus (Nees): stem Eae smooth, somewhat corymbose-de-
Sinn, nd at the summit; the branches corymbose and much crowded;
leaves oblong-lance acuminate, with a cordate-clasping base, appr ressed-
serrate in the middle, the qo gags Mu: ; involucre imbricate. Nees, Ast.
p. 126; v prodr. 5. vn 245 ; not of zo
' heads
are said to be Wies biei and the rays pere. not changing to violet, as in
A. versicolor, under which name it is cultivated: in some gardens, according
to Nees. Achenia glabrous.
99. 4. strictus nei stem glabrous, strict, racemose-decompound ; t the
branches strict, c ctate; leaves lanceolate, E oe clasping,
somewhat serrate in tbe middle, scabrous towards the pires n cre
Ni
Mna imbricated. JNees.— Poir. suppl. 1. p. 498; Nie, 4 Ast. p 124; DC.
e (excl
orth America.—‘ Resembles A. Lewes from which it differs by its
shorter branches; the leaves more (a ppre d-) scabro us towards the mar-
us; the larger ped the closely ibid involucre, which is scarcely
-Subsquarrose even in the terminal head ; the OW, elongated and somewhat
distant lilér-colofét rays, which in that speciclllge paler, a little shorter, and
approximate.” Nees. This author however does not place it in the section
which includes A. drm bat Pata = stints between A. Chilensis and
A. mutabilis. We hav E The A. strictus 8., Ps dts in
Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. ME p pii uisus different. from the A. lax
of the same work.
- A. onustus (Nees): stem racemose-compound, decurved ; the bran
la "- pe at the summit; leaves — to each end, partly c clasping,
appressed-serrate in the middle, the margins scabrous; heads at
secund, on short etes scales of the short involucre —€— d, re
scarcely equalling the disk. Nees, Ast. p. 122; DC. pa . p. 245. À.
confertus, Desf. ca kaloi: Par. ed. 3. p. 401, not of Nees,
B. squarrosus (Lind l.): leaves of the tanih tines parece (Culti-
pu eir ies pe gardens under the name of A. Tradescanti czruleus.)
orth America? but the origin very doubtful.—Nees compares it with his
A. amplexi vue A. mutabilis, and A. levigatus (all of which are probably
included under our A. levis) ; but states the heads to more like those of
s
eads crowded, Beers with EA ron pale blue rays; x scales of the
torbinate i involucre not densely imbricated, lanceolate, with a membranaceous
margin, ciliate. Achenia glabrous. Me
101. A. purpuratus (Nees): stem somewhat simply evaserit
leaves narrow] ;
the branches elongated and bearing single ;
lat , l i + i brous ar gins, sh i the ^ the
Meise cm pice he of gg tr numerous, lanceolate,
spreading, entire, equal and woe Be distant; scales of the turbinate involucre
unbricated, lanceolate, wi Mure Los js $ 25 di ek qM prodr. 5.
P. 244. A. miser, Lam. dict. 1. p. E und on e
North Janis Cultivated for years at the Garden of Plants,
Paris, under the name of A. miser. ucre
several series, not not rigid, lanceolate-trian. gular, whitish at the base, with pur-
plish tips, all’ similar the inner nearly the length of the de dur; V
voL. 11.=20
154 COMPOSITAE. AsTER.
most about half that length. Rays short, ge ae. exque. ; the disk
turning purple. Achenia linear-cuneiform us.—Placed by Nees at
e commencement of his Concinni: Dr. Li ie P compares with it his A.
azureus, and A. RAN We have seen no spec
102. A. retroflexus (Lindl.): stem compound-racemose; the branches
short and leues single de ads; leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, very gla-
brous; those of the branches ee n recurved, d: scales of the
hem mispherical involucre linear-lanceolate, squarrose. Lindl.! in DC. prodr.
5. p. 2
hen America.—Disk whitish, scarcely changing. Rays blue. DC.—
We are uncertain V agi this is described from cultivated or indigenous
specimens. No farther particulars are given. It is placed between A.
azureus and A. fib
vont „of John arne catat: ro
j e-
x". but i is not cited at author or by wrissnedliog writers. It is said to have
been b rough Virginia, and to bear “pretty large flowers, which are of a very
pale bluish ölk: pd. to white
§ 4. Scales of the involucre nearly equal, loose, narrow, scarcely or slightly
imbricated, more or less herbaceous : receptacle naked, scrobiculate: appen-
dages of the style triangular, short: pappus of capillary bristles: rays
numerous : stems often low and simple, bearing solitary or few large heads.
se saranda Kunth, evel. spec. ? aes: Dna Nees, nis
besc
p. 872; Jacq. fl. Austr. t. 88; Bot. mag. t. 199; Nees, a p? ; Hook.!
! prodr. 5. p. 297
dne ce Mountains, in lat. 5 , Drummond !—Heads, with
the blue rays, 1 nches in diameter, showy Radical leaves petioled.—
The American plant resembles Siberian form:
104. A. pygmeus (Li indl.) : villous; stem bearing a single head ; leaves
at lengik nearly glabrous, obtuse, entire, 1-nerved or obscurely 3-n nerved ;
.the r og me spatulate-oblong or aes eet the cauline ben t
à very villous involucre linear, obtuse, s aririh spreading-—
Lindl.! in Hook.f. Bor Am 2. p. 6, & in DC. pr 5. p. 228.
vs Peri Richardson /—Plant about 2 inches s high. Head large
for the size of the plant ; the rays scarce pA = wice HE e length of the involucre-
— Smaller specimens À DC.)
/ (A. Argunensis, fide
in oe longer rays and more hirsute
. Rocky an Na in Ridge, i near the line ce perpet Mg C snow
in lat. 42°, bont thin e tre evel of he sea, Nuttall !—Root wiry
ASTER. COMPOSIT X. 155
and slender, sending up small clusters of decumbent stems, 3-4 inches high.
eicere sc wei an inch long, rather coriaceous. Head about half as large
us
aae A. glacialis (Nutt.): sant thickish, not creeping; stem low, erect,
utely pubescent mars often nearly leafless, bearing a single head ; leaves
spatalateblong and lan pag entire, glabrous, obscurely 3-nerved; the
cauline small, acute, Har am clasping; scales of the involucre numerous,
ee NM, E FRAN PURIS, appressed, about the length of the disk.
in p?
ky Mou BOK Ag with the preceding. Nuttall apogr about 3 inches
high, bearing 2-3 small leone. and a head about the size of the preceding,
but with desee d shorter rays. Radical leaves 1 e bn long, thickish,
with somewhat scabrous margins. Pappus EE scabrous. Involucre
much like that of A. salsuginosus, brownish, somewhat viscid.
- A. salsuginosus (Richards.): stem simple, leafy, bearing 1 to
he may pubescent above with iino hairs; leaves linear-obovate and pe
ceolate, apiculate-acuminate, mostly gui veiny, somewhat pubescent ; the
radical and lower cauline tapering into argined petiole, the upper sessi
and partly B nie tho ; apaes: of the involuere narrowly linear or linear-subu-
pas" Nees Ast. p. 34; : Bongard ! "d ene ig l. c. p. 148; DC.!
P.
8. stem stouter and larger, often bearing 3-5 heads; lower and radic
Pera broadly spatulate or obovate; the upper r oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceo-
salsu
TE scales of the involucre somewhat glandular.— suginosus (a.)
-/ bot. edd E mes & fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 6; Hook & Arn.
Xoedos suppl. p
Subarctic das from. the salt plaius of the Athabasca, Richardson!
and the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! to Kotzebue's nM: the N. W.
Coast ! jj Sende Sitcha, and the interior of California (Oregon ?),
Douglas '—Plant 6 to 18 och high, = a tee histon, and large
heads (the peduncles thickened at the summit); the rays 30 or more, 6 to 8,
or even 10 aap ong, purple? Radical and Piva [ndr ^r paraa ;
including the margined petiole: varies from 3 = to an inch in wid
nearly Bhabious when old. Pappus densely scabrous.—In all the specimens
we have examined, the scal F the involucre aint in n fact nearly the length
of the disk, although their recurved summits cause them to appear much
shorter. In the A. Unal ig i ic the involucre is more pubescent o or hairy,
and scarcely glandular or viscid, and less recurved. "The specimens
the Serie es t Coast, collected be Ms. pom are intermediate in this
Tespec
108. A. peregrinus di stem Somewhat simple, erect, glabrous, hir
sute above, eads at mit; leaves sessile, remote,
oblong-lanceolate, oie acute, Perot ry scales of the involucre lan-
ceolate-linear, very acute, villous, loose, as ae as the disk ; rays numerous
(heads large, violet). Pursh, fl. 2. p. 556 ; Dc. va a 6 p. 228. "A.
ilesii A H
oast 3 Unalaschka, D. Nelson, Fo er (Norfolk beris
inclines fe: A. Dinom Lindl. ; description of Nees is drawn
inclines to refer to A- walls dot sued fees iichn is supposita ii
^
E
156 COMPOSITE. ~“ ^ Aster.
the same. We have a fragment collected by Eschscholtz which accords
with Pursh’s character.
109. A. foliaceus (Lindl.): stem simple? racemose; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, cem somewhat serrate, glabrous ; heads terminating the iem
branchlets; scales of the involucre RE ince nes glabrous. Lin
DD. onis. 5. . 998. A. peregrin €88. nea, l. c. ? ex DC.
Una er Fischer.—Species debile for "i sales of ‘the involucre,
which resemble the rameal leaves: peduncle tomentose. DC.—De Can-
dolle == ai that in his own specimen, likewise received from Fischer,
the es of the denies are ists instead of spreading, ciliate instead o
dn Tabir the leaves obtuse at the base; the stems slightly hairy,
with the hairs here and there sickle in lines.
a gc Gan (Pursh): slightly pubescent Md minute scattered
ios leaves very numerous, narrowly linear; stems slender, branched at
th mmit ; owed branches somewhat c simple, pro foiodrel into
slender naked pedu A terminated by single (small) heads ; scales of the
involucre linear-subu late, loose, scarcely in a double series, Ger the length
the disk; achenia minutely bairy- gr 2. on ichards. !
appx. Fran hi. j ourn. ed. 2. p. 32; Lindl.! in DC. pr ala-
tella gramiifii, Hook. ! f. Bor. -Am. 2. p. 15. me ME
Michz.! fl. 9. p. 1
upper portion, or peduncle, leafless or nearly so, 2-3 inches long. Leaves
an inch or more in length, acute or mucronulate, se a conspicuous m midrib,
and the broader ones ror di — veinlets or ramified nerves. Heads
about a third of an inch in diameter; the in rein "pééiuibling an Erigeron.
Rays 15-25, fertile, purple or pte ned iih —— than the disk. Ap-
pendages of the style very short, triangular. Achenia narrow, compr ressed,
s-hirsute under a lens.—This plant bears no y Mill resemblance to
Aster roseus, Stev. (Calimeris rosea, DC.) ; which, however, has larger heads,
r and more Aye ual and imbricated scales of the involucre, silky-
villous achenia, &
§ 5. Scales of Tie poa imbricated involucre with membranaceous OF
scarious margins, destitute of herbaceous tips or appendages, often carinate,
MN unequal: appendages of the style lanceolate, sometimes oblong 0T
triangular : receptacle alveolate (flat): bristles of the pappus capillary,
-—Ortnomenris. (Calimeris, Nees, Lindl., DC., in part;
of Cass. Species of Heleastrum, DC. Eucephalus, Xylorhiza, & Gala-
eic Calianthus, Nutt.) i
a
fo won ween to olere, but t hardly to bé i: ved fom Sate Dy
Tripolium as a subgenus; and A. acuminatus, Micht.,
P ; P La € n
y ey ve 3 ¥ T
Aeris t ^ COMPOSITE. d 157
A. Tartaricus (Linn. f.), DC. will perhaps form a me (i sec ised) the D: group.
viz u-
nd C. integrifolia: the genu laced ai. to Boltonia ur Sir W
ooker’s herbarium, two plants (collested. at Simla bY ousie), iod
similar in habit and foliage, are | d 'Calimeris flexuosa' r.i Dr. Lindley,
either of which altogether accords haracter given by De Candolle. Bo
have d and perfectly flat receptacle, a loose invol f two seri
cales; the exterio equ more or less foliaceous. One of them has
and shorter than the achenia; it therefore belongs to De Candolle’ ame us $
Calimeridei (certainly not a congener of D. linariifolius, &c.), and is pro h
asperulus, esents a simpl eous-subulate pappus, shorter
than the achenia and not exceeding roper tube of orolla, nearly similar to
pappus of n preceding e which it nearly resembles. 'The two
should doubtless be united in the sa new ? Es a8 whi mi a
the Aster peduncularis, Wail. ! P )
$ ay re
! cat. no. 2967 (Am — ncularis, D C. prodr.
also belongs. 'T'he pappus of the latter is ASe ian ouble, and the rays doubtless
not yellow.
* Scales of the hemispherical involucre unequal, narrowly lanceolate or — loosely
imbricated in 9 or 3 series: alveoli of the receptacle toothed and
of the style lanceolate: achenia glandular oe rao heads loosely dinis: leaves
ample, cuneiform-lanceolate, coarsely toothed ds the summit, pinnately veined.
This section might include Aster eee at + Sa DC.; which has more
obtuse appendages to the style, and broader hairy ac
lll. A. acuminatus — stem simple, ss pubescent or hairy,
panicutate- corymbose at the summit; the peduncles slender; leaves dsc a
— = eaneior-lancolate, conspicuously —MÓ or in-
cisely toothed above, the n base, entire, gla -— s above, rig
fine Shin: ; sales of wa soh lax, membran ous, acuminate; a. rap
nia erae oblong; n — Michx. ! fl 2. ; Pursh! fl. 2. p.
poepen d. de ed. 2 p. 312; Hook. bol. mag. t. 27T, & f-
fs e 9 ; not of Nees. A. diffusus var. acuminatus, Pers. syn.
2. p. 447. rice phim acuminatum, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 273.
In deep rich woods, Canada! to the ‘mountains of Virginia; not uncom-
iy gla a fan nie to half an inch ir dinitiie: ales o
the path anis ndi Wives membranaceous throughout, often purple, the
innermost linear, very acute, about the length of the disk ; the exterior suc-
cessively shorter. Rays 12-18, elo ira bine often tinged My. Magia
ppen of the anthers subulate-lanceolate. Appendages le
subulate-lanceolate. Bristles o mre pap
meom similar.— There is proper exter
+} nor are the bristles more unequ il than in many genuine Aste:
* * Scales of the turbinate-hemispherical p narrowly linear-lanceolate, r
closely imbricated in about 3 series; the innermost scarcely as long as thé disk; the
exterior shorter, zug g alveoli of the receptacle short, denti-
culate : branches of the style b linear, terminated with a short aculish appendage:
binate, turgid, 6-8-ribbed, pappus copious, obscurely
scabrous leaves crowded, la Lay ety he er ae HM ME
nately veined, minutely globules :
-3 pethidine Brandus. (Galatella § Calianthus, Nutt.)
|
158 T COMPOSITÆ. ; ASTER.
112. A. nemoralis qm ): partner -puberulent; stem very leafy, slender,
simple or corymbose ; leaves somewhat rigid, lanceolate or
i ev i imes
obscurely toothed; those of the slender simple branches or peduncles
subulate ; rays te —Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 198; Willd. spec. 3. p.
9091; Nutt. 2. p. 154. A. uniflorus, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 110 (stem
simple). A. ledifolius, Pursh! fl. 9. p. 544. A, ee ig ! mss. in
herb. Arn. & Hook. Galatella MIRA Nees, Ast. p. ; Hook.! ft.
Am. 2. p. €: Man prodr. 5. p. 257; Nutt.! in Es Amer. phil.
7.
Bogs and EU red Newfoundland, Pylaie! Dr. Morrison! Mr. Cor-
mack! Nova Scotia (ex Ait.) and Canada (from Lake Mist dius, AA Michauz !)
to Boston, Dr. B. D. Greene! and swamps in the pine barrens of New Jer-
ug.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet high, oen aec qe simple and bear-
d, us
branches, lr terminated Y " hea ew [Anar CM ve. Leaves
pale green, 10 to 20 lines long an o4 wide, pepe acutish at each end,
and ti i
less; the lower with a prominent midrib and c aci nés strong primary
* * * Scales of the broadly hemispherical involucre laai imbricated in about 2 series,
oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, carinate below, herbaceous, with scarious mar-
gins; the inner about the length of the disk, the exterior rather shorter : “ receptacle
flat, alveolate” (Nutt.): appendages of the style lanceolate, acute: achenia oblong,
compressed, min c silky: pappus of copious rather rigid u ie bristles, about the
length of t corolla of the disk: root or caudex woody, bearing numerous dwarf
mostly Vr ott ems, , terminating in a naked peduncle: jg large, solitary: leaves
thickish, entire, somewhat 3-nerved, mucronulate; the lower linear-spatulate; the
uppermost linear-lanceolate. (Xylorhiza, Nutt.)
poe character to distin - wis: nee of Nuttall from the
gg veel alimeris Altaica, Nees, € , Lindl, &e. belong; except
ndages of the style are narro
113. A. "(hen leaves and scales of the e" canescen
what villous or tomentose, tipped with a rigid mucronate point; [2
ume e a villosa, Nutt. ! in trans. pos . phil. soc. (n. ser.)
E
dura argilla. e Rocky Mountains, and on rocks towards
the sources of té inel Nut Root long, fusiform, pe icular:
nens 4—6 inches high, minutely pubescen
lat
Scarious a P the innermost), tapering } into &
cuspidate point. 15 or more, large, much longer than the disk,
-— P (ut) uie SUP NA brow: oni gga, what strongly scabrous.— The vx
eui villous) sc mee appears as if deciduous, in whic
case it will pro probably be difficult to distinguish ne following-
ASTER. COMPOSIT #. 159
114. A. glabriusculus : lower leaves pubescent; the upper nearly gla-
brous, ae pine acute ; pete solitary or 3-5 together, short.—
Xylorhiza glabriuscula, Nutt. !
With the pr = Nuttall The E er leaves (about 2 inches long,
Pcr: Fa i esie clothed with a similar pubescence - e» di
ceding; and the of the involucre are nearly glabrous, with m
b vans Br sty th e scarious margins are somewhat donticniane-cithale 4 in
both. The ra rays are di to be pale rose-color.
* * * * Scales of the turbinate-campanulate involucre regularly imbricated in 3 to 4
series, ovate, concave, somewhat carinate (acute or obtuse); the innermost about the
length of the disk; the exterior successively shorter, but similar: alveoli of the recep-
tacle lacerate : per qa of the style lanceolate, acute: achenia oblong, compressed,
villous : pappus copious, rather longer than the corolla; the bristles unequal, a few of
the longest pam obscurely thickened towards the summit: stems several from a woody
root, simple, very leafy : leaves lanceolate, entire, somewhat rigid: dedi (rather small)
in contracted Pu (Eucephalus, Nutt., excl. spec. no. 2 & 4.)
Nuttall’s first species, Sanpa ean is much more allied to the third,
E. rd Lagatea) glaucus, than to his E. albus. The fourth, E. ericoides, is a Dip Ja
pappus. e two plants here Geta, if we except their fertile ra: d narro
a baai to the style, accord in habit and character with ichi impunctate species
but especially the ape si the innermost series of the pappus much more evi-
dently clavate than E. e
nargins, somew
pose dte heads in a co ye co scales of the rs espe esce in-
volucre sire acute, pubescent, with d cia fringed inky ag rays few hx or
7, Nutt. — .—Eucephalus elegans, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer il. soc. (n.
ser.) 7.
Plains Uy ew Oregon, and in the Blue Mountains, Nuttall! | Sept.-Oct.—
tems 2-3 ae t high clothed with MN erect leaves Fade are 1 to 2
coming
late. Bristles of hes pappus unequal; the in
obscurely thickaned towards the ape
116. A. glaucus: very s rm eod [aget somewhat glaucous; stem often
branching above; leaves oblong-linear, closely sessile, l-nerved, reticu-
late-veined ; heads in contracted corymbs, rac of
160 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
** © t Seales of the somewhat hemispherical involucre closely imbricated in 3-4 un-
equal series, shorter than the disk, oblong, obtuse ; the exterior somewhat carinate
ing into tudidaie bracts; the interior with broad membranaceous margins : pes of
the receptacle entire: "Eas of the style lanceolate: achenia oblong, very gla-
brous: pappus anie i as the corolla, unequal ; the longer bristles clavellate-
thickened at the apex: simple : leaves linear-lanceolate, rigid, scabrous: heads
(rather small) ia tg giis of pala DC.)
. A. ptarmicoides: stems several from a somewhat woody rhizoma,
basé above ; leaves rising e — somewhat shining, smooth
or scabrous, with very scabro argins ; the igi elongated, often
slightly and remotely toothed, dora e pe ye ase or somewhat petioled ;
corymb fastigiate, simple or compound ; scales of the jii rather obtuse;
rays 12-18, linear-oblong, short.—Chrysopsis alba, Nutt.! gen. 2. p. 152.
Doellingeria pinigicoi ides, Na. Ast. p. 183. Topicpappus albus, Hook. !
or.- Am. Ee .21; ir A ! in ann. lyc. New York, 3. p. D. E.
micoides, Lina "rb. Heleastrum album, DG rodr. 5
lbus, "Willd. ? Eucephalus albus, Nutt. ! in ers
soc. (m. 7. p. 299.
B. heads fée dE solitary AS dl. ! in DC. I. c.)
y. leaves nearly all Koruuhed with 3 or 4 sharp spreading teeth on each
sida: stem very scabrous above ; inner scales of the involucre rather broad-
er.—Heleastrum album y. DC. l. c. (Lindl. !
ry soil, or rocky banks of streams, from the Missouri, near Fort Man
an! to Saskatchawan! Lake Superior! Wisconsin! Michigan! Upper
Canada along the Great Lakes! to the banks of Black River, Jefferso
County, New York! Po Mr i ins 1. July-Sept—
y q at witha minute
u e brous v
gins, or often sparsely ciliate oiee ihe us with a Mong midrib and tw
more or less distinct lateral nerves, anastomozing towards the summit; de
radical ceo. taper 3 to 6 inches long, 3-4 lines wide, linear-lanceolare,
or ob ually into a more or less distinct petiole; t
E. less narrowed at t ase 3 — X.
» linear-subulate. Corymb spr g. olucre ne
glab: E ales hat inpenisiaie-i m ME pum
m embranaceous, narrowly oblong, slightly ape shorter th
the disk. Rays pt ure w pbi ite. Pappus soft, white.—It ot probable tbat
this is the Aster albus, Willd. herb. & Spreng., a ici of sad bcne origin,
which is said to have oblong-lanceolate, rather obtuse an nerveless —€—
leafy branches, pea elongated rays.— plant has little agreement wit
is
De Candolle's Heleastrum paludosum, besides the clavellate pappus; à
racter which equally exists in some other divisions of Aster, in a few spe
cies of Galatella, &c.
.. 118. A. lutescens: rmn -scabrous throu. eeen — ra tque acute,
scarcely nerved ; elongated and deen a petiole, somewhat
serrulate ; the ior aed oblong-linear ; sentis d ipio or rather com cr
| ; scales of the involucre oval or oblong, very ro ne par .
See " T t,
cauline an inch or less in length, and in proportion.
is as long as the disk (but the lowers are not fully developed, so that
Aster. COMPOSITE. 161
character may not be relied upon), and the scales are broader than in the
preceding. Mr. Douglas has labelled - Spent", “ flower yellow”, but
the rays appear to have been at most o If this be the case,
it is doubtless a distinct Nen i x nno, it may prove to be only a variety of
the preceding, as Hooker
$6. Scales of the involucre imbricated in few-several series, membranaceous
or chartaceous with scarious margins, destitute of herbaceous tips, usually
very acute ; the exterior shorter and passing into scale-like bracts : recepta-
cle somewhat alveolate: rays numerous (rarely even in a double series): ap-
pendages of the style subulate from a broad base, or triangular, acute:
bristles of the pappus soft and capillary, nearly equal : achenia amprbénd;
often striate: annual or perennial, mostly glabrous, and natives of salt
marshes: leaves thickish or succulent, narrow, usually 4 estre. —ÓOxrTRiPO-
tium, DC., under Tripolium. (Tripolium (‘or p sect. of Aster,’)
§ Astropolium, Nutt.)
* Scales of the involucre regularly and closely imbricated in. 2 nu $ Series : TAYS CX-
serted, in a single series (heads large): perennial.
e-oblong, acute or acuminate, the exterior
E dae achenia cwn compressed, very
du iva, Middle Fike, Dr. A. W. Chapman !—Stems 2 feet or more
in height, virgate, not in the least flexuous, striate with lines produce
the midrib of the leaves. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long ; the cauline about
a line wide at the appressed base, tapering to the subulate ap x, successively
reduced upwards to so an inch or less in length, rather rigic not
— n the margins; the uppermost sometimes ci ; » tang large
n À. dino osus 3 = scales of the involucre broade ms io:
uh, with a very narrow but distinct and ind
margin. Rays 20 or more, large ines Sa of an inch long ui
bluish-purple. Corolla of the disk sparsely esame below
Jointed hairs. Appendages of the ne m ovate-triangular, acute, flat,
s — oblong stigmatic portion. Pappus capillary, ne n ina is as
ong as the — of the disk. Aie “of the receptacle toothed.—A very
és Sen spec
120. A. flexuosus s (Not): — smooth and glabrous; stem flexuous,
dichotomous ; the branches d fke a ag M (large) Lara heads;
l i k $ wer te, ,
eret: mrap -subulate, thick thic. aod f ja y uA A dc remiss
! 8, !
P- 7, ichx. Tri m? Walt. Car. RN. Tripolium flore
£M sod ichr. A, dose, E ME Tp. f ap maces
terminante,
i . 954. Be er ae
Nees, Pie ve 139; DE:! me Le 1 w Gece 1 Florida!
d mp 1.-21
162 COMPOSITE. — ASTER.
Sept.-Oct.—Stem erect or ascending, 6-20 inches high; the whole ene
Leaves succulent, 3-6 in
long; those of the branches reduced to ovate-subulate acuminate pi
4
un
B
&
$.
et
e
I]
R
o
8
E
Án"
e
e
TE
e
So
e
[e]
[7
[^2]
m
e
Heads few, about half an inch in diameter. Rays about 20, pale purple;
oblong-linear, moderately exserted. Achenia oblong-linear.
* 9 Scales of the involucre in 2-3 series : rays more or less distinctly in a double series,
very short; the ligules scarcely exceeding the pappus, or sometimes wanting : annual.
(Conyzopsis.)
_ 121. A. angustus: stem strict; the branches erect, racemose leaves
» acute, - magie scales of the hemispherical amines linear,
acute, in about 2 series, somewhat equal; ligules extremely short, or want-
ing; achenia densely and ceret d hirsute-pubescent.—'Tripolium angus-
t dl.! in Hook m. C. 5. p. 254.
atchawan, and aid the Rocky Mobi. Drummond ! Slave
gpr ant a foot or in hei with numerous strict
megis! ut he sledile? leaves. Hea ds as large as in the piste. racemose
(either w or num das s) on the bra em on scales of the involucre
rgins.
T hich is often much shorter din à style. Corolla of
the disk re = bir
122. A. eae (Linn.): very mon: and glabrous; stem erect, race-
mosely branched or compound; the branches erect-spreading, bearing nume-,
rous or paniculate heads ; pus linear or narrow kis lanceolate, at-
tenuate-acute or acuminate, entire ; owerm pering into a petiole ;
of the branches subulate ; dm of the cylindraceous involucre linear-
subulate, unequal, in about 3 series; giro somewhat in two series; the
S
5s
"E
FN
©
£o
&
EE
UE
M
as
œ
-
A
mẹ
2
B
Ait, Wi
2p: 154; EID sk. "p. 21. ! fle Bost. ed. 2. p.30 is Tongifolis
aL? Poir. suppl. 1. p. el Tripoli PACA Nees, Ast. P-
156 (in part); DC. prodr. 5. p. 254, partly.
ee marshes, Massachusetts! to anal Carolina! Sept.-Oct. —Stem 1-3
feet high, stout, erect, herd much branched, with numerous paniculate
or corymbose-paniculate heads, which are 4 to 5 ih in length. Leaves
rather fleshy ; the lower 4 to 6 inches long, 3 to 4 lines broad, narrowed is
ale
low, pai as
the inner fully as long as the disk. Ray-flowers about 30, with very short
the di y-
RAE mito poem often shorter than the capillary pappus; the €
eder a single series. Receptacle almost naked: n-
t it is ma
e e after t ture.—The A. subulatus of Michaux,
as well as the Tripolium subulatum of subsequent re ete doubtless includes
both this a and the following species; but Michaux’s character is at least
derived from the present species, which moreover is alone found so far north
as P. wee P But if we may rely upon our — = JE the
| ium of the Hortus Cliffortianu pon their au-
: described is the original A. iiis s (he A A. 408);
corymbose eee Linn. hor :
* or omina. may revert without increasing di esiste since
A. linifolius of of subsequent authors i isa Galatella, and peer only a variety
*
; ASTER. COMPOSIT Æ. 163
of G. hyssopifolia. If this view should prove incorrect, the name of A. subu-
=
latus, Michx. ought perhaps to be retained for Ard rather than the
following, to which, however, d is more appropria There is no specimen
nder e name of A. linifoliu the Linnean hé Bariai and the plant
which, in the Species Pla naris; is cited froin Gronovius (the Tripolium
flore unico caulem terminante, cujus radii purpurei et longi, &c., Clayt.) is
A. flexuosus, Nutt.
* * * Scales kd the involucre in 2-3 series: rays exserted, in a single series.
glabro rns; smi erect or ascending, di Fesely much Fieri the branc
= branchlets slender; leaves linear-subulate, very acute, with fers i
minutely denticulate-scabrous margins; the ili ion narrowly linear, ta-
pering to the base ; those of the branches subulate, very small ; heads (small)
scattered, loosely paniculate ; ; scales of the tuftinsiE- ey a involucre
linear- subulate, very acute, membranaceous, unequal, imbricated in about 3
i r than is i
“galt marshes, South Carolina and vasi (Key West!) to «pei
and swamps in saline prairies of Western Louisiana! Arkansas
a i t
ar nt;
sively shorter and ad be from the base; those of the branchlets reduced to
subulate bract8. Heads e-third to one-half smaller than in the preceding
species. Scales ji ue involocre very narrow, greenis ish, with broad scarious
L he
pointed scales of the ventas. and less exserted rays; it is
tinct species
194. A. Oreganus (Nutt. under Tripolium) : stem rather tall, flexuous,
E divaricately branched; cauline leaves rather long, linear-sub
arly equa pan entire, scabrous on the margin; scales of the involucre -
ee hn i imbricate, . slightly acute, erbaceous; rays
Nutt.—Tripolium Oreganum, Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.)
7. :
n the inu eee banks of the eere m dede d Bee A
consp icuous, what fastigiate. utta ies aas not come
^ r our e ndeciisiss We xe inclined (both from the description and the
habitat) to suppose it the same, ERN. as the Tripolium subulatum f.
ees (Aster subulatus, Less.), from the Sandwich Islands.
195. A. exilis (EM.) : — strict, slender, glabrous, with a few scattered
simple branches, bearing solitary or racemose heads; leaves narrowly
linear, e ed, subulate-acute, entire, with the argo brs
scabrous ; of the branches much shorter; scales of the involucre
tse; acute, €— imbricared in about 3 series; rays (about
164 COMPOSITE. ASTER.
20) exserted ; achenia slightly pubescent.—Ell.! sk. 2. p. 344; DC. prodr.
od soils in the western districts of Georgia, Elliott ! Sept.-Oct.—Root
Abperenty annual. **Stem 4-5 feet high, erect, ve aye slender, s a few
Scattering branches, cick pa PB summit become corymbose. Lower
leaves 4 to 6 inches long, scarcely exceeding a line in width, ae slightly
al e mares the uppe in
s, on peduncles 2 to 4 lines long. Florets of the ray
pet tees as long as the involucrum, pale purple; of the disk Yel
Ell.—We have Ted seen taba specimen in Elliot's herbarium. It is allied
to the preceding, but is a much more strict plant; the broader Pe o ia
pointed scales of the inv. ets more rigid, &c.
wi
ya Md: a cian (Nutt tt.) : pe stem ac ae Psat simple,
of
a
acemo
(linea lancet scales of the hemispherical Leva "detaely viscid-
ubescent; leaves s ubübile- iine ear, some eshy ; the lowermost linear,
3-ne ig taperin g into a slender p etiole, piloak: those of the pn
subulate, scattered, somewhat viscid rays (15-24) rather short; acheni
narrow, obscure diviate, nearly glabrous.—Nutt.! gen
trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 292. Tripolium subulatum, Nees, y
p. 167; Hook.! fl. Bor du. 2 ^w d 15; Lindl.! in DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 ^
Margin of saline springs, near Fort Mandan on the Missouri, alt to
; &c. Drum
the Saskatchawan mond! Aug.—Stem 8-20 inches high, rather
rigid, PY flexuous; the heads (about as ee ek in A. sei iri ia
early so the simple or dichotomous bra
inches long ; the upper a line wide, partly cla sirtar, dee: nd Pi "id
argins vasi if E all scabrou s. Scales of the involucre in about 2
nip acute, with scari argins eed shorter than the disk, loose.
Rays pale purple, Siarada Pa ca ed ne ertt in a single
seri
nia be a few very m pits outed
hairs. aude. slightly sito Fa i is a somewhat peculiar species,
but it is certainly an oe ripolium (with which it accords 1 in habit,) rather
than an oe s Aste
and there incisely nuiki aware phew lt states the se Ga s a ar
subherbaceous, ps equal; rays as long as the disk (pale blue); achenia
smooth, scarcel "me compressed. Nut PERS or
sins: in the Rocky Mox 7000 uk seats the
Sok creeping, slender : stem slender, four inches to a foot
d mm iii
lan: ip sien: tA ete and “ofien the margins f
the leaves are a little ROM. and the rays are much exserted be
the disk. The | linear-oblong achenia are clothed with a minute appressed
— The | root is probably perennial.
“e
` not clasping;
*
mary e + tenes Ge spectábilis su
as large as in A. s
—— À
ASTER. COMPOSIT E. 165
198? A. frondosus (Nutt. under Tripolium): stem much branched;
leaves “nashi t, clasping, rather ORUM Sgen ampas apice of the
involucre, loose and leafy, rather obtuse; rays erous, very small
slender ; rf ia d smooth, about 4- rinin. "Nutt Pus ium o DEB
polium) frondosum, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer . phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7.
* Mud nds in the Mountains, near Lewis River of the
Anse rare: growing imd in the water, and mud. Apparently
biennial, with very A ei cuous flow Wers, and M pa ay leafy — —
involucrum of about 2 series of leaflets.” JNutt.—Our specimens very
es and the ak not fully Le e gi
? A. spinosus (Benth.): glabrous, much branched; the branches
rush-like, furnished with minute scattered sca ee like leaves, Mice s
i i i eads
0
bricated in 2-3 series, unequal, shorter than the disk, datbesiiin, wi i
branaceous "s geh Fie short; achenia very gla abrous.— Benth. !
"Tm dee scm 3) dnte
* The "tia species reached us too late for insertion in the sections to
which they belong
§ 2. CALLIASTRUM, p. 106.
- A. mirabilis: pubescent-scabrous; stem wien sparingly corymbose-
3 ose-scabrous above ; the lowest
bios (tse un lens when young), striat
Columbia, ely hairy unde a (probably in dry soil), Protini Gibbes! Sept.
1-2 feet or more in height, agnis i ig simple, eae oe with a close
be :
sometimes 4 or 5 h somewhat crowded at the summit.
ticki when old, rather strongly pinnately veined Rag more or less reticu-
serrate =e ase to the apex with close ucronate
teeth ; ‘the lower surface less scabrous and more pp
oflen somewhat hoary; the cauline 1-3 inches er iriure ovate, but
the upper gradually diminishing i in size, all but = Teide closely sessile,
he branches similar bu uch Mei iq obtuse,
west cauline aon into a l
oma round ; peg lo | bei ia er =
1 . Involucre minutely 'ubes
coriaceous in in texture,
yw
f
f
— COMPOSITE. ASTER.
closely imbricated, with rather short, but conspicuous, squarrose or roflexed ?
ob tee tips. ays large, thrice ^; len gth o of the involucre, blue
chenia narrow a nd slender, many-striate, somewhat shorter Sion «^.
dis Fiber rigid (brownish or ferrugino Kw unequal pappus; the innermost
bristles of which are manifestly thickened towards the apex. Appendages `;
of D. This v n Seien and at length recurved or re exed, as in
hi eresti i
racter an apy earance between sod roup and our subgenus alliastrum.
We C
lina, who collected it at Columbia ain the ear 1 e De commixta,
. . i
to have a squarrose involucre, has (fide descer. por o cog ance and .
c cor
nd an involucre resembling 2 toaetophyut, as long as the disk; the `
scales oblong-la ect acute his species should be placed at ~
the commencement of the section Callaiun, before A. Radula. T
$ 3. AsTER proper, Subdiv. Concinni, p. 115. .
131. A. gracilentus : very smooth peri DOTS E d — "8 3
strict, simple, loosely paniculate or somewhat corymbos the summit;
cauline leaves linear, elongated, eh see bp rn ‘dupa clasp-
P or acuminate; t lowe r coarsely toothed or incised above the
middle, the upper entire; those of the branches and br anchlets Mi Bao small
E
«a
É
shorter than the disk) closely imbricated in 3 or 4 eor appressed, tance 2
^ late, ac es the exterior very short; achenia glabro
ics Lincolnton, North Carolina, Mr. M. A. Curtis der SER rigid, purple, 2-3
t feet highs pas eas only at = summit; the branches oon branchlets slender,
spreading, terminated by solitary he ads, which are smaller than in m
a A. levis.
wide, 1-nerved, beg peticulate-vein ed, somewhat shining above, very
MEUS
vis, ve serie’ this species from a single speci iod
which i is béwerer s0 reni ahs that it is scarcely liable to be coniubá
with any other.
27. ERIGERON. Linn. (excl. spec. bs. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 146.
: ! Erigeron, Stenactis, & Phalacroloma, DC.; and also Polyactidium? & Heterocheeta?
ts
Heads mostly hemispherical, many flowered ; the ray-flowers very nu ume-
Fo rous and usually in more than one series, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular,
perfect; or some of the exterior (rather transformed ray-flowers) filiform-
tubular and truncate, pistillate. Scales of the involucre mostly equal, n
_ row, in a single or somewhat double series. Receptacle flat, naked, pu
e w scrobiculate. Appendages of the style very short and obtuse.
. . compressed, usually pubescent, MID with 2 lateral nerves. Pappus #
oo Dn qe vv (2-0) asume
kt QE
B d: h x s z^
ERIGERON. COMPOSITE. 167
often with minute sete intermixed or forming an indistinct outer series, or
sometimes with a distinct and short, squamellate-subulate or setaceous (or
+ somewhat coroniform) exterior pappus ; the inner rarely wanting in the ray.
—Hlerbs, or rarely suffrutescent plants; with entire, toothed, or lobed leaves.
Heads solitary, corymbose, or paniculate. Rays white, blue, or purple.
*
It appears to us oem to effect generic divisions among these plants, by
characters derived from the single or double series of rays, or from the simple or
double pappus, or pues any combination of these. The c aracttrs of our sections,
e
s
naked receptacle: the same ohare ers also distinguis sh it from Aster; but the Alpi-
* genous prism stone connect the two genera.
: $1. Rays in several series, shorter than the involucre: pappus jia : ache-
nia 9-nerved : corolla of the disk mostly 4-toothed: annual or biennial
E herbs: heads very small, cylindrical.—C xxorvs, Nutt.
E. Canadense (Linn.): stem erect, hispid, or sometimes nearly gla-
Vii, paniculately very much branehed above; leaves CHR
mostly vius eed de esed. heads sen T numerous,
culate or what osely disposed on the bra Preis sys (rite)
— longor than tse Pappus; achenia oblong, Ere hispid.—
spec. 63 ; Fl. Dan. roe Michz. ! fl. 2. Lean
148; ook. ! fl. Bor. ap 2. p. 20; Darlingt.! A. ‘Cost 471; —
prodr. 5. p. 989. E. pusillum, Nutt. ! EL e (a Soca ei) Senee
ciliatus, Walt. J
elds and waste or open places; Canada! and Saskatchawan! throughout =
the United States! to Texas! and in Oregon! Also apparently indigenous
to almost every part of the world, and naturalized in Europe. July-Oct.—
s
ray many times shorter than the tube. Corolla of the disk (perhaps always?)
4-toothed. ical leaves often pinnately incised or lobed.—Horse-weed.
eed.
- E. divaricatum (Michx. ): decumbent, diffuse, and very much branched, ~..
"se branchlets fastigiate, strigose-hirsute and often somewhat hispid; leaves
line subulate ; heads small, loosely paniculate-corymbose ; rays is
not or than the pappus; achenia oblong, ra glabrous.—Michz.! fl. 2.
223
p.1 rsh! fl-2. p. 534; Nutt. l. c- 3D :
Throug out the Western States, from Illinois! and Upper Missouri ! to
ceris qua along the ppi; in V milar situations with the preceding,
flowering aaa: the dices summer.—Plant rarely exceeding 6 inches in -
height, but very diffuse, at length spreading out one or two feet in width.
$2. Rays crowded or in. two or more series, longer than as involucre : pap-
i v p or sometimes with minute sete intermixed or forming an indis- :
series: achenia 9-nerved : mostly Piel Rvs E
e (angen & med een DC. excl. spec-)
Kem. aotem (alini cine Mee scapes bearing a single head: leaves. $
* misi def a dido pistillate flowers all ligulate. hee
Bsc Sad pte e due sg veil ono ^
TR E TÉ g E 3
a
168 COMPOSITE. EnicERON.
naked or with a few linear bractsg rays twice the length of the involucre ;
achenia hirsute; pappus bispid-seahrous, as long as the corolla of the disk.—
Pursh! fl. 2 . p. 535; Hook. ! ! fl. Bor.-Am = p. 1T (var P. E yika
in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 32, & in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.c.; DC.
prodr. e p.988. Cineraria Lewisi, Richards. ! appz: Frankl. jour. ed.
2. p.
ges maller ; leaves pene: the We ocv very short, 3-lobed.—E. com-
positum, Hoo. k. in Linn. t - 14. p. 3
Interior of Drea: on di paris of hr Kooskoosky! Flat Head River!
&c., and on the k i npe Also t of the mountains between lat.
64°, and the Arctic Sea, Richardso B. pus coast and MER June-
Ju uly. —Scapes 2-6 inches high, sl leafy near the base. Head large; the
bia white - Lan e pink. Bristles of the pappus about 15, with a few minute
terposed
4. E.t topi m (Hook.): hirsute ; leaves on long petioles, 3-cleft ; the seg-
ments short, entire, or nus lateral often du ‘scapes near ly n naked; rays
twice the length of the very hirs volucre ; achenia minute y hair y;
or.-
poppet rig ey age as long as és secede of the disk.— Hook. !
Am. 2. p. 1
Rocky Mountains, Drum —Resembles the preceding; the heads
about the same size. Leaves Miche fleshy.
. E. pedatum (Nutt.): somewhat glabrous; — on slender sparsely
ciliat te-hispid agp A -parted; the segments linear, obtuse, entire, or the
lateral 2-lobed o ed; scapes naked; ra s locfie*] than the scarcely
hirsute jirvoliacee;! ac me minutely hec ; pappus hispid-scabrous.—
. Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7.
Oregon, on the gravel ee of small redii to the east of Walla-wallah,
Nuttall !—Resembles E. trifidum; but the leaves are glabrous, except the -
strongly ciliate petioles, and € lobes more slender; the heads are scarcely
half the size, and in hat gla abrous. NS glabrous, 2-3
inches high. Rays seda cedro » nearly in a single series
6. E. radicatum (Hook. ): minutely hirsute and somewhat canescent ;
leaves re: tulate, sil ara thick or fles scapes with one or two
e
_— iaa airy ; Minus of the orem few, scabrous, shorter than
the orare Jl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 17, t. 122; Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. _
phil. soc
Near Pieds Lake in the Rocky Mountains, Drummond! and in tlie
Blue Mountains of Oregon, Nuttall !—Leaves nearly sessile, glabrous when
old, less than an inch songs clustered. Scapes 2 or 3 inches "E Heads
smaller than in E. uniflorum; the rays spreading, white
8. E. nanum (Nutt.): canescently hirsute ; leaves sity linear, and
slightly spatulate, scarcely obtuse; scapes na ked above; rays scarcely twice
hi see deg
pappus Am the length of the corolla, bitii-scihrone er DRE in trans
Nbre Mountains, in about lat. 42°, Nuttall !—Leaves in a —_ rang
1-2 inches long, scarcely half a line wide, somewhat piteli. apes t Toa
inches long, tome n ntose-pubescent.—'* Resembles the preceding; but has | ""
hirsute haves epi and a different achenium and pappus." Nutt.
8. E. lanatum (Hook.): very woolly ; leaves sque petiole entire,
Os Vict ermost often 3-lobed or toothed ae lbs Split, ac mostly leafless;
eA pire d as the corolla :
aeu d. 17, 121; 37 DC. prodr 7. (mant.) p- 275. — ui
-
ERIGERON. | | COMPOSITE. 169
Summits of the Rocky Mountains, was lat. 52° and 56°, Drummond !
—Scapes about 3 inches high. Head much larger than in E. uniflorum;
the rays white or rarely tinged with om at
* * Somewhat tid (subalpine) species: stems mostly short, leafy, bearing one or
few heads: leaves entire : the inner series of pistillate flowers often filiform-tubular,
truncate. me uc Cass.)
9. E. uniflorum (Linn.): stem short, bearing a single bead; leaves hir-
sute ; the sae lanceolate or linear; the radical ones spatulate ate and be-
coming somewhat glabrous; quo flowers nearly all ligulate ; the rays
somewhat dol "obs the length of the m a UOI involucre.—
Linn.! spec. 9. p. 8 1 f. ge. t. 9, f.3 - Bor.- Am d p.
17. E.alpinum, Pur sh, fl. 2. p. 532. Y han rA De. ! prodr. 5. p.
290. E. pulchellum $. b eicere "T l.c. p.987. EK. humile,
Graham, in Edinb. phil. jour. 1828. p. 1
Arctic shore tnd islands from Greenland to Behring’s Straits and Una
laschka! Summits of the Rocky Mountains, Drummond ! Labr ador | — The
involucre and its dense woolly orae are "usually purple in bo: American
specimens, as they frequently are in the European. are minute
ply. squamellate sete mixed with the longer bristles of the pappus,
Which are sometimes so copious as to form an indistinct outer series, in this
species, and also in E. alpinum and E. grandiflorum
randiflorum (Hook.): very hirsute; caudex thick ; stems short,
bearing a single head; radical leaves oblong-spatulate ; the cauline oval-
tenbeciate : pistillate flowers all ligulate; the rays spreading, te the
gs of thg very densely woolly Svor — Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p.
t. 123.
Samaks of the Rock sy Mountains, Drummond !—Stems 4-6 inches high.
Heads very large for the size of the plant. Scales of the involucre with pur-
pa and naked tpe; the woolly covering white. Rays white or eee
oppe e?
. E. alpinum P somewhat hirsute ; stem somewhat praese.
tinh one or few heads; leaves lanceolate ; the radical —- spatulate, ta-
pering “into a ; the inner pistillate Soesi. numerous, t ubular-filiform,
truncate; the rays spreading, twice the length of the hirsute esc pap-
pe the Gig as bus as the corolla.—Linn. ! spec. 2. p. ; Engl. bot.
; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 2. 8: .
00k. - be
ntains, Drummond te Macpac purple. Apparently a very rare
Species in this Sets Ga e pappus, if it may so be called, in this
tied be observed by C (Dict. sci. gus 37, p. 485), who therefore
: almost glabrous; stem tall, lapis: radical
ine linear-lanceolate ; raceme term terminal, many-
scales of the small involucre d narrow [pistillat = mie mostly or wholly
te]; in the
am a "7 Yi . cent. ; ; (Lo He. & Fing. comp. fl. Germ. 2. p. 364” ; Koch,
fl. Germ. & pour a me 2.» 1h Ek. B.
ramosum, Wahl. - Lapp- p. 207. E. alpinum z h BEA E. racemo-
ri SE ia : Acai o p
zs Nutt. ! m Amer. vacas popeiblum. SEIS
Hw s Bay to = "n “Mountains, Mbcnesine, «nd to Fort
N
\
170 COMPOSIT £. , EmIGERON.
: ranklin on the Mackenzie River, Richardson! Drummond! Rocky Moun-
ains in about lat. 42°, Nuttall /—Plant from 4-6 inches to 2 feet high.—Our
specimens s from the north of Europe very well accord with the American
plan
13. E. nivale (Nutt.): stems somewhat cæspitose and hay at the base,
mostly bearing single heads; radical leaves pee ud Lope lanceo-
ate, ieri d roel at cla asping ; aes cre and t it of the stem .
]
glandularly pubescent; the scales linea ae serene foe go: A 9
longer than the linear elongated somewhat pubescent achenium.
trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 311.
Central Akin of the y Mountains, lat. 42°, towards the sources of the
Colorado of the West; near the limits of perpetual snow, Nuttall.—* Allied -
to A. x i ha t with s subamplexicaul leaves, widest at the base. Pappus
longer than the involucre. Rays? A few filiform pistillate florets outside
the discal. ones. Achenium long and linear, compressed, slightly silky.
Nutt. —We fn not did A species, which is founde d, we Bep! du on
* +> Siem leafy at the base, elongated and — above, bearing a single g^
pistillate flowers all ligulate.
14. E. scaposum (DC. " em denaii bent and leafy at-the base, d
and much elongated above, vubélbos ; leaves hirsute with appressed hairs,
Sr aes or cien coarse ai toothed ; the radical ones crowded,
somewhat petioled ; those of the sterile branches or lower part of the flower-
ing stems Aiea te, partly liig rays very numerous, about twice the
length of the canescently hirsute involucre ; achenia hirsute.— DC. prodr. 5.
El Benth.! pl. Hartw. p. 17. Aster rivularis, tere” in Linnea, 5-
p.12. .
Rio Brazos, Texas, Drummond! Also Texas, Mr. Callana !—Scape or
naked summit of the stem 4-7 inches long. Rays apparently white.— The
i.
€
i
Texan plant accords with that of Hartwe from the north of d and $
corymbose ly branched, utes cents AUN oblo quer
ree orie pasat ) th [y Eri petioled ; heads x3 à
itin rays (pale red) nearly: — -
e bran
length of the involucre, scarcely in a double series; gen minutely pub
cent.—
Sa rans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 307.
Platte, within the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall /—Stem about
ut e ves more or less pubescent 1-2 inches long, 2-4 line s wide,
E i hel
uv us i , OF
kish, more or less pubescent. Heads few, small.. es of
"What strigose-canescent. Pappus simple, 2 of 15-20 very slen-
les, rather shorter than the corolla.
(Muhl. ): stoloniferous at the base, hirsute, €
or lanceolate-oblong, partly clasping, Max arem Ann few ud wes
7-9) and large, corymbose; the lateral pedicels elongated ; rays (about 80)
rather broadly linear, scarcely in a double series, “twice the length of the in-
ight bluish-purple ; glabrous.—Muhl. / in Willd. spec 3-
dis : x
T ri “soft spr snag hairs ; Tadical leaves obovate or Troad
y
p.
f
*
*
ai
5
L
*
sg
ERIGERON. . COMPOSITE. 171
p. aa eu me t. 2402; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 502; Ell. sk. 2. p.393; DC.!
prodr. 5. p. 2 E. pulchellum, Michzr.! fl. 2. p. 124 (excl. syn. Gronov.
whieh re relates es Marshallia!) Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 472 ; not of DC., nor of
k.?
Borders of woods ánd thickets, Canada! arr a the — country from
lat. 54°-64°, fide oe on) to Louisiana
in the Southern
» States, March-April —Stem simple, 9- 20 Mes abire high. "Radical leaves
$
"E
E ke vm 2-3 inches long, # and ien wide, very obtuse. Cauline leaves often
ery few, but sometimes numero Pedicels thickened or dei cal at the
summi. Hacc da imple.— Varies cousiderably in the degree of the pubes-
cenc s entire or — — -— perfectly —Á
fr pu d. ‘Philadel pieum (with which it has so s been confounded) by
achenia, a and by the serve &e. Itis the exilisdo rac species in
x abk e Northen States.—The plant we have under the name of E. pulchellus,
. fl. Bor.- Am., is the same with the E. glabellus 8. of the same work,
whejice (although it may have been so labelled by mistake) we have not
cited the synonym here, — ipe — hen not well Mice
with our E. bellidifolium. Hooker riety from Oregon,
with the leaves foeply toothed, ses ces is cent at we consider a variet
of E. Philadelphicu
© 17. E. Philadelphicum (Linn.) : hene or hairy; stem sesio; Mowty
m ; S end membranaceous, with a conspicuo: drib,
o
HE
e; UU minutely hairy.— Linn. spec. . 863; "Will
p 19 957 i. 149. 49.129; Pursh! d 2. p. 533; Darlingt. T4 pol
p. 462; foe c. compan. to bot. xim 7 . p.. 96; not of Ell. or DC. nor of
Bart. E. purpureum, Ait. Kew. (ed. i ) 3. p. 186; Pursh! l. e. ; Hoo k:t
- Bor.-Am. 2. p. 19; DC.! ! prodr. 5. p. 286. E. amplexicaule, Torr. !
in Short, ae entucky plan
B. stem stout; cauline ares larger, mostly cone and sharply serrate ;
4
H sc
d. “stem elongated and slen iier towards the summit, very at the
base; radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate, dentate; flowers white ; the rays
a not much longer € the disk." Nutt—E. purpureum ĝ. attenuatum,
iq, Woodlands and "fel į common a North vct anm "or
à. Ore gon and Arkansas, Nuttall!
5 & y. commencing in wipes or May in the Southern St
- & y. ofien more th
sins Leti aget thin ; de broad and whitish midrib c
P edice s naked, ——— bs the summit.
on the back; m
om | ecatious. . appus si
Variable as to size odd a i siet species. The var. ð. ap
be an attenuated state of ., and like it has very pale rays,
| shi e _know not ot why Linneus applied to this.
said to come frm Canada tk. * i be
T
P.
Me x COMPOSITE. Edora
18. E. quercifolium (Lam.) : pde: stem loosely corymbose above
radical leaves obovate-oblong, mostly lyrat PEN or deeply si dui.
lin ed,
toothed; the cauline scatter hari epe rais artly disini) di sharply
toothed, or the eneg ost entire; heads small an ki numerous ; rays innu-
rable, almost v scena iino the length of the involucre, pale Me: :
actu "minutely hairy.—Lam. ill. ri 681, f. 4; Poir. dict. 7. p. toke
Pursh L fl. 2. p. sm; "d of DC. E. Philadelphicum ? El! sk. 9. p.
396; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 285; not of Linn., Willd. ! &c. E. Philsdelphi-
cum, Reichenb. ic. a t. 134 ?
Fields &c., Florid up ruta Nuttall i to Georgia! S. Carolina! and
EET EA amr Miss -June.—Stem 1-2 feet Mh. far-
wed. Heads rather mc nam E in E. Philadelphicum ; the involucre,
sd the (often very pale) rays ee that Peru Pappus simple.—
This is without doubt the - dei: seine um of Lamarck; and is probably
§ 3. Rays in a double or single series, much longer than the involucre : ,
pappus double (both in the disk and ray) ; the exterior short, more or less
distinct, setaceous or squamellate-subulate: achenia 9—5-nerved : perennial.
—Srenactis, Cass, Nees, (excl. spec.) (Heterocheta, DC.? Erigeron $
Phenactis, &c., Nutt.)
* Exterior pappus somewhat rod of short sete, more or less intermixed with the
inner : rays in a double serie:
19. E. pore Ker): stems several from a persistent caudex or rhizoma,
e » more or less villous with soft slightly viscid hairs, simple or
sparing Pirson. terminated by largo solitary heads; leaves spatulate-
oblong, obtuse, sessile, the upper often hairy; the low - spatulate-obovate,
w. tapering into a margined petiole s very numerous
(about 100), twice the length of the pubescent or villous geait: ; acheni
= sparsely — , 4-nerved.—Ker, bot b.
. (Aster Bonariensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 528.) Stenactis arci Nees, gu
p- 275. Aster Californicus, Less. in Linnea, 6. p. 12 . § Arn.!
. bet. Beeci ; Nees, Ast. p aoa. 5.
B. plant more villous throughout.—E. m m, Nutt. ! j in ve e
j pub soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 310. "Woodvillea. pr e DC. 09
Ca of California and Oregon, Menzies! Capt. Beechey! Douglas?
Nuttall! (3.)—St 4 s ee
em or caudex jc bino sendin puni si
stem. Leaves maiii. ; he margins of the upper ones often €
ciliate, and the surfaces of the uppermost also villou d —The mo
ge MA a of this plant key rays of which appear Mn fa owish in dried
dod douh, the Wood of De
ih much doubt t ea calendulacea
d
Si rds with the descrip-
ae ggestion n vs "Hoo ker rnott (Bot.
Bey api p pas), Ds uA Mig ds de "identity of the Aster Californicus, Less,
Erigeron glaucum, Ker, of
e ver icum gen hs to cx from ‘South A America; but which these
authors, apparently, with good ‘an suspect to have been raised from seeds
deus ©) nerved. Pappus wi
ERIGERON. ^ COMPOSITE. 173
brought from Catifornia or Oregon by Mr. Menzies; whose dried a
we “ay remark, almost entirely agree with the cultivated E. glaucu
E. macranthum MS mean were stem leafy to the summit;
Ras glabrous, with hispidly ciliat argins, obtuse, mucronulate; the
upper oblong-ovate or éiliptical, partly clasping i ; the lowermost oblong-spa-
tulate, i aporiag into a petiole ; heads 3-5 imple naked peduncles ;
rays numerous, twice the length of the pro rand slightly glandular invo-
lucre ; Edu vient ly hairy, 2-nerved.—Nutt.! in trans. Amer. phil. soc
T.) 7. p. 310
B. leaves very acute; heads larger.—E. grandiflorum, Nutt. ! in jour.
acad. Lage d . p. 31, not of Hook.
Sources of the Missouri, and plains of the Platte, near the Rocky Moun-
tains, Mr. Wyeth! Nuttall! Aug.—Leaves s eu reticulated ; the upper
about an inch dong and halt an AN wide. Heads smaller than in E. spe-
ciosum ; the rays blue er in — Involucr glabrous to the naked
eye, minutely glandular are a lens.— The variety with acute leaves ap-
proaches E. speciosum, from which, Sudo, it appears to be distinguished
chiefly by its dites involuc
specios DC.): stem glabrous below, much branched and .
21. E.
sparsely hispid And ME to diei summit; leaves lanceolate, mostly acute
or acuminate, entire, hispidly ciliate, closely sessile or so somewhat clasping ;
the radical ones spatulate and tapering into a ihc heads co e, ter-
minating the leafy branchlets; rays ve nerous (about 120), ales of
^t 36¢
- Stem often ‘simple, "€ few heads; leaves narrowly lanceolate,
baipiddle- sputitiate Ep m m, Nutt.! in trans. Amer. up 806. 0. C.
` chiefi Am 19.
pet
y. E. glabellum y. mucronulatum, Hook. !
California and Oregon, Douglas . Plains of the retos common,
Dr. Scouler ! Douglas! Nuttall pc. a tall and stout, furrowed. Leaves
often nearly glabrous, except the margins, 2-4 inc ches long. Heads (inelud-
ing the showy violet-purple ray) nearly 2 inches in diameter. Scales of the
involucre attenuate, hispid with spreading whiti airs. Achenia 2-3-
rmung an indistinct exterior series.
29. E. glabellum (Nutt.): stem simple, or sparingly branched
what naked above, pubescent or nearly hispid towards the summit ; Haves
most] — with see and scabrous margins, entire; the upper r cauline
"s or mucronate-
pedro inte A ie "head often solitary : 2. stem
— €eolate, sometimes toothed ; the cauline linear; head otten : 5s
stout; leaves larger; heads larger, , 7-10, in a simple or Tur compound
corymb. " é
*
B E
B. asperum: stem and € rou |a strigose- strigose-
(rays nearly vid 1).—E. as nnd gen. 2. p P. M7; ; CA EET odr. 5. kad.
P- 286. (E. pulchellus, a. Hook. f Boron p.19 (excl syn.)
Greene, & herb. Torr.) e
7
a
. moir it is said to be single, of about 2
24. E. concinnun
" stems several from e root chi
X T eret or ds terminated pe ngle heads;-leaves narrowly
174 de COMPOSITAE. EnicERON.
y- pubescens ee l.c.): stem and leaves hirsute throughout with a
spreading pubescen
Prairies and open abit Missouri, Nuttall! = Nicollet! &e. St. Croi
River, Dr. Houghton! Saskatchawan, Drummond! and throughout te
woody country to lat. 64°, Richardson! Also Bi Oregon near the Rocky
i ttall! &c. and on Lewi olmie! B. Mi
ond | — E
the veni siepe the pica Por. as well as the radical
d. eads about as large as in
E. BN ifo ium, or sometimes nearly Salling those of E. speciosum, to
this species is erent allied. Rays pale purple or blue, sometimes
nearly» white-—The pubescence is PES a variable, and we have a full
serie "Pure mam. connecting the most hairy forms with the nearly smooth
and dioa plant.
* + Exterior pappus of manifest, subulate or potenter selg: rays nearly in à
single series.
23. E. ilum (Nutt.): very hirsute Rus cu with spreading T
hairs; E ! numerous from the same root, o pitose, simple or sparingly
branched, _ by solitary wg tide eaves entire, lanceolate or linear,
| tapering to the base; the radical and low ee -spatulate, aparing into
the
petiole ; rays. somewhat i in a double iia te e the length of the very
late, very short.—Nuitt.! gen. 2. 47, xn trans. Amer. soc. dg eio
DC. prodr. 5. p. 2 sh! fl. 2. c
p.1 p
86. "e hirsutum, Pur. 749, not of Lou
pper Missouri, Bra bury ! Nuttall! Mr. ‘Nicollet! and Reins of the :
near the y Mo ches
Mounta s, Nuttall! May—June.—Stems 6-10 in
high, rather stout, clothed lik ike pix Ios with almost hispid Bains simple or
ene d npare y nearly as la into 3 or 4 branches, naked at the summit, bearin.
a distinct ou
e, the inte al mat about d : in Mr Nutta Ws recent me-
is a
; aý manifest in all the. pe imens w
. dine: elongated, entira gos at the ik | e lowermost tapering into a
petiole ; rays narrowly linear, numerous (about 50), in a single series, twice
the ngth of the very | Epes tena rag hirsute ; ex-
pappus setose-s qu ate. EAR. nm & A rn. ! bot.
y; suppl. p. 350.
e River, xd d ms Pew in the ARG Country” (interior
1), Mr. ie !—Stems abou a span high; the plan
h the E ves u : ) 4 ca te species, but
a Daisy ; the shat
y
idis i |
er than the ovary. ceptacle areo-
tulerit pim
v
ERIGERON. _ COMPOSITE. v 175
E Rays very numerous, WES. or quite in a single series, longer than the
“involucre: pa manifestly double ; the exterior very short, subulate or
squamellate, or Ne coroniform ; the interior of few somewhat deciduous
ristles, often caducous or wanting in the ray: achenia 2-nerved : annual
or biennial.—P RALACROLOMA, Cass. (Stenactis, DC. partly, excl. char.*)
* Pappus of the ray and disk similar. (Erigeron $ Oligotrichium, Nutt.)
25. .E. : branched from the base, minutely strigose or scabro
stems D p mei ta or e we ciment few (1-9) small heads on vga
peduncles ; leaves shor t, with minutely ciliate and scabrous margins; the
radical ones epatulnte- dont di mewhat lyrately toothed or sparingly lobed,
on slender petioles; the lower cauline mostly oblong-linear, entire y
very narrow and n num erous, twice the length of the almost glabrous involu-
cre; inner pappus of 12-20 rather ALI beis Ai —E. quercifolium, (Nutt. /)
DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 285, ¢ certainly not of Lam
Prailics, and banks of rivers, Ar ees Nutta ll! Louisiana, Dr. Car-
penter! Dr. Hale! Dr. Leavenworth ! Texas, Drummond! April-June.—
Q) or 2f ! ori cien 5-10 inches high, pubescent near the base
Leaves somewhat glabrous, the lower about an inch long. Hea smaller
than in E. spere ibas several in number somewhat c
Lcid ^ ORA base w the summit. Rays purplish, v ry slender, ;
n mber, but ne 27 or quite in a single series. Inner pap
^ similar fn dh disk and ray, of 12 to 20 slender rather fragile ikrom
bristles; the very m EM setaceous-squamellate, oli pte
than the diddy preeti acheni
UR
e
E. divergens: somewhat Qu with a minute hirsute pubescence
diffusely boreais from the base; leaves small, entire, a Men ; the radical
somewhat spatulate, narrowed into a short petiole; the cauline scattere d,
sessile, linear, narrowed at the bagi heads (small) pens solitary termina-
ting the naked branchlets or peduncles ; rays Very narrow and nu eie
twice the length of the hirsute involucre; inner M nni of few (s ha? he
cede and deciduous bristles.—Eri igotri ivaric
trans
lar; the exterior pappus shorter.
* * Inner pappus of t Imost or entirely wanti IUE OM proper.) `
ae fe m^ d [s]
7. E. Toe Qs ): sparsely hirsute or hispid wi with more or less
fu hai guapo ú ae qe above; leaves and
176 c OMPOSITJE. ERIGERON.
Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 302. Aster Ber Linn. ! hort. Cp. p. 409,
spec. 2. p. 875; Willd. enum. ise EIN 884. Bellis ramosa, &c. Cornut. Canad.
t. 194. Pulicaria annua, n. fr. 9. 462. Diplopappus dubius, Cass.
in bull. philom. 1817 4 1818. P cds dubia, Cass. in dict. sci. nat. 37. p.
485. S. “agen Nees, Ast. p. 273. S.annua & S. sieianien (excl. syn.), DC.!
te
Radical and lower nee large. ea do or eic er than E. strigosum,
but less showy ; the ray (white or tige with purple) being shorter.—Flea-
ane, Daisfac-Nuttall- b the ray has no obo. and Nees, that it is very
e find form papp
trace of an interior: both the pappus and the achenia entirely correspond
with the m species ; and, aree specimens almost intermediate be-
tween the two ae mes be obse ved.
i penu stem ‘ sig SESE roar at the summit ; leav
entire or slig tly Msn the radical - lower cauline oval or spatulate,
` 3-nerved, tapering into a slender petiole; the u per ones scattered, .lanceo-
late, oblanceolate, or linear, acute or "nnd rays narrowly linear, about
twice the len or pubescent involucre.—Mu.
Willd. / or- Am. 2. p. 185
Darlingt. fis p ! gen. 9. p. 147... E. lon-
gifolium, Hort. Par s. . E. nervosum, Pursh, Wes, „not i
of Willd. E. spathulatum, H. H. pe in trans. med. soc. Ne nS
1822. E. Philadelphicum, Bart. veg. 4128 De dd :
De Walt. Car. p. 205. Ph iac re aiaia, Cass. in dict. l
EC rá em and peo nearly glabrous ; the latter almost tiere entire,
ed. 2. p. 302 $
except the lowest.—E. i Toun Bigel. D Bost
"s y. slender ; “heads = her smaller; rays e-ibblor, turning nearly w white.
—E. "y px is Beyrichii, Fisch. & Meyer, 5th
| ind. sem. St. Petersb. Phalac silice. a Bev Fisch. & Meyer. 6th -
o sem. I. x § in Linnea, 14. suppl. 2. (Carolina, Beyrich. v. sp-
hort. ge
e Fields 2 and open ea Canada! and from the Saskatchawan! to Florida!
and Louisiana! and west to Oregon! June-Aug., or in the Sou ge rn a
tem 1-3 feet high, usua maller
receding, angled or furr loo e at
rather naked. Rays white; the tube h Aci ia slightly hairy.
amellate crown, similar in the ray and €
(-
AU in a single series, rather f. (about 30), longer As the invo-
uere: pappus simple: ee mei A-nerved : Jot scapiform.—
* ERIDIUM. : "e
E^ pe
Dc TIC 9. p. 298, excl. all the syn. Stenactis ambigua, DC. ! prodr.
L4
ERIGERON. COMPOSITÆ. 177
*194; Pursh! fi. . 533; Nutt.! gen. 2. P 147; Ell. sk. 9. p. 393.
Aster vernus, Linn! spec. 2. p. 876 (pl. Gronov. !); Pers. l c. raa
MD Walt. Car. p. 905? Stenactis cda. Nees, per p.915; DC.
pro p- 2
Moist pine partie &c. Virginia! and N. Caroli m. p Florida ! Que
Louisiana! May—June.—Leaves vari "i in per, mes short a
roundish, often narrowly spatulate, with a r less s du bond taperi odd
base. Scape 1-2 feet high, slender, a lit deg pu bien or hairy above, often
simple, and with few heads; not unfrequently once or twice dichotomous,
the branches bearing bul y 3 poni Rays white (sometimes purple,
DC. e i i ading, exserte
triangular, often acute. Pappus (double according to Nuttall, Nees and
De Candolle) in all our specimens cirtáialy simple and in a a les ;
the bristles very slender, scabrous, equal, between 20 and 30 in num-
um Achenia oblong, 4-nerved, quadran guis or eee, minutely
ispi
$ 6. Rays (30-50) in a single series or nearly so, much longer than the à
lucre: pappus double ; FS the exterior short, setaceous or uid earns ;
achenia mostly Q-nerved : receptacle @reolate: perennial or s suffruticose,
with the habit of Diplopappus or a Merete but with the style and recep-
tacle pine geron.—PskvDERIGERON. ae Hp ru
li utt.) : — p branches ‘numerous from a =
Spiga 1, crowded on the sterile branches, scattered on
m ake ‘axing sect (eal) heads scales. of the
jw cum elongated, ignis E. ; rays about 40.—Diplopappus
"en meee ! fl. Bor.- Am .9
! t branches panienlate-eotymbose rays 25-30.—E. filifolium,
Nut. T in trans Amer. ee soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 308. DUM canescens,
2. ! prodr. 5
i ag and young leaves ve 2 scent. Leav ied di in cM xig: very
26d p Scale: mt the intoko pics -— Pappus eer series of
d a few m ini ed, scarcely
: distinguishab e heo the BON is tae comp cote di.
. E. Douglasii : — tall, gla abrous,. ri 3 E y
summit ; ranches octo elongate, mostly
solitary heads, sind bát corymbose O eS leaves. Ae sue
ar, rigid, obtuse, scabrous with mi E pp essi irs; those of
branches much compas rays er or parak bout twic eng
; ewhat imbricated involucre minutely pubesc
; e inner verse lanceolate; achenia son
ute and Ao ms
rapuere e eM
s
Er
178 COMPOSITE. ERIGERON.
and acute, not ve ery ig m dee somewhat in 3 series, rather unequal ;
the inner whitish, with a mid-nerve, nearly glabrous. Inner
pappus of few (1520) brise dim exterior fewer and very small.
om te M = decumbens (Nutt.): eee pee: Moms t Da
_ or ascending, glabrous at the base, leafy, n s from e root,
. ^ somewhat branched or atoe à at the simmit; the, Bacche V onis prek
eads; leaves linear, entire, acute; the lower somewhat lanceolate, taperin
into a petiole; rays bru Nutt. ) more Hé twice the length of the tinens
hairy and rather loose scales of the involucre; exterior pappus minute.—
JNutt. ! in trans. dos hil. soc. e ser.
y ans towards the Oregon, Nuttall ! Wahlamet, Douglas
Stems more slender than in E. c corymbosum, 10-15 cu long; ; the eden
ry, leafy near ly to the summit. Leaves
2-3 inches long, often fess than 2 ES ce the lower gem into
slender petioles. Heads as large as a Daisy, on slender pean Fa les.
of oe M narrow, acute, Sind in asingle series. Rays ina
sin
S: E. ermon queni: canescently pubescent throughout; stems
ticum from the same r rect, bearing few (3-5) corymbose heads at
the summit ; Senses SEIN Toa entire, acute, sessile ; the radical lan-
t
ate ome appressed sc of the involucre ;
achenia minutely hairy ; exterior pappus Squamelae-seacebus very dis-
tinct.— Nutt. / in trans. Amer. "phil soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. :
Rocky Mountains, in about lat. 42°, towards ‘Oregon, E: ——Plant —
6-8 inches. high, €— stout, hoary with a close and short pubescence.
Leaves. rw Jide trongly 1-nerved, 1-3 dcus esses about 2 lines wide.
Heads mi ized, on*naked peduncles. Scales of the involucre in about
2 nearly is series, appressed, hirsute-canescent. Rays 30 or more, ina
Single series. Pappus somewhat brownish; the seed rather copious,
shorter than the 2-3-nerved ao essed achenia. Habito f Chrysopsis, and
with a similar exterior pappus :
: . 94. E. ochroleucum (Nutt.): somewhat a A low; stems numerous
from a thickened caudex, simple, vec naked a pubescent with ap-
a ressed hairs ; earing solitary or rarely 3-5 he heads; radical 1 aves crowded,
pubescent; exterior pappus eig oun very distinet.—Nutt. 7 in
_ trans. Amer. ue soc. (n. ie] 7. p. 309. Di Lis e eds Hook. fl-
5.
alf a lin
emet, nearly sabes rit olg
: cauline leaves nearly sil
+
ue iD
A
s
: ERIGERON. COMPOSITE. 179
E. cespitosum (Nutt.) : dwarf, canescent with a close and short pubes- ~
; stems numerous from a thickened caudex, cespitose, decumbent,
mostly simple and terminated by single beads leaves linear-oblong, rather
obtuse, entire; the cauline tiges the radical clustered, oblanceolate or
spatulate-oblong; rays s (orbit it or pale rose- reme very numerous and some-
what in a double series, heim he length of the hirsute-tomentose ivo)
onia oes ; exterior pappus fais soap -setaceous, very distinct.— Nutt. !
n trans. Am hil. soc. (n. 307.
aktoren: larger ; eee occasionally somewhat branched; rays
more. than twice the Pg a of the involuere.—Diplopappus grandiflorus,
Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am. 9. p. 2
ipn of the Platte, i in the Rocky Mountains, and on the Colorado of
the West, Nuttall! B. Bao: of = Saskatchawan and prairies of the
Rocky Mountains, Drum pay St tems 3-5, or in f. often 6-8 inches high.
Radical leaves in dense "clusters about 2 inches long, or in f. larger, ob-
.scurely 3-nerved; the e 4-1 inch long, obtuse or abruptly acute.
Scales of the involucre s cam very acute, the exterior shorter,
the interior broader.— The he (de is us as large as a ds M in Mr. Nuttall's
plant: in the weisen of T the "endi ell as the whole
plant, are p and the rays longer Mr. Nuttall pat dide the ex-
i
1 Species unknown to us.
$*.36. E. (Paste) canescens : ke nd usu uin linear-
`> + lanceolate, enti re, uch narrowed the base; the lower on lon
a mee ; stem. sim Mrd cor vue the tallies ioa gatid. leafy, bearing
CN p oe
E MES eads ; scales of the invo olucre € very wc kone rous.
een 1
plopappus canescens, Hoo r.-Am »
atchawan, between Ca Dor House Psi Poet Hot
Se to Hooker, this plant may possibly prove to hé a a Fady of his
h
Diplopappus s grandiflorus, which is a large variety of E. cæspitosum, Nutt. ;
bat od issaid to be a taller, more erect, and corymbose plant, with smaller
_ 37. E. lonchophyllum (Hook.): stem tall, Lap. c hispid; leaves ne `~
long, linear, glabrous, nerved, ciliate; the lower ones linear-spatulate; >
“ae e terminal, leafy, many-flowered ; selesi elongated, somewhat leaty E.
(foliolosis) ; rays numerous, narrow Mio 2, UT & than the —
copious pappus. Hook. fl. Bor. Fa
a u
and rigid white ; the cauline leaves several of them 6 dod long and
2-4 lines broad; de heads similar to those of E. gla yeaah but in ue.
specifie character the rays are said to be e longer than
| 38. E. hispidum (Nutt.): stem erect, corym above — and $i
i pid; leaves Lm temer and scabrous on the | n; the ra spatulate ;
` Cauline sessile, acumin ; peduncles olo gres one-flowered ; scales of the
~ involucre hoary, hispid, v pt hirsute, much acuminated; rays very nume-
\ zone. Nutt. in tr il. soc. (n. EE: 7. . 310, not of DC.
"sb
Ba baras altar Nem ie ds allied to E speciosum, from- Shick,
uk COMPOSIT E. to EnIGERON.
m ie. agin to the peduncles, instead of the involucre. There is peed
n Erigeron hispidum of De oisi (in OAM contrib. bot. Ind., & D
pee. but we have left the tall’s species unchan nge d
T Ka firstly, "ir ^. of De Candolle « will perit e removed from the genus;
and secondly, see no adequate distinction between this psit and E.
ore
, red; inn us va = 12 bristles; the outer very dis-
tinct. Nutt. in cem Amer. p e. (n. s 4311
x Oregon.— w per elle pose is bróadisH leaves on the lower
` part of the stem. Bhi ts E. strigosum, but Margen the same, with red
flowers and broad leaves." "Nut tall.
0. E. fo liosum (Nutt.) : rather hirsute and so omewhat scabrous; stem
sod ereet, tere aoi — ated, the summit corymbose; leaves oblong-
linear, sessile, acute, crowded; scales of the involucre lanceolate, A print
acute, in abou sates nearly, equal; rays short, red, about 30; achenia
somewhat hirsute. Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. = 7. p. 909. —
ara, California, Nuttall. ay. —“Ay very r arkable species;
pus
sable a the outer pm e inner of many brownish rays. Stigma exserted,
. smooth and nearly equally filiform i in ine fen, gren truncate and slightly
ubescent in the discal florets. ays narrow, about the length of the invo-
lucrum [that is exserted to about that length], of a. full purple red. "This
species appears rogyn
lines or nerves, but the obtuse stigma appears to be an anomaly i in the genus."
Nutt.—We have not seen this plant, sech, in peepee is ee to resemble
' an Aster in aSpect, and to have been ed from e specimens.
d The v edes the style (stigmas) are, we ue een ires obtuse in
. Erigeron.
E. Carolinianwm, of Linnzeus, is wholly founded on the Virga-aurea Caroliniana,
Dill. Elth. t. 306, f. 394, a yellow-flowered plant, which no botanist has suc- -
ceeded in identifi It has nothing in common with the Phalacroloma obtusifo-
lium of Cassini Aster gen n hs) Th nor with the Erigeron hysso ifolium,
Michx. (w. is Aster graminifolius). confusion commenced with Pursh,
who erroneous] addu the figure IE lenius and the E. Carolinianum as syno-
E. hys mure of Mic
à E. longifolium reg & ders Ji z: tt i , t of thi and in ro-
P: Lie Y early not of this genus,
2 bability not + Slang ant. Pursh adds the mark v.s, bu but we fin ides
- por ione cael In the list of excluded species, De Candolle
i rs it to Jasonin longifolia, but we find no such species described, ‘nor hav
i E retrofezum ( (Poir) a very imperfectly npr goers: species, is said to have
w linear Asi leaves, and a mbricated, and very glabrous
Eu.
: —. mieden i is Chrysopsis pinifolia,
eS DIPLOPAPPUS. Cass. in bull. philom. 1817, § in ar P- 308.
st phir um, Kunth.—Di opappus & Diplostephium. C 87.) &
pany Eq vhs. o4 toa. Nac is Z|
i
j
3
$
& j
*
IN
"W o»
Lu &c. Sees
DieLoPAPPUS. COMPOSIT X. 181
imbricated, lanceolate or subulate, 1-nerved or carinate, destitute of herba-
ceous or squarrose tips. Receptacle flat, somewhat alveolate; the alveoli
toothed. Appendages of the style subulate or lanceolate, rarely short. Ache-
nia more or less compressed. Pappus double; the exterior of copious sca-
brous often unequal capillary bristles, as long as the corolla; the exteri ;
very short, setulose, or setaceous-subulate.—Perennial (chiefly hee
herbs or suffruticose plants, somewhat variable in habit; with alternate most-
ly entire and sessile leaves. Heads c corymbose, or terminating the simple
branches. © Rays blue, purple, or white; the corolla of the disk yellow, rarely
ihpaging to purplish.
The ame Diplostephium appertains to the section which comprises the original
species, D. lavandulzfolium Te which appears to differ considerably, and per-
hàps generically from the Eudiplostephium of De Candolle, and is rhaps much
nearer the Diplopappus § A melloidei-of the latter author.—In a note under Aster $ Or-
omeris, we ure already observed that some, if not all of the species of De Can-
dolle's Diplopappus E Qn ie it with the Aster grace Wall. (Amphiraphis
peduncularis, D C.), the Calimeris flexuosa, € c. (all natives of the mountains
of India), appear to form a troll niil ed genu
$1. Brisiles of the inner pappus sige not clavellate or thickened at the
aper; ‘exterior setulose: achenia vi or silky, short, somewhat com-
pressed : involücre about the length F r disk : leaves crowded, linear,
rigid, 1-nerved, aope with serrulate-ciliate very scabrous margins :
- heads terminating the simple branches: rays violet.—IAnTHE. (Diplo-
C ste: § Amelloidea, Nees. Diplopappus § Amelloidei, DC.)
- D. linariifolius (Hook.) : arvum strict, puberulent or slightly scabrous,
EE several from the same root or suffrutescent base ; leaves rigid, mos dr
Spreading, linear, timeropulate, strongly 1-nerved, glabrous, with ve
imbricated in several serie risið, carinately 1-ne t length somen hat
pa reading; the exterior short, Mice. bobultcs the rone t linear,
mostly obtuse; gs Pappas — "Decii ac narrow, silky-
villous.— Hoo .B 2. p. 21; Darlin “Cost. p.473, D.
linarifullus & D. rigidu 8, Lindl. ! in Dc. prodr. ooo . ieee
linariifolium, Nees, Ast. p. Chrysopsis linariifolia, Nutt. ! 2.
152. Aster linariifolius, ide 4 Spec. 2. p. 874; Miche. ! f. 2 - TÉ 0;
Pursh,'fl. 2. p. 545; i i 2. p. 365. A. rigidus, Linn. le. (fide pl.
Gronov.) ; Mi c.; Pursh! Z 9. p. 544. SE m. A. nemoralis,
A. pulcherrimus, Lodd. bot. cab. 1. t. 6. ericanus frutes-
a
* TOUS,
clustered, or pire y racemose meii Leaves
ng, numerous, mostly
sagen e- with. midrib prominent
the zo ame nches muc smaller,
ds rather. indes the numerous scales of th
ermos: st Baie e. Hea
2 somewhat ciliate; the inner often with purplish tips. - n d * :
Appendages of the style attenuate-subulate.
D. rigidus, Lindl. jc. is to be
Ex
E Lg * #
23g " due Pa
l
+
F aa
-
ox DM é
^ i
182 3 u` COMPOSITÆ. -. DIPLOPAPPUS..
The involucre, at first more or less turbinate, becomes somewhat
ld.
` ariety.
“hemispherical whe
. margins, lonaély itn mbricated in about 3 series ; exterior pg very nn ;
e$ (us canescent; stems branblithg from near the
P d silisteseent ? base; erose-subulate, imbricated, mucronate- pilife-
roi ed,
us; scale of the Mere Janccolate-linca acute, 1-nerved, with scarious
you ng pcos me cent.—Inula? rasan s, Torr.! in ann. lyc. New
LA E anta uides Fit jeg bot. Eucephalus ERE,
: 299;
the R ky E un E ua Bia t apparen ntl y 6
the summit of the branches with appressed Gizo E tia. -ciliate heath-
like es; those near the base 2 or more lines long; those of the branches
le a a lino long, dela’, concavo-convex, obscurely 1-nerved. a 4
ther -15,
solitary, rather small. Scales of the cre. rone: few. A ova 10
pua s da disk, apparently not yellow; the d owers about 12. Appen-
e style oblong, ae shorter than the cd portion, Pappu
of Ber few capillary bristles ; the exterior of about as many in proportion
to the inner as in D. linar folios
de m s aim i: Me de diu the suffrutescent base, simple,
€ mentose-pubescent, naked a summit; leave wded, erect, wat
ran date m, rather Haid, pen Anaspis when
l-nerved, flat, with cartilaginous minutely serrulate-scabrous margins
scales of the hemispherical involucre linear, oie 1-nerv os I: scarious
rgins, p ricated in about
de IT | pe 4 (s ong and one Si breadth. He ads as
. darge as i folha th rays “ pale violet-pürple," 12-15, po OE
Appendage e style simi i as long as the stigmatic portion
SIX Bristles of the i inner pappus unequal, some of them (the innermost) cla-
vellate or slightly thickened at the summit; the exterior of copious short
slightly squamellate bristles: achenia ( pubescent or glabrous) obovoid,
more or less rb ox 7 M involuere shorter than the. disk : leaves
scattered, membranaceous, veiny, entire: heads in compound a
corolla of M disk pois 5-toothed : rays 8-12, white, or somewhat. ochro-
- leucous.- oa PAPPUS. (Species of Tae Nees. puo
§ 1. Eudip hium, DC.)
* * The longer bristles of the inner pappus with manifestly clavellate ol caedi
the style linear-subulate, elongated.
"d
EI UNS
- 4. Es cornifolius aie ary iow — dibuilient -scabrous
pubesce
sparingly co ; leaves ium or
br PUES. à [eras m aii vie. h end, ciliate, hairy on
the veins beneath ; heads few, riens mbose, e divaricate Lac a
glabrous.— jf Cute X. Del rnifolia,
Nees, Ast. p- 181. i Boia cornifolignn, DC.! p p.973. Aster
» &e. Pluk. ! alm. 56, t 79, Yo caule
mes m. d 1. jcatus
2. p. 873 (ex syn. Pluk. & Gronov.
» syst. 3. p.529? A. —
My
-
%
A ;
DIPLOPAPPUS. COMPOSITÆ. 183-
p. 2039 ; Bigel. J pes ed. 9. A. infirmus ae oy
A. hu milis, Pur p. 515 tex, ays Willd.) ; El. eg ts i ern
Chrysopsis pele Fi Nutt gen
Woodlands &c. from (Canada ir es ,) Massachusetts, New York!
and poren ! to Meus and the mountains and upper country of
the Southern States! Aug.- ept. Nem bap thi * sois flexuous.
aves so ga rhombic robles or oval the uppermostoblong- lanceolate),
n -9 wide ads
the some
culate branches; or very loosely corymbose at the summit. Seales of the
involucre oblong- due. obtuse, slightly pubescent; the innermost
Shorter than the disk, the exterior very short. Achenia large, obovoid,
Toten pope but Arineny compressed, 7-8-nerved, viz: with one nerve
ach : and 3 on one side and 2 or 3 on the other. Pappus reddish-
Vn; the e gn very € copious; a large portion of the interior clavellate
brò
" and obtuse mA very dont species.
^
t The Sir bristles uf the inner pappus slightly thickened towards the swmmit
(under a lens), but scarcely clavellate : appendages of the style short, triangular-subu-
late or oblong.
- D. amygdalinus: stem slightly striate, smooth, or scabrous above, c
rymbosly branched at the summit; leaves ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or ore
mes oval, more or less acute or acuminate, scabrous- ciliolate, en or
> alt narrowed into a slight petiole; heads nah in loose corymbs ;
e short in ) i
oose .
hairy.—Aster amygdalinus, Lam. dict. 1. p. 305? (ex syn. Ast. Acadiensis,
&c. Tourn. herb.); Ell.! l. c. (partly.) A. hu milis Willd. sp P.
2038, & hort. Berol. t. 67, fide Nees. Chrysopsis amy pasting, Ni ke * 1
Diplostephium amygdalinum MEUS in dict. sci. nat. 7. p. 4 86? ellin-
geria amygdalina, E Ast. pl
at: stem y opcia heads tes, ‘large. —D. cornifolius, Lind. in herb.
orr. (pa
y. Se fae and rigid; pp Wg a — Deellingeria cornifolia,
Lindl.! in Hook.! compan. to bot. m.
Moist apes pee Jersey! Pennsylvania T i throughout the Southern
ates !
a, Dr. Toni a, Dr. Hale! Arkansas, Dr.
Pitcher! y ees pd Drummond ! Teacsa ! Aug.-Sept.—Stem
-3 feet. thet often producing Be branches. L and
brides mene ollowing, sometimes ovate or oval and obtuse, bu L
cute or E Scales of the involucre scarcely longer than th ure
achenia, MN glabrous. Achenia and pappus nearly as in D. umbell
Both this and the following species are subject to conside
E nym icertai
ies NU Ar umbell Lati was fo jo unded on the. pe i tra d
; enini th the plant cited m Tournefort’s herbarium),
| DE o is said to have been y br from View
ellatus: stem ——: ‘smooth or somewhat at scabrous, fastigiate-
mmit ; vac yay ^in padecen Aegis un
/
A gn E. | COMPOSITR. oa Drevorarevs.
(RD mygdalinus, Hook.! fl.: Bor.-Am. 2. p. 93. D. aimygdalinus Dar-
E lingt. ! 4 ra Cest. - il Deellingeria Fe a, Nees, Ast. p. 178. Diplo-
.- stephium umbellatum, DC. l.c. Aster umbellatus, “ Mill. -dict. ed. 7. no.
2” ; Ait.! Kem. (ed. D 3. p. 199; Willd. pes 3. p. 2030 ; beu phytog-
"bl. p. 74, t. B. f. 2.” ex. Nes.) ; Bigel. fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 310. A. amyg-
- »dalinus, Michr.! fl. 2. p. 109; Pursh, dm LT 549; "Fil. b (pany)
Torr. ! compend. p. 300; Lindl. bot. reg. t
. B. low and small; corymb simple. M iplostephium amygdalinum, B. hu-.
. €.
- Moist thickets, &c. Canada! and ae Scotia! and common throughout
the Northern and North Western Eee € the mountains of South. Carolina.
! A
feet high, simple b E wiki ciet pir d
oe 3 to 4 or 5 inches long, either narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
i es labrous, pale beneath. Scales - the involucre (not Rs Pee the
" 7 D. posnit v oeiee ith a minute short pubeseence : stem terete,
^^ ~eorymbose at the su ; leaves closely sessile, oval, elliptical, or ocea-
somewhat esci mostly obtuse Ai each end, conspicuously re-
b:
ct.
e
ec
=,
e
"+
e
=
um
oO
I
[2]
B
et
pe
oO
= 21
£e
&
RE
sr
2.
ma
es
Pal]
E
[«]
a
B
=
R
[»]
c
e
Un
e
—
fa]
nm
ube
: i involucre, linear, acute, pubescent bud viscid, imbricated in about 3
: ries; achenia pubescent-villous.— E Chr vespils obovata, Nutt.! gen. 2 P
152. Solidago. Noveboracensis, Muhl.! herb. Aster obovatus El. sk. 2.
s. 368. - Diplostephium -bor: eale, Spreng: s yst. 3. p. D. obovatum,
"DC, pana». p.913. De llingeria obovata, Nees, Ast On. EP
B. ib dicats -paniculate ; pedun cles elongated, aked; “heads
racers dichotomus, EU. ! sk. 2. p. 366. Diplostephium | dichotorpum,
i y soil, S. deris and Georgia, Le Conte! Nuttall! Elliott!
~ Ch un a th ! June-Oct. —Stem 2-3 pe
, often numerous frees: th oot. Leaves numerous, 2-3 inc
rd long, an inch or more wide, som iets at membranaceous, often a little nar-
g +, rowed towards the 1 ése; slightly puberule nt-seabrous above; the veins di-
; weap at night angles from the midrib, and conspicuously reticulated beneath.
P oe ads as in toss ber | loosely corymbose, or somewhat
tomentose-pu p les. Involuere
nc
5 ; the klefot no ot ET copies
Ese or: ; sd hebed towards the su
dtc i sterile Sine li d; and, according to Elliott, bic ; Jeaves
E toothed. We have met with no specimen in F Elliott t's herbarium
the or ql ef Aster obovatus; but his A. dicho iri gh is a mere state of.
" aeg Doubtfal Species... ; T P č
llus (Lindl.): shrubby ?. wooll y hout; ranches
u Cm leaves thick, ah val, a m esau
; scales of the squamose i i à mhoin, go ed
naked; tose sho i
p+
t
e
E
| TowssENDIA. t. eoMPOSITAE: . 77 v nA UNA
y DS ; ;
LÀ
. © t
d "act T * ; ds:
29. TOWNSENDIA. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 16,119...
Heads subglobose, many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous in a single
series, pistillate, but sometimes infertile ; those of the disk tabular, perfect.
Scales
of the involucre numerous and closely imbricated, appressed, lanceo-
e, with scarious margins. Receptacle flat, naked, areolate-fimbrillate.
ays linear, often erect; the corolla of the disk infundibuliform, 5-toothed.
Branches of the style lanceolate, rather acute, hairy towards the summit.
cruel ‘the disk flat, obovate-oblong, pubescent or hairy, the margins 1--
; those of the ray 3-nerved. Pappus of the disk-flowers composed of
numerous rather rigid and uniform barbellate-scabrous bristles, as long as on
corolla (slightly cohering at the base? persistent); that of the ray of fewer
short subulate bristles or squamelle, sometimes with one or two slender bris-
tles intermixed.—Dwarf acaulescent or subcaulescent herbs (natives of the _
Rocky Mountains and the banks of the rivers which rise on their eastern
slope) ; with a branching caudex or a perpendicular root, and crowded linear
orspatulate entire leaves. Heads large for the size of Kis plant, sessile or
nearly so at the summit of the caudex, or of the proliferous branches. Rays
rose-color or nearly white. i :
* 1. Root perennial ; the caudex somewhat ligneous : rays fertile; the v
pappus squamellate-subulate, and mostly with one or two capillary bristl
resembling those of the disk.—TowNsENDIA proper.
1. T. sericea (Hook.! 1. c.): —— leaves spatulate-linear, silky-ca-
ent, erect, surrounding and partly concealing the sessile heads ; scales -
the involucre sabulatelaneeoate; 9 n dnd n — wit
al ; s -
or two long ones embiing those of the py ers.—Aster
pus, Richards. ! a; on x. orm k: p ed. 2. p.
Fairs of th each mach ipid y epito. —
er slender. irs of enium minutely
lower-bud, according to II ans is formed in the autumn and
ands the following spring. .
á 2. ia caudex, verdes stems, bran branching; 1 bes f=
of the involucre oval-oblong, uu nne:
T sert somewhat alveolate-Bimbrillate ; achenia ^"
Ko k { i P A
H
& HE a .-: COMPOSTE = Townin
— hairy; pappus of the ray composed of AY, one EAR setaceous bris- -
be ames than the achenium.— Nutt. n trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. -
p. 305.
ear the e sources of the Platte in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall '—Plant
about 2 inches high, densely cespitose and depressed, inclined to pro ucedi- .
chotomous stems. Leaves about half an inch long, indistinct l
Heads smaller than in T. sericea. Scales of the involucre oe he pubescent,
with broad scarious and conspicuously fimbriate-ciliate mary Rays
wie the emis of the disk, pale hlac; the pappus spei that of ie
disk, but shorter
- Root perennial: pappus deciduous in a ring ; that of the scarcely er-
ud fertile rays equalling that of the disk.—Umornonus, Nutt.
T. s spathulata Pie ! I. c.): densely Ale caudex branched ;
leaves S or obovate, silky-villous, narrowed into a petiole as long as
im owded, and nearly enclosing an i Sledite nena: —
qM eola lanceolate, acute, scariou somewhat
On the Black Hills of the Platte, uh 19 procedinz Nuttall Apian i
. inches high. ‘Achenia oblanceolate, margined, slightly pubescent on the
disk, and usually naked by the escape of the deciduous (barbellate) papp i
an
t c
similar, the present plant probably constitutes an allie | genus.” ult
Specimens are too old, and have lost their achenia as well as pappus
apa abe ot is also Sree me s in the other species, when the fruit is fully
V
3. Root annual, hickonelt at the summit, and producing depressed branch-
ing stems : rays pistillate but infertile ; the short pappus composed of lacerate-
— .. denticulate squamelle, often somewhat united at the base.—NANASTRUM.
-.. (Subgen. Nanodia, Nutt., not of Banks.)
»i d ce depressed; leaves dE ely ee
: i ck H "Bil near ar the b. of di Pad Nul r
i E : ar; r asin T.
what d or coroniform. - ee
grandiflora (Nutt.! L c.): diva S. tivi di Wee
: epressed, often proliferous; leaves scattered, resin tend oc:
utely dee the uppermost braeteate at the base ‘of thé (large) ...
the involuere n , sub ome
« margins, rays 25 AN enpued (pale lilac achenia mi-
the Upper PI atte, Nuttall ! Dr. James! , ‘Jose eS
pue UR ateral decumbent,
ring a ingle heads the 1 "wt
the ground, en branching and bésting 3or4
the cauline alternate.
rx 5.
xt
å
E.
at
CnxTOPAPPA. '" COMPOSITE. 187
30. GI TOPAEEA- DC. prodr. 5. p. 301. (1836.)
Chzetanthera, Nutt., not of Ruiz g Pavon.— TE pri Nutt. in herb. DC., not of
Agardh.—Diplostelma, Raf. (1836.)
Eiis about 20-flowered; the ray-flowers 8-12, pistillate, in a single se-
ries ; those of the disk tubular, perfect ; the central mostly infertile or abor-
tive. Scales of the involucre about 12, lanceolate, acute, rigid, with scarious
margins, loosely imbricated in 2-3 series, carinately 1-nerved; the outermost
shortest. Receptacle narrow, naked. Rays linear-oblong; the corolla of
the disk infundibuliform-tubular, 5-lobed. Style somewhat included; the
branches short, very obtuse. Achenia nearly terete, somewhat fusiform, 5-
-~ striate, slightly hairy. Pappus of the ray and fertile disk-flowers similar,
ble ; the exterior of 1-5 very small hyaline scales ; the interior of 5 rigid
" — . Scabrous bristles nearly the length of the corolla: that of the central mostly —
infertile flowers simple and similar to the exterior pappus of the fertile
owers, or coroniform, the bristles wanting.—A small annual herb (4-10
: . inches), diffusely branching — the sees ipeo strigose. Ln» alter-
nate, e ; the radical and spatulate, a pe-
tiole; the upper linear. Heads terminating the brarichléfe) gulitary or loose-
- . ly panieulate. Flowers of the ray pale purple or white. ;
T
C. asteroides (DC.! 1. c.)—Cheetanthera wf Nutt.! in jour. P
x. Philad. 7. p. HH Cher d Nutt. ! in herb. DC. ag
um ramosissimum, Engelmann! mss. m
'rairies and ied places, fetes) Nuttall t. ‘Dr. En gelma s .%
Le avenworth ! to ) Tex xas, Mrs mond! March- —Heads about "t size
ES nippu of the ne and of exterior perfect flowers is jT
~ all our d ral of the ns, flowers, althou perfect, are ij
3 “emailer M pa mer dian tiones in these the i inner pe: ae :
. . Ang, and the deor Fey only ru uisa a coronifo plant. " EY
^. .. begins to flower when the he ee ut 2 pehes high ia a wx
. „İn the season it branches very much, and pa num merous heads are Dort : dion
pi: Now Md eor rw d e es f ^ et : í
m M * c "A
F Wu ; jO. prodr. 5. x 3k.
ER 31. BOLTONIA. Dno ert anb 27; D Bots. p. "
E E Ede many-flowered ; ‘the ray-flowers er in a single serie ye 2
|. . Cf the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the soie x
^ Somewhat in 2 series, appressed, scarcely pes , j
‘what membranaceous margins. Receptacle hemispheric erical or "conical, ob- i
E urely alveolate. eim of the. style Tinear-oblong, with very short ap-
E. pendages. A vate or slig! ight ly: ate, ridi.
ee “iin wig i the ray often 3-winged, glabrous or s irae
pe _ Pappus of several bimi pn ^ frequently
188 COMPOSITE. Borronik
brous and somewhat glaucescent paniculately branched herbs, with the habit
of Aster. Leaves mostly vertical, lanceolate, sessile, entire, or the lower
rarely serrate, with scabrous and somewhat cartilaginous margins. Heads
rather small, loosely corymbose or paniculate. Rays white or purplish.
1. B. asteroides (L'Her. 1. c.): achenia broadly oval, oe $ pappus
of 4 or 5 minute setulose teet th, similar in the disk and ray, deciduous; heads
loosely ES mbose; leaves lanceolate, entire, or the lower NIE serrate.
—Ai ew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 197 ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 132; US Ast.
Te Matricaria asteroides, Link. mant. p. 116. pe a ach
Carolinianu anum, Walt.! Car. p. 204.
Pennsylvania, Bartram, Aide: ) and along the mountains to the S
States !—Heads larger than . diffusa, but rather smaller than in B. glas-
tifolia, which it closely reéém bles; sos from w a 4 is Ni dene by the
minute pappus. "This would appear to be a
only a single specimen, sre d in Burke Gebers. s Gariad I ps Mr. M.
Sac Curtis ; and Elliott did not meet with it in the ow country of the Southern
I
x
- B. glastifolia (L'Her. 1. c.): achenia obovate, b d winged, Qn
sligiiy hairy; pappus of several very short bristles, and (especially in ib
disk) with 2, or sometimes 3-4, more or less elongated dobier awns; head y
rix corymbose ; npe lanceolate the lowest often serrate.— Ait. ! l. c.5
lichx.! l.c. ; Willd. spec. 3. p. 9161; Sims, bot. mag. t. 2381; xe sk.
2. p. 399; Nees, Ast. Pf 9357 Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 9. p. 933; DC.!
B.? decw : leaves elongated lanceolate, rather thin, decurrente on the
' stem; the broad decurrent portions usually terminated by short
lar oe lobes, thus appearing sagitta
amps and wet places, Diaper ¢ Canada, Penns sie. d nearly
. throughout the Southern and Western Stat 8. Wet prairies of Illinois,
Dr | i uie d
^—Plant 3-7 feet high. Leaves d inches es
base, e. Butin Mc B. w is perhaps a distinct Vots os ue
leaves are of the e br ughout in the only specimen we h é
seen, of the branches Closely sessile; the ciie (upper) vndy
Sx = . difusa (EIL): achenia x eri ege rather narrowly. winged ; pappus
of several very short bristles, and 9 short subulate awns; he ^j (small) tie
fusely. paniculate ; branches and branchlets very numerous and slender;
cauline leaves linear-lanceolate, entire; those of the Princi small, linear;
those of the | hlets subulate.— Ell. sk. 2. 2. p. 400; Hook. compan. to bot.
ir m l. p. 97 * $e ; DC.! prodr. 5. P- 301. B. asteroi des, Sims, bot. mag. 5 "n
,, Damp il ran er — Le. Southwestern States from Georgia!
x to Western pet on. -Oct.—Stem very 24 E
| CUIUS breie Nat us coal me ii eee p ies not more ae half the sizeof —
iugi. ns the achana malin operons the stout awns not their
be
ex
^k
— Bubdis. 2. hs ae: DC Perge none — — boar,
Perss. COMPOSITÆ. 189
hs
Receptacle conical, slightly alveolate. Branches ofthe style short and broad.
Achenia obovate, compressed, slightly hairy or hispid. Pappus none.—Low
å herbs (natives of Europe, with a single exception), either acaulescent and
perennial, or caulescent and annual. Leaves mostly obovate or spatulate.
Heads solitary, terminating the scape or branches. Rays violet-purple, rose-
color, or white.— Daisy
§ Annual: stems branched.—Kyberia, Neck.
; - B. integrifolia (Michx.) : € pne d leaves entire, eite
ly hairy Uum "enit the radic spat tulate-obov. ate, scarcely
upper lanceolate or cien Siei : iara elongated ; scales
of the volnera lanceolat ate, acuminate, with m membranaceous margins ;
gi
achenia somewhat eb ropa Micke. ffl. 2. p. 131; Hook? bot. wg te t.
3455; DC.! l.c. ‘idling 3, dee reus ,e€xsyn. Astranthium int
grifolium, Nutt.! in - Am hil. so
"3 Along streams and in Adrien Nds ky! y ea e! Arkansas! and Texas!
».. March-June.—Stems 4-12 inches shiek Heads abo as large as the true Dai-
-sy (B. perennis) ; the ray pale purple or violet. Sept of the involucre clothed
with scattered ae acuminate into a bristly point. Appendages of the style a
i ge e longer than in B. annua. Rays piacilate, pt apparently ep fer-
i afi ied to be a true 2h of Bellis annua, as Hooke
33. APHANOSTEPHUS. DC. prodr. 5. p. 310.
_ Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers pistillate; those of the disk tubu-
A lar, perfect. Scalesof the involucre imbricated in a double series, lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, with scarious margins. Receptacle conical, large, naked.
-Rays linear, twice the length of the involucre ; the corolla of the disk tubu-
» lar, 5-toothed, narrowed at the base. Branches of the style short, flat, termi-
pated by a very short obtuse flattened cone. Achenia terete, obscurely
A , nearly glabrous. Fappus det p i maoks C oae aes nearly
entire.—Annual? or p d Te exan)
+ heats” Leaves aliéciite, inciscly toothed or lobed. Heads M: a
. culate, terminating the breticklets, UT white.
1 €T 2f A ndm
=.
Le * 1 ‘A. Ridd lelli: B Am <a ; stems bmod fiot pie «E pe radical
z UL dv v? perci Jae leaves lanceolate e-spatulate or nearly linear, acutely and
.. .. incisely toothed towards the apex, tapering below into a long and slender pe-
# tiole j those of the pra e yon linear, RE d igid, sken-
E É xas, Dr. - dell ?—! eS us, | id 1
hee op thes high; the flo g branchlets slender, naked towards
somewhat ea aeg Heads,
wu
&
-
des; ; as De Can- i
"i.
190 COMPOSITE. Bnacnrconr.
34. BRACHYCOME. Cass. dict. 37. p. 464 & 491 ; DC. prodr. 5. p.
305, § 7. p. 276; Benth. enum. pl. Hugel. p. 59.
eads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate, in a single series; those
of "i disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the campanulate or hemispherical in-
voluere in 2-3 series, appressed, with membranaceous margins. Receptacle - -
conical, somewhat alveolate. Achenia compressed, or nearly terete, crowned
with an inconspicuous squamellate setulose pappus.—Low herbs, with the
habit of the annual species of Bellis; chiefly perennial, and natives of Aus- ,
tralia. Rays white. t
anthionomoide es ? A e E diffusely branched from the base; the
branches somewhat pube. x eod wie hairs, naked at the summit and
bearing solids heads ; Tes nearly gla nb D" the lower oblong-spa-
tulate; those of the branches enel linea sile ; scales of the E NE p ao
oblong-lanceolate, pe with broad scarious esit gor ss. Syn. p. 1
& in Lin Jip: 2 s
exas, "Dri ond ! i. sp. in herb. B. D. Greene. mei specimen which _
we describe was mixed with some other plants in Drummond’s Texan col-
lection. and not anbara The plant resembles Bellis i integrifolia’ in aspect,
but i is s smaller, and the heads not half the size: the involucre is very similar ;
2 series, herbaceous in the centre. Rays about 3 lines long, —
hike, Corolla of the disk cyathiform, expanded, deeply 5-toothed, the pro- >
ú>
exico by ap} cord ral
chycomes, and ap differs fogs celis species of Bellis in the minute
pappus; rennial Spanish Bellis (B. papulosa,
os > Bow) exhibits a titer pappus, it is evident that the ew genus scarcely "E
y deserves to be distinguish
* Div.2. Currsocomes, DC. —Heads pithet beterogamons and radi- ` —
$ ate, or homogamous and discoid (both form nthesame | :
s genus) ; the rays and disk-flowers yellow and “i unchanging. Receptacle never:
“sage
Sy Vc ^ , coxsPEcrUs OF THE GENERA. : :
i * EU Subdiv. 1, GYMNOSPERMEE. Pappus n none. — V Maias"
à 35. Grarsosrzmon. Rays few, very small. WV Wu rp
c sw Subdiv. 2. Acnrarex.—Pappus chaffy or E TE
n 36. Pacara, Mehenia of thé disk ; the narrow scales of the. - e
CU ok mnitedoast ih base; of the ray fertile, * a short at ay *
_ * S-Gurmmasan. A of the disk and ra bloc NP
4 Sibi. 3. 3. Som Pappus : hms gèn. the disk gv cre €
* crei utr a rarely squan ke bristles
F 2 : * bu
| € :
an ai
H En |
CHRYSOCOMEE. COMPOSITE. 191
* Pappus of very short squamellate bristles.
38. Bracuycuzta. Rays and disk-flowers each 4-5. Lower leaves cordate.
i * * Pappus of elongated capillary bristles.
— = 99. Sotrpaco, Rays few, gid none ; disk-flowers several. Eg alveolate.
40. Bicgnovia. Rays non sk-flowers 3-4. Receptacle cuspi
^41. Linosyris. Rays n $e s losers 5-many. Receptacle ——
Achenia iss yum. -villou
42, Ammopia. Rays none: disk-flowers numerous, Scales of the enbia sca-
pre rious-membranaceous. Achenia attenuate, hairy.
43. Macronema. Rays 6-8, or none: disk-flowers numerous. Scales E the in- -
volucre scarcely in two series, with foliaceous tips. Achenia hairy. =
44. age ge Rays 3-6: disk-flowers 7-9. Scales of the oblong or cynical
volucre imbricated. Achenia glabrous. Pappus
E Sige. Rays 8-12: disk-flowers numerous. Seales of the ggg anan
4 involucre broad, EEr imbricated. Achenia silky-villous. Pappus
; lie iM
ant
*
ése enpi i ya
46. IsoPAPPUs. Rays 5-12: disk-flowers 10-20, Seales of the cylindrical involuere
, lanceolate-subulate. Achenia villous. Pappus equal, in a single series.
* + * Pappus of numerous — bristles, more or less rigid.
BUS
y" 47. APLOPAPPUS. do amg x or turbinate, villous or silky. Pappus of co-
» E UM pi rhe d espero bristles. TU
iw 48. Pynrocoma. led, glabrous. Pappus of copious uniform
slender a ba vues s feleti
m
Es Patoxorsis. Achenia ovoid, at Pappus of very unequal deciduous
^ bristles; some of them v rim
a 50. OENTaAURIDIUM. Achenia turbing pubescent. Pappus of several nearly defi-
nite subulate persistent + bellies
Jm o s * * * Pappus of few rigid awns or bristles.
_ 51. GRINDELIA. Pappus of 2-8 corneous caducous awns.
: WR Pentacuzta. Pappus of 5 persistent rigid bristles.
950 Suldiv. 4. HETEROTHECEÆ —Pappus of the ray and disk dissimilar.
53. Baaonvnia. ide the ray double; the exterior of short and squamellate, the ©
: r of capillary barbellate bristles; that of the disk of 2 chaffy awns.
‘ E 54. Herenorueces: Pappus of the ray none; ; of the disk as in Chrysopsis. -
252 Subdiv, 5. Cunysorsinex:—Pappus of the ray and disk similar, double. - i PW
ES Curysopsis. Exterior pappus rt, sctose Salis ‘the inner capillary. d iy
Ee :
i T Bubdiv. T Grawosrsanee, a, DC—Pappas esl ening.
H x. :
s "35. GYMNOSPERMA. Less. syn- p- 194; DC. prodr.: 5. p- 3n.
‘Heads 8-14-fi flowerdd; the ray-flowers 3-5 ( someti wanting very nar-
p row, and with an extremely. Lien codon der IL fe klar
‘a and ect, sometimes: sterile. Involucre oblong ; the SC imbricated, ap-
E d 4
192 COMPOSITE. GYMNOSPERMA-
portion. Achenia oblong-cylindrical, slightly compressed, destitute of pap-
pus.—Suffruticose and fastigia T. er (American) plants, glabrous,
mostly glutinous or varnished, st ged - Solidago $ Euthamia.
Leaves alternate or sometimes opposite, , sessile, entire, punc-
tate. Heads small, ternate or JH at the summit. of the branchlets,
ly corymbose-fastigiate. Flowers yellow.
- G. corymbosum (DC.) : shrubby ; branchlets somewhat angled, dicho-
Re ieee ep leaves iiiv oblong [o or nena lenwetiaie tapering to
each end, somewhat viscid, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves slender; hea ag-
ed ilies together at the summit of the branchlets S-flowered ; the ray-
flowers 5, those of the disk about 3 Gl
Texas, Dr. Riddell !/—Ligules not half the pone of the tube. Achenia
minutely puberulent.—De Candolle describes the leaves as oblong, but men
tions at the same time their length as 12 to 15 lines, and their breadth 2 lines
Subdiv.2. Acuyripes, DC. 1 persistent chaf-
fy scales, or short and coroniform, alatis nearly obsolete in the ray.
36. AMPHIACHYRIS. DC., (§ of Brachyris) notie. 7. pl. rar. Genev. p.
1,t. 1, & prodr. 5. p.313; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 313.
Heads many-(20-40-) flowered ; the ray-flowers (8-10) ligulate, pistillate,
fertile, in a single series; those of the disk staminate and pistillate, but by the
abortion of the ovary infertile. Involucre obovoid, shining as if varnished ;
the scales 10-12, rigid, appressed, imbricated, often bracteolate at the base,
the summit abruptly somewhat foliaceous, mostly obtuse. Re-
coriaceous,
‘ pe alveolate. Corolla of the ray oblong, with a very short tube; of the
. disk much
T i
smaller, infundibuliform, 5-toothed. Branches of the style (in the
disk-flowers) oblong-linear, rather acute, papillose-hispid quite to the base.
Achenia of the
ray oblong or obconic, somewhat inda with a minute coro- 4
niform or nearly obsolete pappus; of the disk none or a mere rudiment; the * —
pappus of 5-8 scarious very narrowly linear ale slightly dilated towards —
the summit, about the length of the corolla, united at the base into a campan-
ulate tube.—A perennial (or possibly sometimes aaa herb, or suffrutes-
cent glabrous plant, fastigiately much branched (in the manner of Solidago
§ Euthamia, with the involucre much asin Sericocarpus) ; with lanceolate or -
narrowly linear and entire sessile (1-3-nerved) impressed-punctate —
the margins scabrous. Heads deg the numerous branchlets. Flow
Ard s.
duet PT l c.)—Nutt.! in trans. soc. l. €.
mer. phil.
ris ramosissima, Hook.! ic. pl. t. 142 ; DG. podr 1. 28.
Nuttall! Pourtales ! as, Drum ! Sept.
-3 feet high? the branchlets- angled, "Leaves 1-2 inches long;
often lines wide; or all narrow and 2 lines in width
in -); the lower obscurely Saeed emis more
by, cmm apa i pul
not observed so man pappus in the ray ai opret
e 4 MS P
t cd
5 E i
f, ih
" a i
€
E
^ GurikRREZIA. COMPOSITE. 193
37. GUTIERREZIA. Lagasca, nov. gen. & spec. dete p. 30; Don,
and Hook. & Arn. in compan. to bot. mag. 2. p. 51
E Brachyris, M. C pe esky 8 1. (excl. no. 6)& Hemiachyris, DC.
iid Heads 8-40-flowered ; ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in a single
y series ; those of thé disk tubular, perfect and fertile. Involucre campanulate
= Or turbinate ; the scales appressed and closely imbricated, rigid, with some-
ë. what foliaceous greenish tips. Receptacle naked. Corolla of the ray oblong
- er oval, with a short tube; of the disk infundibuliform, 5-toothed ; the teeth
short, recurved. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers linear, elongated,
`- obtuse, hairy down to the very short stigmatic lines at the base; in the ray
glabrous, the stigmatic lines extending to the summit. Achenia somewhat .
_ Obeonic and terete, pubescent or silky. Pappus of several linear or oblong —
chaffy scales, mostly in a double series, persistent ; that of the ray sometimes
obsolete or wanting. —Perennial or suffruticose plants (natives of the region
* beyond the Mississippi, and of Mexico and South America to the extremity of.
.. the continent), glabrous, somewhat. glutinous and. balsamic, with linear or
> lanceolate entire mostly impressed-punctate alternate leaves. Heads solit Kg d
egated (about 3 together) at the summit of the et igre or paniculate E
p eii, Flowers yellow. E gE
ry
-
Jn l. Pappus as long as the Dolce) more or lis distinctly à in i doa
ries ; that of the ray similar to the disk, or often shorter. —Goneanena,
Sea by (Brachyris, Nutt.)
Californica : stem terete, somewhat paniculate at the sum
“leaves eck acute. do. ph set t the base, — wis ciliate, preg
l-nerved ; he rs
us of mostly 9 carer bnc: rather acute
an the : oum 3
Arn.! bot. Ts P
Stem a foot high. Limb e lig
Pappus oa gei. in a double se
Toker & Arnott cage this not only
ably cad. linearifolia, Z
s are shorter and. 4
iene are sa MM :
i arrowly Tinear,' oe attenuate at rs base, 1-
y T co ompound, fastigiate,
OE glomerate eA ical; flowers of the ray and d
about 5; quom qe mostly of 9 ec dnm obtuse ch
th ofthe ach FEN S
jor.-~Am. 2. p. DE. i-e, Bra es vachyi } uam: Spreng. a
E AB ursh, 3 ,
id hills of r Missouri, & Sa aN "Nutall * tithe siia A
Di /—S$te 6-12 inches high. Ligulate a
seo maing ‘the limb mb bony or Pa i: ab us in a double series ; 5 that €
in ^r E: ES i : d È x oe
da COMPOSIT/E. E 3 GUTIERREZIA:
s 3. G: divaricata: suffruticose; stems much branched above, divaricate- E
owe
pus of 9or 10 narrowly linear acutish chaffy s cem those of the disk longer :
n the achenium.—Brachyris divaricata, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc 2
(n. ser.) 7. p. 313. B
On the Platte near the Rocky Mountains, with the preceding, Nuttall /—
Plant with a habit of the following, and nearly the achenia and pappus of
G. Californi
§ 2. Pappus of the disk short and nearly coroniform, of the ray obsolete or
none.—HeMiacnynis, DC
~ _of the ray 5-7, of the disk 7-105 | pappus of the ray n obsolete ; of f ihe
. disk consti of several very small ovate Shay piles Pi bsg
Texana, DC.! prodr. 5. p. 314. rachyris n. sp. Nutt.; Torr.! in
C. ic.
rk. B. microc
Prairies of Arkansas, Nuttall, Dr. James! Dr. Leavenworth! Texas,
mmond! Berlandier! Dr. Leavenworth ! Dr. separ Aug.-Sept.— .
Stems 1-3 feet high; the branchlets, heads, &c., somew Pues varnished. —
Scales of the involucre lanceolat te-oblong, with cari Corolla of
=a Duc; uo Style as in the preceding species. Ache minutely -
2
Subdiv. 3. Sor inAciNE X, DC.—Rays in a single series, or often none. Pappib o) Se
similar in the disk and ray, sinple, of capillary or setiform, rarely squamellate e ^d
— PONE E Aa 1
Md Pa UB BRACHYCH TA. : ks.
"1 Heads €-10-owered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile ; those of "
7. the disk tubular, perfect and fertile. Inv, oluere cylindrical; the scales — -
.. (about i em am appressed ; the outermost short, the others oblong-
linear, with somewhat greenish but scarcely herbaceous tips. Receptacle
‘Marrow, naked. Ray-flowers 4-5 ; the tube of the corolla as long as the
- oval li : corolla of the disk dilated above, 5-cleft; the lobes lanceolate. _
as Branches of the style (in the disk-flowers). acute, produced above the short .
and flat stigmatic portion, into a deltoid- lanetlate minutely hispid acumina- .
tion. Achenia somewhat obconic. Pappus of the disk and ray similar,
e consisti TO juamellate bristles, in a a single series, shorter
2t. ies = the achenia—A peronii Bert, with the habit of Solidago ; the stem
simple or gly paniculate at the summit, Leaves alternate, pena
Sx
À petioles ; sharply s e; the fecal roundish. H E A
pen E.
:
ose-gio te, nearly sessilé; the clusters, or near the summit the
Bs heads, disposed i in an elongated and interrupted apegan leafless
| l or spike. yellow. oe
Bracnyenmra. | —— COMPOSITAE. . 188
R B
106.. S. cordata, Short! suppl. cat. Kentucky plants. Brachyris ovati-
folia, DC.! prodr. 5
Wooded hill- sides of Kentucky Rafinesque ! Dr. Short! &c. a the
mountains of North Carolina, as far east as Wilkes County, Mr. Curtis! 4
ves
3-5 inches broad, mo vom inate, RO veined mye ye
the ovary, which, if prolonged to the length of the corolla, would form form
bristles ay sronda than those of Solidago.
_ 39. . SOLIDAGO. Lindl ; Gaertn. fr. t. 170; Schkuhr, handb. t. 946; pe.
Solidago, st a & Chrysoma, Nutt.
a >
Sic ie
=
s Nac. Heads in terminal or axill racemes c or clusters, sometimes corym-
.. bose; the pedicels often unilat , Flowers m ar^ mye white in 8.
pes mcd purplish;
unequal pappus slightly thickened at the apex! : heads in glomerate clus-
"veiny ; the lower narrowed into tho T ^
+ Rays none: cia of i diy rd inner bristles of the pappus manifestly.“
7 ge aw Bé € ar ;
a
discoidea: stem some
"vate. coarsel toothed or serrate,
xa p sco ii € iver ; me $ upper oblong or ovate-lanceol ate, acute at each.
i niculate, often
| somew ine petioled ; the _uppermos t entire 5 mh cre inear- opm E Ft
Aene scales of the canescently ew ideus ry st: 2
acute, squarrose one ar rs 10-15.
cordata.—Solidago sphacelata, Raf.! ann. mat. (1820.) p. 44. no. AA
€ s. Hals few-many-flowered ; the ray-flowers few (1-16), or. — Tg
pe» wanting ; those of the disk tubular; di" Scales of the oblong involucre - 5
i4 E
Loi bita Um ays 12-16, or P otii pne qs inner pad sian p SN
kde or racemes disposed in a compound. spike or panicle: leaves ORA
E
what -villoos, branching a above ; ; leaves mostly ~ me
p.358; D Ls eig ; ;
Ák in A the Alabama pore l
eo i S ema oad
ia x: š Lan w
^w
E d
TA
F
196 COMPOSIT E. een
^ Drummond! Sept.-Oct. —Stem 2-4 feet high, stout, ome with ah
»» villous pubescence. Leaves membranaceous, veiny, pale beneath,
more or less pubescent, or se villous, eepecisily on nthe veins, minute-
ly pubescent above ; the lower 2-4 inches long, with margined petioles about
the same length, often 2 ais wide, mostly acute and mucronate ; the up-
per gradually reduced in size, less serrate. Racemes erect, dispos sed in
irgate pani Head n the succeeding species, often some-
what clustered. Scales of the involücre pale below, with — squar
rose herbaceous tips. Achenia narrow, glabrous or nearly so -—
pubescent when young. Pappus copious, $
r. pman,
times turning purplish, unequal; the longer bristles manifestly sire atl
. thickened at the apex In Mr. Elliott’s specimens o ae interesting plant,
e pappus is purplish, but the corolla npe ars to be yellow (not * pale pur-
ple’), as it certainly is in the other specimens we have met with. That of
- Chapman belongs to a large plant, apparently 5 feet high, with an open
panicle, and the he ads s are nearly as large n S. squarrosa: the ac heni nia
cimen of
erb. Hook. e ema: TO ind Vibe labios leaves. In noneo
do we find any trace of ray-flowers. .
»* Rays 12-16 : pappus unequal, a portion of the longer bristles obscurely thickened at
the apex. 3
- S. squarrosa (Muhl.): stem glabrous below, very pubesce T “at the i
* dh pe leaves mors glabrous, elliptical-lanceolate or vi Te wv SCH- "o
brous-ciliate, acute, wed at the base, sessile; the low: t broadly
a -oval, taperi into oa dés ac eee Thea (large) în * shor clus-
in afy c mpoun
ing i
ters or glomerate racemes disposed
etg scales of ne unutely oe involuer erigi
bucie in seve-
ries, wi
16 to 24; achenia 3t abro —Muhl.! p79 (fide s
5. p. 337 : not of Nutt. i pa: acad.
E Ga ifeftiliora, Nutt. 1 in jour. mee ilad. 7. p. 102
iu o 4; notof DC. S. few s. cà Pursh, fl. 2, p. 542?
ank a n
in spike o: a foot or more long; which is composed o
ters (the lower er shorter the upper ore ed Rx reduced leaves or
‘bracts from the axils of which they arise), oi p TACE
„about 2 inches in length. Scales of the. inyolucre oblong , rigid, with lare Pa
ly lace acerate-ciliate margins ; ; the innermost rab
È
in
only the e plant
syi KAA origin: X
New RE and irn 1
E.
E d.
abe
ÜSonmae o COMPOSITA. 197
z ghee with that appellation, is to be found in the Banksian en which
B is Pus sole ARE, jr the peso. w we have not presu o discard the .
; appropriate name . squar especially since Pura’ description,
€ bug chiefly eee | is not sufficient to decide the poin
§ 2. Herbaceous : rays mostly fewer than the disk-flowers, — wanting
heads more or less pedieallatésvariousl y disposed. isa i pila: (Tourn.) DC.
* Heads in axillary clusters or short racemes, and. often racemose at the extremity of the
stem or branches: leaves feather-veined. —Glomerulifloree.
+ Racemes or clusters often macs than the leaves, and racemose or spicate at the
ummit of the stem or branches
3. S. bicolor (Linn.): hairy and often cinereous; stem simple, or som is.
times branched at the summit; leaves oblong or elliptical-lanceolate, acute
at each end; the upper sessile and often entire; the radical and lower cau-
* tc" "n
& i l or spatulate-oblong, serrate, tapering into a petiole; h endet "lodi
rate clusters or short the axils of the upper leaves, and f
T an interrupted spike, or w cate somewhat leafy rac
06; Ho Am. ; Dar . p.
3 “a LAS s. Sia, Mi il. die Virga-Aurea flore albo,
4, f. 8. Aster bicolor, Nees. SYnops. ; Spreng. syst. *
Hof the ray ‘and disk yellow.—S. hirguta, Nutt. ! ! in
l. p. 103, & in trans. Amer. phil. soc
oe a d Borders of Hone Canada ! katchawár! ! and North- .
Ld to Kentucky! an mountains of Georgia. B. Kenmeky, Pe
ladelphia, E Gambell! . Aug.-Sept.—Stem 1-3 feet
very hairy or villous towards the base, commonly simple ; the
mr rather ‘ge heads approxijoaio em and forming an
opi graduall reduc ed in size, Ee Sé es more ses- ^
-henia us or
so w a mature; when yoüng sometimes carly 4 fasian but often
7 end. pubescent.—We in no way distinguish the SS. hirsuta, 4) .from
m. S. a t by th xr of the rays, in which the latter di ers from the _
. rest of the iu d i. 2 oe, hae ver, are E^ pure white in S. bicolor, but cre;
s color; andin some specimens, as in those from S Saskatchaw an menti al
2 : Hader, they appea: cie lig ht yello’ ad
UNS 4, S. lanata villous or woolly throughout; stem branched ios: ;
198 COMPOSITAE. &" SosipAdo:
spikes about 2 licher s long. Leaves siliuhrinicegos s the lowest nearly 4
r inhib long, including the winged geo y uppermost very small. Heads
smaller than in S. Carn p otherwise very similar, about looney
Achenia minutely p bescent brous ae a ien
t t Clusters or glomerate racemes mostly short and axillary.
5. S. pubens (M. A. Curtis! mss.): stem virgate, nearly ied ape
— D A ; leaves (m renun anaceous) oval-lanceo acumi-
nate at each e essile, coarsely and unequally serrate- obo a nea arly me
brous above, ga Désoeni dülecially on the f veins and midrib beneath ; headsi
kp ica ai the lower aep the ved approximate and for
ntracted virgate raceme; involucre as well as the very
py puri a C ani a fà scales linear, rather obtuse, unequal;
rays and disk-flowers e ; enia canesc
ow ach 4-7 ; ac .
Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North C'arotisi: Mr. Curtis! Aug.-
ept.—Stem slender, apparently pts and 2-3 feet high; the e
portion often a foot long, with 7 or 8 of the lower indak clusters mu
shorter than the res: "ihe. po similar but crowded (the subtending. ues
-5 ong
6. S. Buckleyi: stem and lower surface of the oblong (acute at each end)
subsessile leaves villous-pubescent; heads in small (l axillar x clusters
a
much shorter than the leaves; pedunel cles villous; scales of. the involucre
early glabro
X
nearly glabrous, X r acute ; the exterior ovate-lan ceolate, short ; rue in i. ta
most linear; rays , the ‘disk- aie 9-12; o short and broa
pS eae in 1?) damos
ama, Mr. S. B. Buckley! Oct. — tem (simple or vette "n
i eius 2 feet or more in height, almost villous with soft hairs, ee 3
je summit. Leaves a inc ong, an da
ped . hort
cemes or clusters v sens cre shorter than the disk; the outermost scales
bos pubescent. Rays rat bien ig Achenia perfectly de erai apparently
compressed !—The only esiti we possess is somewhat imperfect.
7 S. latifolia (Linn.): stem angled, often. flexuous, glabrous: leaves.
broadly ov. ate or oval, very strongly and sh y serrate- soothed, conspicu-
th ends, or somewhat petioled, mostly hairy on pum
r--Am. 9. p. 5; Darlingt. jl. Cest- p. 460. S. macrophylla,
2.p.305. Vi Aurea Cates a ze
E o a Ue s.
Ec cC
- Ld
Soupaco. * | COMPOSITÆ. 199
Bat. t. 244 (poor). V. montana Peropholscnibli, Pluk. alm. t. 235, f. 3.
* V. latissimo folio Canadensis glabra, Pluk. l. . 4? (Varies, with the
omerate regen. which us ually do not exceed de margined petiole or at-
| enuate base of the leaves, puc. prolonged and exceeding "T leaves,
x et en or Spl os or pov e. S. flexicaulis, var. 2. Michz.
*
C!
iat w banks Pe small streams, Ne and Northern
"States to ‘Kentucky ! and the mountains and upper country of Georgia.
g.-Oct.—Stem usually simple, 1-3 feet high, ven commonly flexuous,
andi by 2 or 3 y decutrent jo from the base of thé leaves, often hairy or
pubescent at the summit. Leaves membranaceous, 3-5 or 6 inches long,
permost
i Ai wide (the upper smaller and the up
much reduced in size), abruptly narrowed (the lowermost sometimes almost
cordate) at the to a wing eti fully as long as "e c
t ase
e of the leaf, closely, unequally, and very sharply serrate-toothe
ost laciniate-toothed, the teeth ro quiae. and spr reading, oñen
ilani the upper sur rface glabrous, or scabrous with short scattered h
Heads middle-sized ; the clusters or Sinne) ipi sessile.—It must be ar
mitted that RA col forms of S. cesia sometimes too closely ap-
. — proach this s, yet we cannot vut voor mina as distinct. The v
dins sBlady petoled leaves, with closely set and spreading teeth, and the
| angular stem, obviously distinguish the S. latifolia; which is one of the most
n. common a es throughout the Northern States
S. ca sia (Linn.): stem terete, simple or branching, seldom flexuous,
E labia, mastly glaucous; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, glabrous,
= serrate, acuminate, sessile; he ads in short axillary clusters, and some Doi e
` iaeei ob ulate at the summit; peduncles paeet ge
“no. ; ed. 2. p.
- Cest. p. 4 ME T prodr. 5. 336. S. flexicaulis, Linn. !
a E 6 excl. ui Smith, l. c. ; not of Ait., . S. fle
7 Michz,! fl. 2. p. 118. S. axillaris , Pursh! fl. 2. p. 542; Beck, bot. j
* 193; DC: prodr. 5. p. 335. S. livida, Willd. enum. p. 890 ;
... globular clusters, or in more or less prolonged racemes at the summit of the
wc or p ; the leaves ye from oblong-lanceolate to elongated linear-
ceolate, &c.
: cef and thidkets, C anada! to Georgia ! and Louisiana! - Aug—
EL 4 Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet high, slender, often _purplish, and of a glaucous hu hue.
: ves m or even 6 inch loi alic e-third or half mme to an inch and a
ept t]
but iilo. irregular ly an
or often coarse and somewhat Spr Ede
$ radical and lowermost ite or oblong a
. Heads nearly as large a in Sc latifolia;
on the i Dillenius. Although th
n the herbarium of Linneus certainly
in i, yet we are ae
r
P p peel gti SET rc
he specific phrase given by Lin-
to S. latifolia. Those eb
s 20. p
=
200 COMPOSITE. E Sonnii
however, who unite the two wee very properly adopt the name of S.
flexicaulis.
9. S. Curtisii: stem tall, -— Mici and simple, dig angled, nearly
is geen vy elongated-lanceo olate, smooth and mostly glabrous, finel
and sharply se above the middle, gradually tapering to the base, sessile,
sharply ME nate; hea dsi in pue and sessile "ae clusters, all mam
times shorter than the lea volucre minutely pubescent; the exterior
coy short (ien. the ot heri linear, rather obtuse; rays and aar os
ach 4-6; ar minutely pubesc
Th ? monticola: leaves sparin ay mie cope the upper EM
longer eed the subsessile glomerate clusters, the uppermost reduced to
bracts ; ma Kd the about 15-flowered orbc narrowly-linear, acute; -
achenia gla
Mountains “of North Carolina (8. Yellow Mountain), Mr. M. A. Curtis!
Xd the involucre narrower, &c.—We have only an imper-
font specimen PE r. B.* which a appears i be a Wm y plant, with shorter.
leaves; the Viii clusters approximate, and near the summit forming a
pen — rrupted spike; the beads rather smallek but the flowers more
10. S. a (Ait): stem somewhat flexuous, ene angled,
branching ; agree oblong-lanceolate, densely serrate, slightly hairy benea ath ;
racemes erect; rays elongated Deae of the involucre lanceolate, acute;
achenia canescently hairy]. Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 217; ; Smith, in Rees,
-; DC. prodr. 5. p. ie ? (The additions to the character derived from
^ Wins in herb. 8.)
ancifolia: le: inen elongated lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate
unculate, somewhat co und or paniculate, numerous, al but E
tha
iis ped mpoun
. the E longer an the leaves, forming an elongated panicle; Tays
rather smal
Do ? described from specimens of unknown origin, cultivated
in 1759 by Miller, and in the Kew Garden. Smith supposes that it may be
a variety of S. latifolia; **from which it differs in its somewhat narrower
leaves, and much greater length-of the pe clusters of flowers, which com-
t anicle." The
gure
belongs to a latifolia; and the plant pat ie Beet S. ambigua in the Berlin
Garden, and some others, is is probably nothing but a state of that species.
But the original plant must be different, as the scales kd is (perhaps 20-
A am involucre are lanceolate or linear-lanceolate and more imbri-
If really of American origin, the plant we eve doubtfally subjoined
| X Tere tt Kad distinct from it it.—The latter was collected on the
a
cites from Plukenet doubtless |".
olina by Mr. M. 2n Curtis. The angular .
o ar
Copa bely DEUS and 3 feet in ec (the
is wanting in
pe aa the flower-bearing foot long, nico e Pe pubescent. The .
ms instead of pica docente Ee NDS narrowed into a short
etiole, as in the original S. a (like a narrow-leaved var. of -
olia), are Péoagusd] lanceolate pas gradually from near the mid-
base, 4 to 5 inch n an inch in widt h, thin , smooth and
se te,
acuminate ape
« ‘erect or solar EE - more or less compound, naked at
: di E "Rud # T s$ 3 a P"
E. ;
se " P £
st. ex "
- a sh "xul.
ka
3 Soupaco. - COMPOSITE. 201
the base (pedunculate) ; in lower about 3 siue in dent but rather shorter
than the subtending leaves; the upper suc ane longer than
the reduced narrowly je ate and near oe : heads usually
à crowded on the branches in ihe raceme, on Bos ons i or nearly sessile.
- Scales of the involucre glabrous or minutely granular, similar to the original
= S. ambigua, or perhaps a little broader. Achenia canescently hairy.—If we
à mistake not, this is by no means an. uncommon species in the mountains of
North Carolina, but we have only seen the living plant before the flowering
oy * * Racemes terminal, erect, not secund, either ee and virgate, or compound and
= paniculate: leaves feitléhdeined, — Virga
ll. S. virgata (Michx.) : aires. A rite, Lair stem virgate, simple, C
very slender; leaves somewhat fles e, with scabrous margins ; the
radical ; low ve cun oblong-spatu i or oblanceolate, often obscurely
those of the aipetated dippe E of the stem mall and bract- ike
heads i he soe numerous, very strict or ot aliove compound ra- .
ceme; scales of the involucre linear-lanccolate, pa abrous; rays 5-7, one
ursh, fl. 2. .
. .bama!. Sept.-Oct.—(June to Oct., Ell.)—Stem 2-4 fe et high, very strict
= and ine, leafy throughout, but the leaves of the upper part of the stem
reduced to mere bracts (one-half to one-fourth of an inch in pe term
y ) i ich is com
. shor approximate racemes, bearing 3-6 heads; the short peduncles and
joue Preicela SPP aes glabrous, furnished with subulate bracts. The
al r often m r-less secund ; and occasionally te inflores-
cence is more > compound a d Bape eA Heads about 16-flow x-
. terior scales of the involucre short and often subulate ; E dn ee inner d acute.
- - Radical Rea od hes long, including the margined petiole, 6-12 lines
d E obscurely | serrulate, or not unfrequently quite Ponti
Pe 9. S. pulverulenta (Nutt.) : ee and softly puberulent; b simple, ~~.
* Vitis: vs leafy ; cauline leaves short, obovate-oblong, obscurely ve veined,
: mostly nitive, often mucronate i eate, attend at the base poets ; the radi-
i cal and lowermost oblong or spatulate, serrate, tapering into a petiole ; heads
. .. Bumerous, crowded on the short peduncles, Sa isposed in a long and strict -
| a j | €ompou raceme; scales of the involuere na rrowly lanceolate, acute, ap-
3s pressed; rays Aboi ace e d ve glabrous. —Nutt.! p rj
i SUE Ell. sk. 9. p odr. 5. p.
me *g. : uncles somewhat ‘elongata and often spreading, forming an ex-
thay. compound r j
rgia and Florid: mag Baldi Alabama, Dr. Gates! North Carolina, - s
caes Cur oe Se en 2-3 feet high, vel strict and simple, C a
; and so
a pud) s 8-16 idiches A M: i whio mi cde s
RA of S. puberula ; m others ually dimin id
xad half to i inch in length, an aod fr from 6 to 3 lines in mex ipe or ob-.
ig; the lower ofi - Heads as large as in S. pubersii, Po aa
florescence; but in some specimens (var. 8.) the
o racemes of considerable le ngth.
202 COMPOSI TÆ. Sourpaco.
3. S. puberula iie ): very minutely sepia stem simple;
* Wie leaves lanceolat ed gie be see: to in base, sessile, mostly entire; ahs
lower oblanceolate and somewhat serra | UN "low rest and radical oblong-
spatulate, serrate towards hë e apex, pet tioled: hi (middle- oni in nume-
rous compact erect-spreading racemes (often compound), formin elonga-
ted or sometimes thyrsiform “panicle ; bsc of. the involucre linear subulate
appressed; rays about 10, yE ; achenia nearly —— — Nutt.
2. p. 162 ; Darling. f Cest. p. 4 59; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 333. S. er
cens, Ell.! sk. 2. p. 381; DC. L c.
Sandy woods &c. m ostly in damp soil, Maine x (Mr. Oakes !) and Mas-
sachusetts! New Jer os &c.to Georgia! Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-4 feet na"
the lower gg ee 23 nes tong and 6-8 lines wide, Ney dimin nis ^
upwards. Rac very numerous, et sho rt an disposed in a long an
dense virgate d raceme, or narrow panicle; or with the lower ra-
cemes elongated, and PM simple or compound, forming a more e expanded -
pani
icle. Heads about 28-flowered: ra olden vellow. AChE, very
minutely pubescent ic is a lens, uS LAS or dee LE so when matu
14. S. confertiflora (DC.): herbaceous, glabrous, viscous; st
leafy to the thvrsus; leaves oval-lanceolate or oblong-lan ceolate, serrate at
the apex, entire below, aded ( pies: ir of the lover oneri into long pe-
s Nery uch crowded in a apicilorin thyrsus;
scales of the involucre liuéuf ien rays fiin and tcn D .! prodr. 5.
P. 339, not of Nutt. S. glutinosa, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser-)
T: p. sn S. compacta, T'urez. in bull. soc. nat. Mosc. 1840, p. 73?
and Mulgrave Sound, ey x DC. Plains of the Oregon and
Wahianet Nuttall !— About 2 feet birh wiara stem, angular
g L4
hw
radical attenuated into long petioles. Upper part of the stem, bracts, and in-
volucrum indued with an orange varnish-like resin, of a strong, aromatic,
uet unpleasant taste. Rays about 8-10 = observe 5-8] : discal florets
- 5or6: pepper of the rays a little — " Nuit.—Not havin — the
are not certain that the S. glut osa, Nu tt. is the s. fertiflora,
DC. ; but we find no essential differen In the former, the EEIN, leaves
are lanceolate-spatulate, 3~4 inches hg sh arply serrate near the apex, with
pons rias at entire base, veiny and AR ir. triplinerved : the cauline
lines wia, maer obscurely reticulate-vei , the lower
more Sates at the base ‘Heads middle-sized, in short Vect racemes
agi e aggregated in a i ean panicle. eie scales of the involu-
E: inner-
is orae or roundish, very short; the middle ones ovate-oblong, the
CeT SA ong. Rays small. Achenia minutely pubesc
S. spiciformis: glabrous or nearly so; stem ascending, simple (som
what what glutinous Di leaves obovate-sp oen finely serrate, tapering 1 into a
j th
er into long margined stole’: reticulate- .
^i la scales of the
veine; “rai piant; — ina dendé spike or mem rsus ;
s adi Let essed, "potolaži ( ae TOUS ; os he ey
aot ESI
We
SoripAco. COMPOSITE. 203
manifestly reticulate-veined beneath. Heads middle-sized or rather large,
crowded on the short erect racemes, and disposed in a dense spike or Mage
3-5 inches in length, about 25- flowered. Rays short and inconspicuou
16. S. Californica (Nutt.): villous and cinereous : leaves nearly all equal
and somewhat crowded, oblo Obg- -lanceolate, acute at each end, near the apex
i
achenia pubescent. Nutt.! in pe rg. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 238. S,
retenu Less. in Linnea, 6. |
8. di cinereous-pubesce ent: artes oblong, mostly obtuse, attenuate n
the baal iny; heads somewhat secund ? war petiolaris, Hook. & Arn
bot. Beechey; p. 145, parv. S. puberula, Cham. & Schlecht. l. c. ?
St. Barbara, California, Nuttall. 8. sean LR California, — Beech-
igh. D abou
*
ey !1—“ Two or 3 feet high. Discal flov well as the "e
vet: to e fino» TN nana]; but. abs: villous id bon jenva
m-leaves are also nearly as large as the nd ones, about an inch or an
Í pes aa a i half long, by ps ae half an agh wide." Nutt.—In the only
i specimen of var. f, r part of the stem is wanting: the leaves are
much like those of S. pelear the lower cen inches Jer considerably at-
: ' tenuate at the base, the upper successively smaller, some of them obequi
4 . serrate towards the apex. The heads are not much larger than in S. nemo-
lis, 14-16-flo werd m a ; the rays small, about 7. Scales & he invo-
hil
panicle Or ise nd raceme appears to have b ps on a rved and
e
17. S. petri (Ait.): stem simple and aee da — epe non n
leafy, covered with a close pubescence, nearly t t the mit ;
leaves d or elliptical, mucronulate, veiny, — Wink n scabrous shown and
puberulent-tomentose beneath (at least the midrib and veins), s scabrous-cilio-
late; the upper — — ed i an slightly peioled ; the lower often
serrate, narrowed a : heads (rather epica: in a single virgate ra-
.. eeme or d i paene racemes ; scales of the pube dam, involucre lan-
ceolate ; the exterior loo reading, oik: herbaceous; rays about
Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. :
P. 389, not of Pursh. js * Eus
B. squarrulosa : ‘exterior scales of the involucre inear or subulate, more
ierb us, SEC MERO Nutt.! in jour. acad. ee
7. È 102; not ne Nutt. b Or , nor of Muhl., dc
$.
P i ishin in A a f K AN
© but very slightly petioled, usually serrate with "the
F , slightly pet id, it ix Bas but. iu sessile.
s» c upper E rounded a at the ae slightly peti or ease or often sev eral
. on
sor : ender‘b :
5 ng, EE T “ae yellow iat scales ofsbe ear with somewhat
M crecnish tips, appressed ; D» exterior D" and loose , gradually passing
into the subnlate bracts of of the podes i ar. B. these Ass are Pues
E. a
pe e.
€ à ü At
* ts
2 ve
SEM CC aee
—
-
204 COMPOSITE. © SOLIDAGO.
umerous, and the attenuated and longer exterior involucral scales exactly
peris them, giving the involucre a squarrose appearance. The extreme
forms would see different species lh h no other dif-
ce is observable) ; but a full suite of speci eat eve ada-
tion uim D. — oe could less deserve gie name of S. petiolaris
na : ves m 8
period, x. are so a. tly T that we believe no author has identified the
plant by the character; but, as this is certainly the plant described in the
ie | ju aA as well as by Smith, we do not feel at liberty to reject it.
—For his S. erecta, Pursh cites Herb mss.; but there are no speci-
mens with this name in the Banksian herba he not ro d
the present species in view, to «cni his short character is not inapplicable.
si
—The S. petiolaris of the Berlin Garden, 1839 and of Link. enum. ?) is
S. Virga-Aurea. The S. petiolaris, Thuillier, of the Paris Piss some other
gardens, is S. Narbonensis, Pourr. (Vide S. elata
. S. angusta : stem strict and simple, leafy, slightly inn s leaves
edis mucronate- -o tapering to the base, sessile, sparsely v veined,
with a noie ent midrib, glabrous, with ciliate-scabrous margins; the lower-
most obsc — serrate cue the apex; the others entire; heads (rather
racted raceme; scales of the almost glabrous involucre lanceo-
late; the pint subulate,. loose, or at length squ shite tet in ing, some-
what rbaceous ; rays about 10, elongated; achenia glabrou
AMA dria, ie: cue Louisiana, Dr. Hale! A iis? ‘near the H
Springs, Dr. Engelmann! | Sept.—Stem 3-4 feet high, vig very leafy
i glabrous bbw: Éeobrbus-paberident, towards the summit. Leaves
bright green above, pale beneath, oblanceolate, ciliate with hona and close
bes odi hairs; the midrib and the few veins rather prominent on the lower
surface ; the lowe er 3 inches or more in length, and nearly three-fourths
IN
A
-—
i
È
—
p
5
EB
IS are disposed in a narrow somewh wded raceme 4-6 inches long,
lowered. Involucre and varie apparently slight: — Rays
Bache p €—— Ac henia and ovaries perfectly glabro
oa simples 1 is lanceolate acute ; d radical and loser cauline qe
ngly appressed-serrate, ring into winged somewhat sheathing petioles;
e upper sessile, entire; ‘racemes s simple or eens nd), appressed, nume-
os forming a teanaed e panicle, which is. usually
leafy towards the base ; eade ye imt gio. flowered ; scales of the
ee ree lin Foa obtuse; rays 5-6, small; achenia gla-
. p. 216; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2062; Pursh, rs
Ms 2. p. 5 p K sd "habia haha rds. . appx . Frankl. bes ed. 9. p. 33
de id
TP
D pan o of
le ye smooth to the summit, even
_ nearly so
of a firm 3
*
Pad
. Sommaco. ~+ COMPOSIT X. 205
popular name applied in Hortus Kewensis, *« Willow-leaved Golden Rod,"
is xe the panicle narrow and perfectly strict (6 to 18 inches long,
nly 1-2 wide), entirely in fruit by the middle of September; the achenia
P Me Sisbroul, or MS presen cin i few amar s f PAM hairs, under a
ns.—AÀ near approach to this species is sometimes observed in narrow-
leaved states of S. neglecta, with shot jacéiner à iet akas if at -
spreading or secund.
E
20. S. speciosa (Nutt.) : stem simpe; stout, glabrous; the summit, with
the peduncles and pedicels hirsute-pubescent ; ini es bee. , smooth and
gas with densely scabrous- éiliolate margins; the lower oval or ovate,
wed into a margined diee mesi Serie the ippo r lanceolate or
ditis linde , entire erect, forming a pyramidal or
thyrsiform ev opie) pct : Bend yes large) on short pediótls,
coto crowded E d scales of the dre nearly msc
involucre oblong, o rays about 5, large; achenia very glabro
bite nn. 2» pd (excl. syn. Pers.) ; pp n Jl. Cest. p.
S. veu cg Micha. ! p as "y of Lin S. petiolaris, Mut ;
cat. p. 79; Bart. fl. Phil. 2. p. 121; of Aste:
8. angus fata smaller, less pubescen bees the summit; racemes short and
` glomerate, forming a narrow and dense, bar ng cece ges ewhat compound
+ pae EA aki Ell. ! te 2. p. 385; DC. prodr. 5. p. 340
uscula: heads smaller ; panicle s strict; peduncles and summit of
the wes kis pube escent; ppa nearly all entire and smaller, lanceolate or
oblong, more rigid.
Borders ‘of woods &c. yt Michauz) Massachusetts ! and Hep te
New
Kentucky ! and Florida! $. Jersey! North Carolina! Sout
ei saa ucky ! y. St. Louis, Missou exas, ! Dr.
! sep ie Dr. Lear p Prairies between the Missis-
sipph i and Misso ri Rivers, Mr. Nicolle Aug.-Oct.—Stern 2% to 5 or even
6 fout high, stt cien, 'glabrou us ed pe purple; the summi the
mit a
raschen, of pe is ig emi pubescent, in a greater or less degree, with short
and close join airs, not unfrequently almost hirsute. Radical leaves
inches or i in length, and 2-4 age sharply serrate, petioled ; the
b ach
slightly acuminate, narrowed into a hat margined petiole, hee very
oe except the margins, with a rather strong midrib ; the ary veins
u
gt
dense or spicate racemes, from 1 to 5 inches in length. Heads
M eroded 12-16-(rarely 18- -) ) Hower v ae eue number of flowers ay
but some s t varia of the involucre 1-nerved,
> % ne E ru. greenis its, eri or Sea so, ap arge; the.
the innermost
ish s
* Facer d ete shore very obtuse; the inn cee cies,
times ac Rays conspicuous, € E el s
varying iarr erig in the size of the l
b arge an
RS is a reduced state, growing in poda ; its contra
Ofien simulating S. bicolor, for which indeed it E sometii
^ Ys which p ly grows in more arid situations, has smaller he
did ves; UM NE. often denas ly veined and more rigid.
softly ci -pu
che Mrs the branches ne very
+
lower cauline a mple, 4-6 inches long, 1-2, or often 3 inches wide, acute or»
ef
$
Goer
Pol
206 ^ COMPOSITAE. " E... asd
gined petioles; the uppermost cues Or lanceolate, sessile, mosily entire ;
racemes loose, paniculate, or rarely somewhat corymbose, sometimes slightly
recurved; scales of a nearly Samus involucre linear-lanceolate ; “rays
10-12, large; acheni ubescen
dy pine woods, Fir, vu een and Lenoir County, North Ca-
rolina, Mr. M. A. Curtis! (Florida, Her » Rafinesque!) May-June.—
Stem ‘abot 2 feet high, oa ost t villous when young. Radical and lowest.
c me
mira fisked aliesa the summits of which are sometim a titele spread
ing or recurved. Pedicelsslender. Rays linear-oblong, pide yello
22. S. Terre-Nove: oy erect, smooth, panigula gooey ae and some-
what pubescent at the summit; leaves glabrous; the cauline pen eolate,
pai to the base, Ded entire ; de lowest E radical spatulate-oblong
= oa ei iri petiole, somewhat ate; raceme Mery ^ p
short, loose, forming a large expanding aS Giy fastigiate sas AE pan
cle ; heads (s small] about 12-flowered ; ems c Mid involucre PW e
small ;
n bogs, Newfoundland, Pylaie ! Miss Br dua. (in herb. Hook.)—Plant
1-2 feet high. Leaves repre minutely veiny i the lowest bout 3 inches
p
ire. Panicle open, 4-5 inches oed at the summit; the paniculate irregu-
lar racemes more or less spreading, but not secund. Heads as large as in
S. stricta; the scales of the involucre membranaceous and much narrower.
—The specimen from Miss Brenton a nds of the panicle, with only the
gemi of the stem, the former so much expanded that it was referred by
to S. serotina : but it appears rather to belong to the present division.
n hwmilis (Herb. Banks): glabrous; stem simple, erect; radical
E iin oblanceolate or spatia, obtuse, crenate-serrate at the apex, tapering
a petiol
e; the cauline lane e, acute, narrowed at t ase; the up-
ve
Obtuse; rays 6-8, short; achenia minutely der nm urs ES
543; Richards! appr. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p.33; Hook.! fl. "Bor-A
5; notof Desf. & DC. S. confertiflora, Fisch. gale animi pets m
ind. sem. S hi gos. enm ex ann. sci. vus in ser.) 16
B. stem ; heads more numerous, in short aei clusters Eoi
in a nies cae: ideeeraptbd, virgate spike or compoun
stricta, Hook. ! l. c., partly.
Fort Albany, Hodson s Bay, and Newfoundland, Herb. Banks! Woody
country between lat. tet and 64°, Richardson! Limestone RS on the
| ver Sec. Verm ont, Dr. Robbins! 8. Carlton House
n Aug
.-Sept.—Stem
labsou s; bút more « or ln. glutinous, as also the leaves
[pri the raceme comm and slender, or more or less compounes
ss -the mi th
s of a firm te: ly toothed a m
cauline Š about 2 aces sag vt Dp wide, serru rrulate above; the upper nar-
: rower entire.— Differs Ad eet! in its more rigid foliage,
read
e ah sho eraler ot do is 9lpere sete T ec nodi obtuse,
pearing somewhat glutinous. ~~
A ie Aan id stem erect, terete CR ae et lane cec
*
T =
Sonipaco. $ COMPOSITE. | 207
erect, simple or compound; scales of the involucre sese: [or EE
acute ; rays about 8, elongated ; achenia minutely pubescent. .DC.— Linn
spec. 2. p. 880; Engl. bot. t. 301; Fl.Dan. t. 663 ; Hook. m Bor. rs 2.
5; DC.! rodr.
5
8. alpina (Bigel. ! I. c.) : stem 3-8 inches high, simple, glabrous or pubes-
cent, bearing ie ias 8) heads; scales of the — gone MY gla-
brous; rays s ; leaves oblabóe olate, oblong-obovate, or spat
y- uliadita ; stem villous-pubescent, si dese or emp esed at
the summit ; heads (large) in a dense thyrsoid or corymbose raceme; scales
of the involucre narrow, nearly glabrous ; rays 8-12; leaves ciliate, oblong-
lanceolate (neo or peo TUER to the base.—S. mu ir ssec E d
Kew. l.c. p. 9218; Pursh! fl. 2. p. 5427 Hook.! fl. Bor Am. 2. p.5 dne
à sh, l.c. gt s
, Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. i, ser.) 7. p. 328, not of Ell. Wa.
ries, with the rays fewer and emalin S. Virga-Aurea, Hook. & Arn. !
bot. Beechey, p. 126. S. Virga-Aurea var. Arctica, DC. !
Arctic America! and Labrador ! i the ocky. Mountains ! (in about lat.
» $4?) Unalaschka! Sledge Island! and Kotzebue's Sound! = & Pre y)
- On the bare summits of the White Mountains of New — :
Mount Marcy, Essex County, New York! Shore of m Supe rr
Pitcher! Dr. Houghton! | Aug.-Sept.—A very variable species, "which i
this country is confined to the Northern regions, and the higher mo ihi
e the Northern States. Nearly all the war specimens belong ae
to var. B., which very oaa approaches the var. Cambrica of Eur
the var. y, which p insensibly into Je forms of this species, "
which it should bd. e united.
- S. thyrsoidea (E. Meyer) : stem erect or som what flexuous, simple,
vey ‘glabrous, the summit and peduncles villous- pubescent ; leaves glabrous, —
ovate, irregularly and sharply serrate, acute or acuminate, veiny, all exce z ;
the enis paing abruptly narrowed into very long petioles ; n
oblong- e, subsessile, often pubescent beneath ; raceme oblon
ple or iig hel dr uipapd : heads large; the peduncles recie sheh; ;
scales of ihe involucre et equal, an neeolate , acum ninate, membranaceous,
s 8-10; a
summit).—E. Meyer, pl. Labrad. p. 63; DC. prod 7. (mant.) p. 279.
.S. leiocarpa; DC.! prodr. 5. p.339. S. rmultiradiata, Nutt. ! in trans.
mer. ope soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 328, not of Ait.! S. Virgaurea, a. Bigel. fl.
-
Bost.
Labrador, Herzberg (E; Meyer), poen AE m in bot - Schweinitz,
herb. Collins, &c.) Lower Canada, Michaur:
of the Wine Mountains s of New w Hampshire, De: Boott! M. "Oakes 2
UE e lea inc upp
mina about half that length, and an inch or more in breadth) ; for its larger
heads, wh ch ae e are only ex sebda by the following; and the glabrous — —
achenia, ipid which, however, a Tittle hairiness is observable near the sum- —
it. The raceme commonly consists of 6 to 12 heads, on short and simple
bractless peda neles from the axils of the upper leaves, &c., rather crowded :
but one imen from Labrador presents a large raceme more than 6 inches
long, with nearly all the peduncles somewhat e elongated and bearing 2 to 4
heads; the pedicels often longer danke heads, and furnished with a linear-
. subulate. e, scarious, deciduous sad pests Rays s rather puc qe |
x. well described by Meyer. s
(O85. S. glomerata Michx.): stem low, very simple; bee T `
E ? a as : : asd
A
208 > COMPOSITÆ. s —
ple, lanceolate, serrate ; raceme mi ue of axillary clusters, the uppermost
capitate, crowded ; involucre turgid, many-flowered. Michx. fl. 2. p. 117.
Mountains of Carolina, Michaur.—With much oe we join to this
species a remarkable heed icas we had cdi S. D collected in
flower on the Roan Mou Mr. Curtis, sue is also abundant
pies "ah m of ‘he Grandfather N. Carolina (ray in Sill. journ. 42.
5): ring in August. It is one to 2 feet high, with a stout striate-
p.3
angular rous des with large, TET lanceolate or obovate -lanceolate,
glabrous leaves, 4-9 inches long, the lower 2-3 , ciliate especially to-
wards the tapering entire base, serrate bove with pall sharp teeth, acumi-
nate, veiny, of a firm but rather thin texture; the radical tape ring i !
winged petiole. Ho» la ager — those of S. rigida, 3-7 together in |
racemes or clusters in the a the upper leaves, ‘at first glomerate, but
compo it. Scales
imbricated in 3 o 1-nerved, acutish; the exterior oblong-ovate, the
innermost alg ir nea ily glabro ous. ee 30-40 in each givin
the rays 10-12, ig in proportion. Achenia pubescent towards the su
mit, weeny glabrous below.—We know not what pan Nuttall had in it
as the S. glomerata, ; of which he remarks (Gen. 2. p. 1 te. ae Lower leaves
a a p acuminate, pilis dh nearly a allied to Aste Nor have w
been able to ascert cies mentioned vy Schweinitz (in Ell. sk. 9.
p- 387,) as *' distinguished a its deep and close serratures, and the capitate
form of the axillary racemes” : the latter, bier, | is probably S. latifolia.
Po
£ o C:
* * * Heads in a compoun t inating the simple stem, showy : r md
veined or 3-nerved. emiten é
t Scales of the involucre acute : achenia pubescent: leaves veiny.'
97. S. spithamea (M. A. Curtis! mss.): stem villous-pubescent, leafy ;
leaves oval or oblo ci Ta bd gu. nearly deque sharply serrate
above the middle, or the upperm the lowest and radical spatulate-
oblong, tapering into winged petioles “heals (middle-sized) disposed in a
compound glometate corymb; peduncles and gen villous ; scales of the
involucre somewhat equal, Taolat, ci Pay rays 6 or 7, short ; achenia
ap. 5
—— ry i «
Rocky places on the bald summit of the "bun Mountain, North Carolina
(at an ce TN of 6000 feet) ; where it was discovered, in 1835, by Mr.
OW! presse
L-nerved, Heby carinate, with scarious i Rinwtely pend ci mať-
or inato; the outer broadl y, the inner narrowly lanceolate.
y exserted.
cae obtuse: achenia glabrous : ge mostly feather-
several
* EM
veined from a a strong midrib:
=
ue
*
SoLIDAGO. = COMPOSIT E. x- 209
about 34-flowered, crowded.—Linn. spec. 1. PD 880; Ait.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3.
p. 916; Mich.! fl. 2. p. 118; Pursh! fl. 2 . p. 543; Eil.! sk. 9. p. 390;
Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 5; DC. prodr. 5. p. 337. S. grandiflora, Raf.
in med. iur (hex. 2) 5. p: 359. Virga-Aurea Novæ- -Angliæ, Herm. parad.
t. 243. (poo
Dry soil, poe Connecticut! New York! and Pennsylvania! to North
Carolina ! &c. along the eges ak zr from Saskatchawan, Michigan !
and Missouri! to Arkansas! and Tex Aug.-Oct.—Stem 3-4 feet high,
stout and rigid, clothed with, a ith. pubescence Leaves thick, clothed
With a minute and so pe Aral oy ry pubescence, scabrous, or often rather
ft or _velvety beneath, r less serrate with fine mostly appressed or
] lat crenate pag die dicil ones 4 to 9 inches Jong, on petioles
the same length; the upper cauline reduced to 1-2 inches in length,
q h
about t
broadly oval or r ovate-oblong. Heads among the largest and most showy of
the genus. . Scales of the involucre oblong, very obtuse, slightly striate,
pubescent o or almost on us. Rays large, oblong, 7-10. Achenia
very glabfou
29. S: — (Ell): stem stout, V bie the corymbose branches
and short r acemes hirsute-pubescent ; S (cauline) ber eique
closely sessile, rigid, glabrous, with wer g ciliate and very scabro
gins, mostly serate; heads (large) in short and Woo SEERA E
about 30-flowered.— Ell. ! 2.9. 37
In » middle districts of Georgi Elliott ! / Sept.-Oct.—** Stem 4-6 feet
high, robust Sir virgately erect, branching.near the summit, the young
iis hirsute.” Ell. Radical leaves gakuen wn; the lower cauline 4-6
nches long, ead an inch wide, coriaceous, the m argin rough with close fine
a e
length, rather crowded, somewhat acute; the younger more apes and the
lower surface sometimes furnished iege scattered hairs... Heads smaller than
in S. rigida, but about twice the size of those of the following goes, on ra-
ther slender angela pedicels, dinine ed in loose short racemes terminating
the c branches, those of the lower or exterior racemes pire and
recarvedipreading. Involucre minutely pul similar to that of S. rigi-
da. Rays about 10, rather large. Achenia per erfectly ree Rapt
long as the corolla of the disk... Doubtless distinct from the preceding, if dn
stem is constantly smooth. What is = b decur Poir. suppl., of unknown
origin, with rough etenateiboted lea
30. S. Ohioensis ONDE 1): very smooth and glabrous; stem strict, fasti-
giate-corymbose a summit; radic aj and lowest cauline leanes lanceolate-
oblong, obtuse, with gy late-scabrous finely serra ards
apex, tapering into slender petioles; the prius cblong-lanceolate, closely ses-
sile, mostly entire; heads (rather small) numerous, in a compound corymb,
pe hoot glabrous pedicels, 1em de pappu us = aa than the corolla
k.— Riddell ! 8. estern
"Wet grassy prairies of Obio, Mr. Van Cleve! i , Riddell! "End of Indi,
ana, Mr. Lea! Also in various parts of Western New LE Dr. some
Knie: . Cli A
ls. L
ical 5-8 5-9 inches long, an inch or an inch an
libe; B mite um
with petioles often about th length ; the cauline —À ely sided
in size (the uppermost about an inch long), rather crow wde T us A Scales of
the narrow in 8-10, oblong Rays 6-7, s P.
E a VOL. 11.—27 :
ad
*
210 3 | COMPOSITE. Sonmpaco. ——
ex S. Riddellii (Frank): stem stout, glabrous, corymbose at the summit,
g^ the branches an — pigri e leaves lanceolate, elonga-
acute, e glabrous, with scabro argins, obscurely nerved ; the
radical on rs MA patna tha ca Molina: partly c clasping or sheathing
ane -conduplicate, mostly arcuate ; heads (middle-sized) yey n umerou
ustered, forming a compound fa Mur. corym -94-flowered.— Fra
i Riddell, synops. l.c. S. Mexicana £. Sosbus. lee toc ih boli Hook. | 4
compan e in p. 97.
Wet and grassy prairies, Ohio, .Dr. Riddell ! bd Van Cleve! Dr. Pad-
dock! Mr. € St. Louis, Missouri, Drummond! Dr. Engelmann!
and on St. Peter's River, Mr. Nicollet! Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! | Sept.-
Oct.— Stem oin 2 feet high, very leafy to the summit. Leaves with a ra-
ther strong midrib, and 1 to 3 more or less distinct parallel nerves, form
numerous reticulations with the minute and close veinlets, thin but cue
i dic * T
petioles, into which the limb (6-9 lines wide in the middle) is gradually at-
tenuated, often falcate; the cauline 4-8 inches oig: about half an inch
wide, iba apoie and pani sheathing at the base, ee rarcuntespred è
ing or recurved. eads dep larger than in the preceding, muc
on the ei of the large c nd corymb, usu aly on short prie
eec gree ug the involucr cerit iuri nerved, nearly gla-
brous. s 7-9, small and n Achen a glabrous, or slightly an
sparsel sec iio fessos a lens. Sed ‘beautiful and very distinct species, al-
lied to the preceding.
t t t Scales of the involucre obtuse: achenia glabrous: leaves nerved: rays 2-3.
„> 99. S. nitida: stem strict, very smooth below, fatigiato- coy Tai at the
summit ; the bran ches and pedicels ipo -pubescent ; leaves rigid, very
smooth and shining, nerved, lanceolate or linear, i ge acute, the margins
iliolate- seated towards the apex ; the radical and lowest cauline tapering
into short petioles; the duci sessile; heads (middle-sized) in loose fastigiate
mbs, about 14-flo
Dry pin pine woods Se. Nus ern Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Hale!
and E. ee Aug.—Oct.—Stem 9-3 feet
high, slender or aed stout, simple, terminated by a single fastigiate
corymb, or somewhat branched near the sum vus the’ branches rigid, erect,
fastigiate, clothed with a short rough mine Leaves varying a line-
smoot
X
shining (the margins also smooth tow; side the eni rarely with one or two
obscure serratures near the apex, eerie h 1 to 3 nerves or parallel
perfectly glabrous.—The leaves vary in width i ss oat epicingepi fro.
2-3 lines to DE. of a — The plant fa ee quantities í of
>
SoripaAco. 3 COMPOSITE. 21]
ed ager ituations, on shelving rocks towards the western — of the
ky Mountain eee - R — Plant about a span high, ir
clusters from the sam s (persistent?) with Nain scabrous
igi slightly ane oe ae dbi. Scales of the involucre with sca-
us margins, obscurely mucronate.
* * + * Natives of brackish swamps: racemes erect or spreading, paniculale: leaves
thickish or fleshy, very smooth and entire, obscurely veiny, often somewhat triplinerved.
— Maritime.
- S. Mexicana (Linn es stem oblique, glabrous; leaves lanceolate,
Fei fleshy, very entire, yen throughout; racemes ues erect ;
peduncles —— recap rays elongated, Ait.— Linn. ! hort. Cliff.
Pc & spec. 2. p. f t 7 Kew. tg. 1) 3. p. € sel, syn. Tourn.
; nov.
c.
re p. 104. S. limonifolia, Pu s syn. 2 (P 449, at ledet à as $ to the cheligctór.
Described from specimens pce eg into European n gardens € iiis
two hundred years ago, at first of répute - ican origin; but ards
® supposed to a a native of this country and not of Mexico; whence Pa ersoon
changed the and succeeding bot tide have partially confounded >
with the following species. De was — probably pria usd from Mexi
or the ies; since we have seen no native specimens of the United
States RH Mit un ith the Tanasi plant, while the s jeres of Humboldt
doe
: it is moreover given as a West Wie un Ten ot Swartz, who, by
m to n
t a his plant MES distinct from the more hern ae. and in the Hortus
me A of Sir Hans Sloane.— s are in e pani-
cles, crowded at the summit of the MER an di in the ax f the obus upper
leaves; the gei E the pedicels with numerous subulate bracts,
e
tioned by Nutta Il (trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 328), as a native of
the a iyi coast, near n Barbara, should be found to belong to this
specie
35. S. sempervirens (Linn. ): : stem erect, glabrous; leaves fleshy, lanceo-
late, entire, acute, sessile, slightly Semis obscurely triplinerved ; the radi-
cal lanceolate-oblong, on elongated petioles ; racemes pede (simple or
compound), more or less secund and spreading; peduncles usd
nearly glabrous.— Linn. / spec. 9. p. 878; Pursh, fl. 2. p. ; Ell. ! ! sk.
Spx prodr. 5. p. 335. S. Mill.
dict. Virga-Aurea = Solidago procerior, &c. Pluk, alm. t. 935, f. 5?
e Dor prés and fleshy ; ype me short, in a contracted panicle, more
eund o rned to one side. S M -Aurea limoniifolio, &c. "Tourn.
04 2. Pluk. alm. t. M Z 2? Solidago levigata, Ait. ^ Kew. ted.
p 215; Pursh, fl. 2. p ; DC. lee. S. limonifolia, Pers
of authors.
Y. leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to each end, v - acute, uidi;
oce erect, in a pyramidal rather strict beach: oes
ERG
|. ‘leaves scarcely, or not at all as elongated lanc late, tapering
each end, very acura racemes short, mostl ns secund, in a close ue some-
what decurved panicle.—S. viminea, Ait.! Kew. l. c. p. 215. S. integer-
t., ex Ait. ;
or brackish marshes along the coast of the United ieri to Mas-
s! and Canada. Sept.-Oct pie. remis feet high. Margin.
T I
S19 : ; . COMPOSITE. i SoriDAGO.
of the leaves sometimes scabrous. Heads — e 10. Achenia,
- all the — of this section, somewhat pubesc —We have TE
mbin r more species; but the form of the pe i&c. is vari-
able, em i xd eph of iR beo probaby varies with the iiia e the
marsh; becoming almost membranaceous, as in var. ô., when the water is
enn fre fresh.
a5. S8. i deseri E): Nery. Bou: stem erect, strict, simple, or
^ someti imes bra ; leaves thick, short, erect, lanceolate-
linear, sessile, mm acu ale. ume the lower la Mer s attenuate at
e base; racemes short, erect or at le ength somewhat recurved, sometimes
secund, disposed * a close and virgate — panis peduncles and PHA els
slender; heads small.—Ell.! sk. 9. p. 388; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 341
In brackish swamps, Carolina! to F lorida ! Texas, Drummon d! ` Sept.
with somewha i the habit of S. virgata. Stem 2-4 feet high,
imple and virgate, or producing Monder , branches near the summit, an
ios here ted by a p crowded icle; the very numerous hea ads
smaller, and the scales of pde involucre narrow - than in the preceding spe-
cies. Upper leaves Sauce inch long, often subulate ; the lower more vocas
tered, less pointed, s Uere d broadly lanceolate. —The leaves in the Tex
specimens are more vend essed.
37. S. integrifolia (Desf.): stem erect, simple, somewhat pubesc scent;
leaves lanceolate, sessile, acuminate, slightly and obsoletely viplinerved, :
glabrous, entire, the lowest [rather obtuse] sparsely d nticulate ; raceme
axillary, erect, somewhat panicled om g an 1 elongated rather large pani-
o pedicels pubescent ; ite: of th ite ; rays elongated. DC.
& Des esf. ! cat. hort. Par. ed. 1804, Y 103, ee ed. 3. p. 402” ; Pers. syn- 2.
. 449; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 340. (excl. s syn. S. speciosa, go S. elata,
Pursh, F 2. i 543, partly (spec. cult. Soland. ! dn herb. Banks.) ; imd
das * North - America.” — We nar ve ny seen cultivated specimens, € origin Á
the dd petente cles, &c. are pubes- ——
of which The t of
‘cent; _the fiche: ecd dd ihe ebenin pubescen
* * * * * Racemes spreading or recurved (scorpioid), secund : leaves veiny. (sometimes
indistinctly triplinerved), usually lly serrate. —Secundiflore.
t Hiesa usually ample, serrate, e, loosely ye gres one of the pde on each
ehtly tri pli-
iki
merved: heads middle-sized. — Tm : 11
. 88. S. elliptica (Ait.): stem et LE ce elliptical, smooth, se
rate; racemes paniculate, secund ; middle-sized, [peduncles a and edis’
ne minutely pubescen nt; scales of the Ies en —— acute ;
5.
pubescent]. Ait.! Kew. (ed. 214; not of Ell., nor ap
- tà Mill. dict., ex .Ait. - d. dia, Scopoli, f: insubs 25 in
verhis America, Hort. Kms Canada, ae decies in which the subjoined:
particu are iven.— —“ ma stiff, round, vith a white bark, up-
3 feet. Leaves spear-sha
Se
NN 97. :
* Swamps, rios ps and moist woods, Can ada, Massachusetts! New Yo York |
Soumpaco. “$ COMPOSITE. 213
losely sessile and mostly entire: the short and dense racemes ogy a
erowded and leafy pyramidal panicle. Heads middle-sized. Rays 10-12.
39. neglecta : stem stout, smooth; leaves thickish, smooth and gla-
brous ; the radical and lowest cauline oblong or ovate-lanceo M appressed-
- serrate, petioled ; the others elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, n ostly acute at
each end, sessile tim cpg pie pet ‘finely prelimi: Lor ; the
upper entire; race short, dense, secund, what spreading, disposed in
an elongated or pyra usen somewhat leafy h. sailéad ; peduncles and pedicels
nearly glabrous; scales of the 8-12-flowered involucre oblong, obtuse; rays
rather large ; achenia een glab rous.
In swamps, bere qe and New York! to North Carolina! and In-
—This
diana! Aug.-Se not uncommon Solidago has doubtless been no-
ticed; but a M refer it, with reasonable probability, to any. genie d
species. It is cs gage from S. arguta its elongated p with
Short racemes, whi ch are at first erect (the lower often shorter ja od leaves
which subtend vicit pit y ih er heads with muc er flowers, &c. :
Muhlenbergii by the more entire and rigid, seldom aid beds
'* more strict and terete stem, fewonilieweced heads, &c.: from S. e ca by
the broad and obtuse scales of the involucre (which are M at
ceolate or nattowly oblong, finely cr nate-serrate, often eg se, tapering into
kaader = les; which are fre neatly succeeded by la larger acuminate radi-
bgt
og sh oceur: as l, wi ith coriaceous Ives: eep green above, tie gr aed
Scarcely scabrous ; the panicle either small and st ot a large and loose
with many of the lo we racemes often shorter than the ives (Can this be be
. S. verrucosa, Schra or sometimes compou ind. from the stem producing
bra nches : t the ding mit (this is possibly the S. dubia, Sco,
80! s e
leaves slightly scabrous. Sometimes the r pen are erect, at least until
old,
| non aee minutely pubescent.—JMuhl.! in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2059 ;
; Darlin ingt." fi 17; 457. S. "p
: me) Peed fl. 2. p. 53
Sched. i in DC. prodr. 5
ii strietula : : stem simple « or is so; hoge acd pera es, at first
! scarcely secund, constituting a virgate compoun apes upper
e 3 small.—S E inh. Ell. sk. 2. p. 389. S. scabra, Hook. ! ! compan.
. mag. 1
and Wisconsin cat ommo:
Carolina atte Flonda! and Louisiana! Au qr ane is sp
ished by the sh peeks roughness of the
d ines on ale s, and their livid or leaden |
is l rface is perfectl
te zi i specimene by Dr. Dar he m ; dg i "e naccountably ained by Willde-
. ntion 1 his mss. Flora Lancastriensis) ;
, (herb. Banks.,
Bor.-Am. 2. p. 3. S. angulata, -
214 -COMPOSITJE. SoriDAGo.
in short racemes on the spreading branches. Mee nn the stem is simple,
with the short and crowded racemes at first erect, and scarcely secund when
old. = he leaves are rather finely tese Be na veined, the veins conspi-
cuous on the lower surface; the radical often 6 inches long à nd 3-4 broad,
edy dete were into aw vinzed satis, i pet ve er cauline C MG similar,
narrowed at the base, or contracted into inged petiole ; the upper
meo estne smaller n. more closely seio, Pieco Rebiong, acute or
metimes obtuse. ut in deep shade, the leaves become more
Finca BERpábecus and Teas" close ;
41. "a arguta (Ait.) : smooth and carm epson except the minute-
ly ciliate margins of the leaves; ste radical and lower cauline
leaves cg elliptical n lanceolate-oval, ny (ober serrate, with spread-
ing teeth, acuminate, tapering into winged and a jee oy the others
lanceolate or oblong, somewhat tiplinarved, taperi each end, sessile,
serrate, the uppermost — racemes dense, at ade ‘elongated and re-
curved, forming a crowded corymbose pan — rev of the involucre ap-
pressed; ra s 8-12, small, e ‘isk. flowers abot : verno scafcoly pu-
escen
+ p.319; Purs
p. 374?) DC. prodr. 5. p. 333; not of Muhl., Diet Vc S. ciliaris,
Muhl.! in Willd. spec. - la 2056; Darlingt. . Cest: p.455; DC.
r: 5. p. 331. S. argentea, Hornem. suppl., e x d
B. juncea: lower leave i nao er and less dee ply serrate, the upper more
entire.—S. juncea, Ait.! Kew. hg ; Pursh, l.c.; Hook.! fl. Bor.-.Am. 2.
as
cabrella: leaves, especially the lower, scabrous or roughish-pubescent,
at je beneath; racemes vie z -:
Meadows, fie lds, &c. either in d a. & 8. Canada (from
Subarctic America, — rdson Á a an iod agouti, the Mother em | Western tern
Fires d South rolina! E Barrens of Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Marshes
sins, 1 Kentuck ky, Dr. Short! Wisconsin, Mr. Lapham! Aug.
er age it tout species, 9-4 feet high, alb
by the very dne us heads, mostly smaller than in any of its allies, com-
pactly disposed i ich form an ample
ppre
somewhat carinate pin of the involucre (the exterior ovate-oblong) ;
h th
small rays ; glabrous branches of the inflorescence, with the bracts usually
e
&c. The young achenia are more or less pubescent under. a v d M it
when mature they are almost glabrou Rom
S. a: stem angled, dijon leaves (ia e ad thin)
abrous both sides, very sharply and strongly serrai pe
cal P on winged eren or ciliate) petioles; the cauline ellipti ca
€ XY 5 gr se ring into a narrow base or margined petioles ;
* "x
Low or shady grounds, "Madina Vermont! New York! E
ns lvania! Aug Pb feet xp ich cone or bere te sei
t en rrate with Dart
asin those of S Miola, vw ich they somew ese ri the a
and apex mostly entire. Panicle NDA HM ON ni
La
E. ; Eo &
à
$e y » ; S
Sonraco: ~ COMPOSITE. 215
lateral branches or racemes m ostly short, more or less secund, but seldom.
recurved : the heads crowded, larger than in S. arguta, and as large as in
S. tim the rays also pretty large.—This plant best emi the name
of S. a , for which Muhlenberg and Darlington have taken it: but the
d original dps of ene wma appears to be the S. diane of these authors.
aid to resem . ambigua, in which species t the racemes are
not dee and the sir are almost villous.
43. S. Boottii (Hook.): stem usually ES radical and lowest cau-
line leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, serrate, on slender wire iene $
the others lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, appressed-serrate (or the en-
tire), acuminate at both ends, or contracted into a winged n t de icum
loosely ipei ge se ngated ; heus of the involucre narrowly oblong, 'ob-
i ubescent.
tuse ; rays 2-5; isk-flowers 8-12; aclienia minutel
a. stem cde, gis s : ‘the lax spreading branches A e bearing
(few or og €— € d racemes ; leaves glabro ehe cabrous
margin er entire.—8S. Boottii, i. Hook. re ahi to hw mag. 1. p. 97,
* B. stem slender, glabrous; racemes very lice paniculate; lower leaves
somewhat pubescent, or sometimes nearly all scabrous-pubescent on both
i ONE and both surfaces of the se seabrous-pubescent branches slen-
der, bearing rather loose a often simple r
. glabro cept the
at both ends, often very sharply serrate: 3 racemes rather dense, sec cund, re-
pud Pras a sparse terminal panicle —S. juncea? Ell?! E: 2. p. 375,
not o
mt po stem stout; leaves rigid, oblong, less acuminate, the lower
serrate with spreading teeth; racemes dense, very numerous, forming an
panicle.
P
5
AE
TS and oer egi aa Carolina! to Florida! and Louisiana!
a, Drum a, Dr. Leavenworth? B. Louisiana, Dr.
Fig Dr. ce y. y. Georgia , Dr. Boykin! 6. Southern States!
apparently common, e. Louisiana, Dr. Mi esate Dr. Hale! Texas,
ife ond.! Au -Oet Variable in many respects, yet apparently a well
large ue
44. S. ica smooth and glabrous digo ut; stem virgate,
ched towards the summit; Re branches pea very long and slender,
leafy, terminated by single virgate secund racemes with the apex somewhat
ometi compound at the base; “leaves n narrowly spatulate-
tuse, tapering to the base, with ciliolate-sca margins,
entire, t most sparingly serrate; hein d lucre narrowly
; rays mostl wantings achenia pe
| Flor i Bis P ini "^ feet high, terete, strict and
à ender rc "rather rigid ; he lowest 3-4 inches long, and vue half
^. an inch wide towards the a apex, dinceddete Wi with a gradually attenuate
base or winged vase and a rather strong mid-nerve, Ear 'riplinerved
above the middle, the veinlets obscure e, usually somew ewhat the others
entire gradually red
inches long, terminating the n
heads entirely atiteteraly ‘large in proportion (as large as dé in
ded, on ;: the summit of the main stem
—
216 saat E Sopa:
ends, on slender ciliate peri the upper often oblong, n rum entire; .
panicle small, turned t side (rarely Pisani ta the s hort racemes atije
len, n i I
hort,
gulata, DC.! prodr. 5. p. 329, excl. syn. Chrysoma uniligulata, Nutt. in
trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. = 325. Solidago uliginosa, ile Nutt.!
7. p.
der plant, 1 to 90 inc ches high; with a inher only k or 4 inches long, some- _~
what ai. Biually turned to one side; the short and rather crowded
racemes at length spreading or ne en recurved; heads small. Radical
b nid aet vires often nc a few eye os hairs when s
stricta 2 dh o have been more or less confounded by ; Nuttall under his S.
uliginosa; Dr. Pickering’s specimens from **sphagnous swamps an
thickets i in Meise ” preserved in the herbarium of the Academ gs ed
Natural Sciences, belonging society d to S. stricta; while others from New
Jersey belong to the vemm spec ë
+ t Leaves wok. ee copiously feather-veined, the veinlets conspicuously
* lated e. heads Lx Š In
- altisst i m): stem hirsute with rough io: leaves ovate-
Z Merci or ds Bcc. acute at each end or minate, sessile,
coarsely serrate with sharp and unequal iotiddind ied sonal fi end
bic e more or [ess reticulated, often rugose, sca a e on
es p niculate, secund PEE or rec caress
r G=! i ers 4-7 ; ache-
nia pubescent Lion. spec. 9. E ert Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 4 3.1 p ie ee i
spec. 3. p. 2058; Sage 2. 5 ; Hoo
2; Darlingt.! p Cest. p. 456. (Virgen spec. Dill. LH. TX 30, "
š 393.) (S. altissima, pilosa, recurvata, & Virginiana, Mill. S. altis- E"
. . sima, aspera, rugosa T: villosa, Pu s aft 2 < p.996. S- altissima, aspera,
7 humilis, D ! prodr. s
npn 333. $c.)
..B. stem. pose ens thin, Hay and sharply serrate, oien je
Maps end OM Y above, and po^ softly hairy on the veins
.d. C.
x qoe endet aru or pe tee a A leaves serdi with ap-
teeth, v. ur g from ovate-oblong to lanceolate (th uppermost n not
5 reticulat » mostly 1 b YN ea Nova
-folüs crenatis, Dill. Elth: 100 Solidago n
iem Tn — ed. 2) 5. p. 66; Pursh! ft
SoripAco. .. COMPOSITA. 217
p.537; Ell.! sk. M s 574; Hook.! l.c. (Varies, with the stem hirsute,
as in icon. Dill., 5S. ulmifolia, Ell.! sk. 9. p- 373 (spec. ex Muhl. P
not of Muhl. E. or o Willd. or scabrous with a short pubescence; with the
ES either very scabrous, o r almost smooth i. ene the lowermost
ly serrate with sharp cem teeth, as i
^N leaves elliptical or oblong-ovate, short, ient “serrate, very strongl
rugose, scabrous po the war surface, with the stem, pubescent wit
close aha soft hai
e. leaves ovate- ellipdedi or oblong, serrate with small and sharp mostly
eo
Pi
appressed teeth, somewhat rugose, very sca a E above, scabrous-pubescent
beneath.—Virga-Aurea aspera, &c. Dill. E Po per 2 em oss
era, Ait.! Kew. (ed 1 p. 2125 Wald. . 795
4588; 3. p. 371. :
‘Borders of fields and thickets, mostly in AA o nd, Canada!
^ popped ^ recipes f var. B.) i iei d " Uni-
tates! ve isiana, Drummond! Dr. Ingalls! Du
Takaia! E. Pennsylvania, 'Muhlenbere t to eor orgia, Dr kin!
Aug.—Oct.—One of the most common Golden- Rods, exhibiting a t e vari-
ety of forms; of which v. we have only characterized the more striking. A
correct view of the species, we think, is taken in the first edition “of the Hor-
tus i e in
yy
fi y
pà
inten
næus, but the Aken iai addu en = least those of Dillenius, belong to this .
ifi
species. The s ame is always nmn the plant varies
3 to 6 or fait libe vix
base, inate, and bue ra! serra up
tire), van a M oh smooth above, softly hairy be reith. especially the d iM
rib and s; racemes paniculate, oue eMe scales of the in-
volucre lanceolate-oblongs rays about 4, short; ache ia minute aeg
cent Pre i in Willd. spec. 3. p. 2060 ; Pursh, fi. 2. p. 538; Darlingt.!
Jt. Cost, d 457; DC. prodr. 5. p. 333 (ex char.); not of Ell.
low grounds, Northern and Western States! and along th
upper country to Alabama! Aug.—Sept.—Resembles some states of the
ing species; but the striate stem is glabrous, or with scattered soft
and the thin leaves are softly pubescent or villous beneath, and either
Lis d or sparsely hairy above, &c.: the radical leaves are elliptic-ovate,
winged petioles. The specifi des is not appropriate, but this is i
plant described by Willdenow, € of Muhlenberg's herbarium, yet not
one sent by the latter to Elliott.
- Drummondii: stem and lower surface of ~ leaves, especially -
tire; racemes secund, paniculate; scales of the involucre o
ig LP Ho the disk-flowers 5 or ey achenia pubescent e bod
1.2” Hook.! com to bot. mag.
SOUT end Lanai Dr. Leavenworth /—Upy
xit
: s, Missou
thé Wien the lower on not seen), with the j
d clothed wi ih a fine i velvety pubescence, leafy to e su
“eaves 2 ees or more in length, about an inch and a half wide, of a
rather firm texture; abruptly acute at both e ends, appearing weg lt petioled,
strongly serrate; the yo shghtly pobre above; those of the branch-
aoe often o lits, * Fondi pe nearly as large as in S. altissima. Invo-
nearly glabro Pippi dme than the corolla of the disk-
E d
Em ` In—28
a
218 COMPOSITE. ` /— : Soutpaeo.
uppermost usu ally entire; racemes loosely paniculate, secund; scales of the
i sofily ^e i
e
cou gone mem. ruxelles,
. except that the con tracted Eres. is longer and narrower; while the upper,
5 educ .
A
go
s d Sa rent iphylla (Chapman!. mss.): stem scabrous-pubescent, often
el ed above, very leafy; leaves glabrous, with Pea cte
Mice anaes veiny; the lowest oblong-spat press aii. es
margined petiole, appressed-serrate; the others oval o 2 er cisely
K sessile, often nearly entire; the secund racemes dis ied i in 3 viia e pani-
cle; scales of the wide ca Mons. obtuse; achenia minutely canescent;
i disk-flowers 5-6; rays
vu Middle Florida, * in Fase soil, Dr. Chapman! Dr. Alexander! | Geo
- ^ & Alabama, Baldwin! Le Conte !—Stem 4-6 feet high, often mach branched
\
?
elliptical, ovate, or roundish, entire or sparingly serrate, sometimes mucronu-
late-acute, the lower su urface rather obscurely "tic late-veined. Heads
t the size of those of S. diii Scales of the involucre glabrous, very
minutely ciliate; the exterior very short.— find no rays in this well-
ed s species ; but some of. the exterior flowers are occasionally destitute
of stamens. i
— 51. S. Elliottii: smooth and glabrous throughout; inves very numerous,
à oblong-lanceolate or elliptical, mucronate-acute or r somewhat acuminate, Ses
sile, veiny, the margins scabrous, serrate with small appressed teeth, the up-
| entire; ds in cro ga py
rved ra
nicle; scales of the involucre line: sei rays 8-10, scarcely longe?
i dis (5-7) disk-flowers; a W eaea minu tely pubescent.—S. elliptica :
sk. 9. p. 376 (founded on a de um specimen, with tbe panicle more
i of
D rich soil, i in the low country of ae ea Rear from Cape Fear
“Mr. M. A. Curtis! & Paris Island, Elliott! to
c herb. Z. Collins !) Sept: Seen 3-6 feet high,
anched above, the a or summit a miel; te
els more or less pubescent.—Allied to ovr M
in the inflorescence, heads, &e. “a differs in the smooth *
*
a
1
. cana Mapi facie et sapore, &e.
SorinAco. e COMPOSITAE. 219
and leaves; the latter more veiny (the veins evident and often re-
ticulated), pale beneath, instead of reed ^ sides, (2-3 inches long, an
inch or less in width, the upper smaller); the panicle Sith more elonga-
ted ; and the scales of the involucre broader and more obtu
t Leaves entire, or Slightly serrate, the pri mary veins nearly obsolete; the mi-
nutely pellucid-reticulate veinlets inconspicuous except by transmitted light:
heads small: scales of the 5-15-flowered involucre few, membranaceous, narrow.
. S. pilosa (Walt.): stem hirsute with spreading hairs, strict, often .
sire above, very leafy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulate, slightly
scabrous, mostly hairy along æ —— — pubescent beneath, obscurely
ined ; ate t, closely
2. P 118, ex — "€ br TAR ET. fl. 2. p. 537; Nutt.! ge 2. p.
159 , Ell. ! 3k. ie DC. pro odr. 5. p. 333;
not f herb. Das ! "s. DA Moret x DC. $
mp soil, from Florida! Alabama! dnd. "Podbiita ! to the pine barrens
Dam
of New Jersey ! Sept.-Oct.—Stem 3-7 feet high, robust, villous-hirsute, es- :
. pecially towards the summit, with hys jointed hairs, often pani iculat
branc hed at the summit; the branc ches or the numerous racemes ved-
en
vein light, o es
with the prim eins i ve nt; the prominent midrib, and often the sca-
brous nee fringed with long hairs; the surfaces often glabrous, butsome-
times £ s-pubescent above and villous-pubescent beneath: lower leaves
2-3 inches ice. lanceolate-oblong, sharply serrulate, mostly acute, ger nar-
per d
rowed at the base ; u dually dn d to about half an 1 in
lines in width s very numerous, t as large as in S.
ora. Bracts subulat moa: scales. of. the kian involucre lanceo-
inom the inner line
53. S. odora (Ait.) : stem co es or a ina hed, ioi pubes-: us.
cent in d ais de bien: leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, very glabrou us, .
with citm A mpeni argins, punctate with pellucid dots ; racemes pani-
culate; rays 3 or 4, rather large; the disk-flowers 3—4; achenia minutely
hairy.— Ait. ! Kew w. (ed. 1) 3. p. 214; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 539; Ell. ! sk. z
ar
p.916; I. ! med. bot. 1. p. 188, t. 20, & fl. Bost. ed. 2. p.
Jl. Bor. Am
En Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 457; DC.! ae s :p. 334.
S. retrorsa eres; Mis 2. p. 117 ; Ell./.sk. 9. p. 377. Virga-Aurea Ameri-
ud Pluk. alm. t. 116, tet a
B. leaves less evidently punctate, and peasy a destitute of anisate
Borders of thickets, in dry or sand da (Pursh) and ay eee A E
shire! to Florida! and Louisiana! (Also e exican & South í
7) A a
‘ Deo) Aug.-Oct.—Stem 2-3 feet high, rather slender, often rec
av
es uds sessile, spreading, or at length reflexed, 1 to 3 or 4 inches :
long, one-fou =, Beam more e Han half an inch wide near the b se gon we E e
point ; m prominent and smooth ; the it and minutely resto : lated T
v ex itted x E nd Wn
_as well as des racemes. Pedicels slender. bracts subutate. i
involucre few, "E glabrous; the exterior short; the others linear, rather —
acute. Pappus shorter than the corolla of the disk.—The leaves yield a
oie. oil istillation vais when. onipo exhale a fine anisate odor. A
sonore repens E fand. oe ary Me which is only
y the wit da this agreeable odor having instead — —
MISI Ae Gu c
x
*
220 COMPOSITAE. Sorinbálio.
tile oil, are evident in the (eaves of this Eo with the aid of a lens, al-
less abu ndant than in the common ; i
54. Ss torti ifolia (Ell): stem Se brari¢hed, atin oct
oe above; leaves small (very numerous) linear, spreading, often twisted at the
base, sparingly serrate ; the upper surface with the margins and midrib sca-
ro
brous, not punctate; the recurved racemes in a pyramid al panicle; rays 3-5,
small; the disk-flowers 3-5; bak slightly pubescent.— Ell. ! Shs 2. p.
377; Hook.! compan. to bot. m n ac S. odora, Michz.! fl. 2. p.
118, not of Ait.
Dry fields, &c. North Carolina! to Florida! Louisiana! and Texas!
Aug.-Oct.— —Stem erect, about 3 feet high, often much branched. Leaves
an inch or more in length, 2-4 Hes bere usually serrate with a few scat-
than in S. odora; the ml ali of the involucre obtu Pappus nearly equal-
ling the corolla of the disk.—In the Texan plant both surfaces of the leaves
are e PEN puberulent- ene
T t t t Leaves somewhat cinereous or canescent, thickish, feather-veined, and more
te dks evidently triplinerved, the veinlets reticulated: heads middle-sized (racemes
times crowded and scarcely secund). =
55. = a (Ait.) : Mein with a very short cinereous pubesc
stem simple or corymbosely branched above; radical leaves. Jrrancodftts
spadate, or boru ineiforim, tipérisgi into a petiole, mostly crenate-ser-
rate; cauline oblanceolate or spatulate-oblong, sessile, nearly entire, some-
what scabrous ; racemes mes bia short, dense, at length recurved-spreading,
forming a crowde d compound raceme i
scales of the involucre linear-oblong, appressed; rays 6-9, rather short ; the
isk-flowers 3-6; achenia appressed-pubescent.— Ait. ^ Kew (ed. 1) 3. p-
213 ; Pursh, $t. 2. p. 537 ; Ell.! sk. 9. p. 373; Hook.? Jt. Bor.- Am. 9. p.
3; Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 456; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 333. S. hispida, Muhl.
in Willd. = 3. p. 2063, fide herb. Muhl.! Sc. S. cinerascens, 5 P chweinitz !
B. dwit p more canescent; leaves mostly entire ; OPES contracted,
somewhat v meat
y. leaves more scabrous; the upper short, obovate-spatulate
Dry or sterile fields, LI Canada! (from the Sa skatchawan !) ET through-
out the United States! common. 8. On the Assiniboin River, Douglas
and towards the sources of St. Peter's River, Mr. Nicollet! y. Texas, Drum-
mond ! Louisiana, Dr. ek ! Kentucky, Dr. Short! Manitou Island, Lake
chigan, Dr. Engelm Sey t.-Oct.—A well ow ‘species, remarka-
ble for its "grayish E. ey m. inflorescence. The stem (1-3 feet! h, in
B. 6-10 inches) is often gnare y simple, Me terminated by a small and con-
tracted, more or less elongated and decurved panicle, composed of short
glomerate racemes ; frequently i it produces veral such panicles, racemosely
ranges ia : mes the stem is much branched at the sum-
mit, producing dde iiem, pitéciós: Scales of odivoluse minutely
Base cilate. P var. y. is a more rigid and scabrous form
56. S. Radula (Nutt.): stem simple, seabrous-pubescent ; leaves cunei-
alae pu ent, very scabro us vbt MEME
into a bip hat petiolate base; the upper ob-
and rays each 2-6, the latte Very short; achenia
ys ^ id PES H
2 * *
Ei
a
F.
A
Sonipaco. ` COMPOSITE. 221
. minutely Pu NE in jour. acad, Philad. 7. p. 102, & in trans.
. phil. soc. (n.
Dry ground, Arkansas Rita ! Western Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth!
Dr. Hale! Missouri, Dr. Engel nann! deer oot —Plant 10-18 inches high,
rather slender. “Radical ines unknown: the cauline — crowded and
rigid, rough, minutely hispid-ciliate, ieliculitbd i the lowest € etimes lan-
CE poc rand acute) 2-3 inches long, half an inch "iden ar the apex};
the successively smaller and more oblong or ov Mis Taonia, and en-
ire, mue mucron ulate. Heads rather Baali than in S. nemoralis, crowded.
ract ute.
5 berrima : stem corymbose at the summit, very scabrous; cauline
m crowded, ovate or r closely sessile, rigid, very scabrous,
what triplinerved ; the lower coarsely vidue d; the ppermost
and the lowest bracts roundish, hes re; racemes numerous, recurved, forming
ore qe compound panicle ; the heads iei. iocis secund ; disk-
flow ner gaysi aA aps the latter very short; achenia nearly glabrous.
Tex !—The specim sd consist of the upper portion of an
apparently l 14 species: the thick and coriaceous leaves 1 to 2 inches long,
e
diculs s
ther e d $ oe upper smaller and rounder, closely sessile by a very obtuse
base ; beg ose of a Je anches and the viter: bracts small, nearly orbic ilar.
ce longated. —Involuc c. as in the preceding.—D
from be racit of 's. rotundifolia, DC. in the secund and much spreadin
racemes, and the sharply t aoi lower leaves. It agrees with the present
group in habit and character; but the lower per" aro so manifestly tripli-
etved that it e be referred to the followi ing divi
58. S. n Nutt.) : pulverulently canescent ; stems several from a some-
what ligneous caudex, simple: radical and lowest m leaves spatulate,
i : tioles; the others
scarcely secund heads Gr ma than in S. nemoralis) towards the summit.
Involucre somewhat t pubesc
Shite: clothed with a eos cni pubescence, when
dd slightly scabrous; stems low, rous from a suffruticose base; leaves
rowded, thick, oval or oblong, soils y obtuse, sessile, triplinerved ; the lower
abico eai sparingly serrate E the re tapering to the ;
erate, crow tei dense th , panicle, at
mes short, glom
length somewhat spréading and secu scales of the involucre oval-oblong ;
rays 5- i vie
ui ? leaves cinereous-canescent and somewhat scabrous pe tomentose),
anceolate, acute at both ends, finely ¢ and sharply se voluere aio t pcs or
e i alle lucre oblong-lin
mS mals di. y Ge fe J Ath YA, > a v
La i Ra 6 G 2e MI? s i ; - :
v. M
> »
222 | COMPOSITE. Souspaso,
s rior scales of the involucre somewhat avg or ciliate.—The plant which - 7
b d with some hesitation, eu a variety of this species, en nar- `
and less v iira ety-canescent lea mo E e acute, looser racemes, ke,
The d ap would probably be sought for arian the Triplinervia ; but w
have r er a in this subdivision on account of its close alliance to the
sent spec
oe a *** * * * Racemes spreading or ia (sarpio), secund : leaves, moniftiy
m triplinerved or 3-ribbed. —Tri ipline
t Heads middle-sized: scales of the rol Ather thick and rigid, closely im-
bricated, with greenjah tips.
» 49- Shorti: em simple or branching from Es base, ninaa sca-
Ment; werten rigid, smooth and glabrous, with ci
peri. S oblong- Venetis sme gem ee hcc g to the base, niit
and unequally serrate towar apex; uppermost entire; racemes
short, disposed in an elon shen ot pee elt scales of: HM gh olucre
linear-oblong ; achenia eue as scent.
E heads dis waa S a somewhat si pss | lomerate-spicató raceme.
1 in i ,
uppermost comm monly veinless. Racemes SRR spat dense, secund,
at i spreading, Sens an erect or decurved more or less contracted
nicio, $- 3-8 hqe. sd n legi» which is often gos at the base. Ray an
61. S. Missouriensis (Nutt.) : smooth and glabrous; ae. low; simple ;
a leaves i jose Ata acute, with v m rous mar -—— e Miror
fuse: achenia slightly pubescent.—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 3
§ trans. Amer. phil. aa ser.) 7. p. 32 ; icon
lo bot. mag. 1. p. 97. S. glaberri dé c. in acad; Brux? (we have
seen no character), founded on a plant REESE in Missouri EMT Duerinck.
. ud | ser Ag : wider, less pointe 5
; ves e slender ; stem m corymbose at the nia glabrous.
Dry prairies of the a: e glas !) and ‘the uem of St E Peter's
Ri r (Mr. Ni collet !) of the Upper Missouri (Mr. ius. L to St. pos
! [llinoi dew! Louisian
ted), 2-3 voee long, 2. -4 (in f. "P Mod iis
first n cs erect, at length elongated and a
Souipago. $ COMPOSITÆ. 223
21 nens ges a p se broad panicle. Involucre closely imbricated.
0, rather s well marked species. The plant is sweet-
acl ee to Mr. "Buckley.
Pe t t Heads small: scales of the involucre n , membranaceous: racemes Ei
X elongated, forming an ample pss
S. Leavenworth : rns strict, scabrous ; leaves linear, acute, sharpl
serrate e, m cilio vete abrous margins, inconipieubeply triplinerved, sm
and nd racemes loose, pa kdar -spreadin mewhat secund, formin
an elongated o open i Mode: peduncles villous- “pabean (heads large for
- de bdi visión j) segles of the involucre linear-oblong, ve obtuse; rays
mall.
ida, near Micanopy, &c., Dr. Leavenworth! Sept.-Oct t.—Stem ap-
entl 3 or 4 feet — terete simple, puberulent-scabrous thirpoghiedl
eaves numerous, about 3 s long. and one-fourth of an inch wide, ser-
ad with small and ds presi teeth, ates and somewhat narrowed
ar th icuous midrib, from which arise two rather ob-
e with a
seure lateri il nerves, velles ex ex sept’ by — p when — appear
minutely eticulated under a lens. Racemes a simple or compound
somewhat leafy panic ife (6-12 inches look) iiie the pedicels. slender.
Heads fully as large as in S. gigantea, and muc less crowded. Ra ays about
12, small and slender; the disk-flowers nearly the same number.
: minutely pabesce: —Allied in some respects to the S. odora group.
re. 63. : stem smooth or minutely pubescent, strict;
leaves des p eg or acuminate at e ach end, sparingly iru nearl
brous, ee inilinecsed Moe ve einlets reticulated); pae IDEAE
virgate or narrowly midal; the racemes at length
P EY secund ; ; scales of E involucre EAS subulate ; rags ma and slender
enia pubescent.— Nutt. ! trans. La mer. phil. soc. (n. ser
S. elata, Hook.! fl. Bor.-
olan
B. leaves lanceolate- seg 3 arply 784 PAR i serrate ; racemes strict,
at length somewhat spreading, but scarcely secund; heads s maller.—S. Can-
adensis £. Hook.! l.c. S. stricta, Tik in Linnea, 6. p. 502? (Leaves
either smooth and very indistinctly papa or slightly scabrous with the
nerves more evident: varies also with the n shorter, the dry cle short
and obtuse. S. Canadensis, Hook. & Arn. ! t Body.
y? leaves larger, somewhat scabrous de valises Penh beneath,
sometimes nearly glabrous ; panicle dense, pyramidal, the crowded racemes
» atlength : recurved-spreading, secund ; bendi larger —S. e elongata 8. Nutt. 7
l.c. S$. Can Hook.! fl. Bor. - Am. 9. p.1 o Arctic speci
n and Cal ifornia (a. & .), Mendes ! ! Beečhey! D
ee ee Straits of
FE act a d
c Am , from e Lak sell to Fort Franklin on the
Mackenzie River, Richardson poeta 3-4 feet hi ghi in y. stout, but the
specim edwarf. Panicle 5:10 in inches long, st rict and narrow,
& with pe aag emi rh large as in S. Canadensis: in y. heilen panicle i is
lly thyrsoid or broadly pyramidal, with the heads fully as large as in
= E it is perhaps a distinct species. Rays exserted, but —
mid i icuous.—This species perhaps extends. to tust Sout
America ; toit(or to S. fincaribblia, D DC.?) we may proba ably refer :
nt collected in Mendoza A. the late Dr. Gillies, oped in ok. fi.
.-Am. under S. lanceo:
64. S. C Linn., Ait.): stem scutes Rama or villous ; leaves
n ce sharply | -n te, ‘sometimes mes almost e — more or less
pubescent beneath and scabrous above; panicle pyra iate, of -
E
a
+.
peen or tomentose beneath, scabrous
x |
994 . 23 COMPOSITE. Soxipageo. ©
very ni rous recurved pip C ogn
pubescent.— Linn. hort.
3. p. 2207 p spec. 1l r p duos
Hook. ! ! fe Bo p
prodr. 5. p. 3 S.n sopra
"€ g^ very short; achenia
p ee EA Ace (ed. "LL
it sk. 9. p. 369;
excl. Eyi Barling ° fe [^ p.455; DC.!
irga-Aurea ences]
tifolia, &c. Pik. alin. T : 936. ERU arith he leaves are ty mooth
and Leer Veg ely approac as s 's. serotina); and from
m oblongslamceüflate
to elongated linear-lanceolate (a state of the latter is S. longifolia, Schrad. !
hor. i
dr. 1.
B. intermedia: stem villous or densely
cinereous-pubescent; leaves softly
above.—S. Ca
nadensis y. Ait. ! l.c. ;
ook.# 1. c... S. NE Desf. -e DC. 1. c. (* Heads much smaller than
, a enum
8 Or sc Mi ous-hirsute; leaves tomentose beneath,
. procera
scabrous ahpa, elongated lanceolate, sparingly eon or the u ppper Sutro; $
procera, Ait. l.c. ; Ell. |. sk.
heads er with the rays rather longer.—S.
p. 369.—Varies with thé leaves slightly pubescent, pre aie E nerves,
and e. stem seabrous-pubeseent, or som Lo abrous below
ô. scabra: stem scabrous-hirsute or ciner ; leave slanceolate or r oblong-
m gie rig entire, ination ctly cible ved. more veiny and pu-
bescent ntose or Moneta very dade a s heads
var. y.—S. scabra, Muhl.! cat., nca ed. (where
astr. 1
itis well Shared) Willd. spec. 3. p. E i where it is so incorrectly
| describe t it has not since been recopvized) ; De. !
Ku Borders of thickets fields, &c., comm iM c ‘igo the United
" States! to Subar augeri * (Oregon, Nut ta onsylvaniat" to to
Georgia ! and west a Mench an! Louis om exas! © Aug.-Oct
A polymorphous og. distinguished byi its pew > mg yety inconspicuous
rays, and pubescent m and leave: Tg. €— —
succeeding form, foni. which 4 is only to be diminanianiadet
i ha larg eads: the latter is scarcely Apre from S.
-; which has shorter and daily broader es, often indistinclly tripli-
ade somewhat rugosely veined.— This ies appears to have been
a time cultivated in many '"Baopéer mde conf du the name of
S. altissima.
65. S. serotina (Ait.) : stem very smooth, often rica n
^ late, acuminate, serrate, glabrous ae the vei jm
| bap the upper surface scabrous; panicl i
ed racemes ; uncles E orgéqet rays short
dy elabrous~ it Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. uhl. !
y. santea, Darlingt. ! A. Cest. p .
ed t aes and low Can ada! and ni
| (Oregon, Nuttall.) Aug. —Disting
» c stout stem (4-8 feet high), “ee the ae are more or less pube
"s fde ni s beneath, i the upper surface scabrous, at least E the
base than i
gigan
margins.
tea, which ee e dies very T OY approach ; ; and the heads aod ra
commonly es. oa in size between
: horis. pubescent n young.
- 66. S. ret MS ): stem stout,
a and
ivision
-1)3. p.211; Hook.! fl.
uim, Willd.
that species | and S: Canadensis.
iritooch and often gains; leaves
glab both sides, lanceolate, qup e e, densely
1 a vi y sharply serrate, except th narrowed. ; pan
a » of numerous recurved racemes ; peduncles pete
Js exse d;
Bor.- Am. 2. p- shal be prodr. 5. p.
spec. 3. p: 2056.— V aries, with the leaves broadly,
E
2
t
SoripAco. COMPOSIT Z. j 225,
or narrowly lanceolate (the latter S. ee Def! à i pe! E: c. » very
coarsely, or finel and eparsely ae serlo (ih na, i
as to spec. fr egon, &c.), eines Sid res ^s atta nerves ides distinct
(S. —— Willd. le c.); the panicle large and crowded, or sometimes
gate
B. leaves vins ‘from lanceolate to oval- lanceolate, narrowed at the base;
the — nerves don indistinet; panicle — thyrsoid or fastigiate.—S.
a B. Dre 268. at cheri, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p.
101, pp
r. phil. soc. l. c
Fields aeg borders of Sime a Canada! and Saskatchawan! to Alabama!
Com
Arkansas, (Dr. "Pita her !) Kester ey! &c., to Saskatchawan! and -
m mer Ter hed by its erfectly smooth leaves as well as stem,
67. S. rupestris (Raf. 5 em crai be loosely branched above,
smooth, the branches and diis s pubescent; leaves smooth and glabrous,
ok cee attenuate at both ends, bed or sparsely serrulate ; m
8 a Tia mall; rays very short; achenia pubescent. —Raf.!
nat. (1820) p.
Cliffs of Kentuck d Drone Dr. Short! and emper com-
mon in Kentucky! Jndia Aug.-Sept.—Smooth like S. gigantea,
with the small heads and i inconspicuous a" ip f S. Canadensis Sear le
a ds m
3. Frutescent, det somewhat glutinous: leaves obscurely triplinerved,
veinless, entire: heads corymbose-paniculate: involucre as in § Virgaurea,
few- (4—7-) flowered : ra rays 1-3.—Curysoma, Nutt. (in jour. acad. Philad.,
trans. Amer. phil. soc. excl. spec. 2 & 3.)
A specimen of a plant de nearly allied to the following, from the Bahama
Islands, exists in Sir William Hookers herbarium, chiefly di ering in its smaller
and most red zs rays, an more ev idently triplinerved leaves,
Which do not exhibit the beautiful reticulated structure of tgo
probably the S. A grain s, Spreng. This section is allied t “Maritime on
the one (and is 5 composed of sea-side plants ?) and to Kcuilsafa on the other
sa (Michx.): glabrous or glaucous,
what viscid; leaves t — lanceolate, oblanceola
obtuse, entire, narrowed at the base, sessile mcr compound pani-
ales of the 5-7-flowered i ly oblong, carinate ;
reys large: achenia silky-villous.—Mi ichz. ! dne € ee 116. Jig vr ttn ma solida-
» Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7
Alabama, Mr. Uie proc atq e iE uch —, 1-3 feet Aes
i raha arge, son sesti ad. " Rays pen deep yello ae ee:
i turning somewhat brownish.—This remarkable plan bt-
nknown to
who has probably at a mere venture nea it as a
VOL. mip
**
226 a COMPOSITA. SoripAGo.
§ 4. Herbaceous, much branched, fastigiate-corymbose: scales of the involu- — —
cre much appressed, somewhat glutinous: receptacle fimbrillate: rays ~
(6-20) more numerous than the disk-flowers, very small: achenia oblong,
villous-pubescent : heads in corymbose clusters, mostly fascicled : leaves line-
ar, entire, 1-5-nerved, sessile. —EUTHAMIA, Nutt.
*
ee 69. S. lanceolata (Linne -stem much branched, cae the branches
diu (at eat the angles). with the nerves and margins of the lanceolate-linear
ved leaves minutely scabrous-pubescent ; fend SbUseld- -cylindrical,
in M dena cor Meg clusters, sessile; scales of ie involuere obtuse, oblong
or lanceolate, the innermost linear; flowers of the disk 8-12; the minute
s 15-20.—Linn.! mant. p. 114; P. ! io AG 1) 3. p. 214; Micha. !
y^ 2. m 116 a sat E M a Bigel. fl. Bost. ee 2. p. 301;
6 (p artl j; Dorint: f f. Cest. p. 4 S. gra-
mini dd Ei fu ^ p. "so ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 341. Srat grami-
nifolia, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 1 € int trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. Chrysoco-
ma graminifolia, Linn. s spec. 2. p. 8
Fields and borders of thickets, Canada cm SUN America) and
ne -— throughout the ue ited E E. dew eie de —4 feet high, stri-
angled, usually scabrous-puberul xis dly lanceo
sess oin (3-5 inches long and 5- sere "T eck: dire more slender),
ne" Paget p and indistinctly 3-nerved, nume p but not fascicled in
po e ads one-fourth to one-third of an inch in 1 engib- Receptacle
p i imbeilane
70. S. prem gres (Parsh); — or slightly sedis stem much
^7 branched, fastig leaves very narrowly linear, spreading, 1- (rarely
eaves
somewhat 3-) a ci. punctate with resinous dots ; heads obovoid or turbi-
nate, in loose corymbos e clusters, mostly in glomerules = 2 or 3, sometimes
‘pedicellate; rays 6-12, ately exserted ; the disk-flowers 5~6.—Pursh, fle ™
2. p. 540; Ell.! sk. 2. p. 3 : prodr. 5 " d S. lanceolata 8.
minor, Michz.! l.c. Eu hama — Nuit.
Florida! fields, - m" the c de Ma tenm EN “and New York! to
"t Louisiana ! pcm —A more slender plant than the pre-
err smaller, espe ‘less glomerate. Leaves 1 to nearly 3 4
Eros long, one line or less in width, sprinkled with resinous atoms, often — .
=e the el Met ial the ie acis is reduced to few heads, these are
y paeen n e species is variable, and some states nearly ap-
Stone pe , tel dd p
— very smooth ; stem densely fastigiato-corymbose at 7
s lanceolate-linear, l-nerved, or obscurel nerved ;
Florida! ¢
ra
— Western a, De Eon, ! I Dr. | ale! Texas, Drum mond !—
[ we ga an apparently strie “and nearly. simple, oy tat the summit. Leaves —.
crowded, but not d, 2-3 inches long, 2-3 lines. wi
midrib and usua 3 # obscure lateral nerves, | »ellucid-punct: u
.. allied species, but not ed with re tois, e i glutinous. Heads
~ Very numerous and sede. Rays mostly shorter than Bit: flowers.
Receptacle conical, fimbrillate. — ‘
s WS m lehtalii (Nutt. under Futte very “smoot k mm i
pe a becomes
ve s in sm cellate; scales of the
ered involucre linear-lanceolate, reba nceolata, Cham.
ao ‘ ss COMPOSITE. - ' -297
Schlecht.! in Linnea, 6. b, S02; Hook.! fl. Bor.- Am , partly.
Euthamia occidentale, Nut n tris: Amer. phil. soc. Wa ser. A w drip
* Oregon, Dr. Scouler ! Dénclde! Nuttall! and California, Chami to
e Rocky Mountains, Nuttall.—More paniculately bra in tied that "soia j
species of this division; the long and slender branches term ted. by small
clusters; the short and broadish heads all, or cally all T edi cello ayo
16-20, a little exserted ; the disk-flowers 8-14: appendages of the style of
the latter obtuse. Receptacle with the margins of the alveoli pilose, rather
than fimbrillate.
1 Species not sufficiently known to us, founded on native specimens.
73. S. panos (DC.): n erect, terete, wi hier: the leaves) some-
what scabrous with a very short pubescence; leaves oblo -— sit ag tan
entire, Biia triplinerved; the radical arene. at the mes
somewhat secund, Den ina dte DENM scales T "the ER cu
involucre cx heads 10-flowered ; rays 5, very minute; achenia
ap aes. bc. S mdr. 4 p. 322.
istricts, aren dd Plant a foot high. DC.— —
n the rn di
Hur it ei longi « o the corymbose division
. S. rotundi ifolia (DC.) : stem erect, terete, quinos s scabrous; leaves
iy ‘malts, or obovate, obtuse, mucronate, the ma and both surfaces
very scabrous; the E r crenate, the upper entire ; racemes erect, compac
i di i ros am icle; — roundish ; + the i erii
4 toa ieee somewha e; rays very small. D 5. p. 33a
zz "Texas, in a e dni Pedir erence: — Very dieto i in the form of
C.
its bracts.
ec S. lepida (DC. ): stem erect, strict, terete, puberulent ; p die oval-
te, with a long po entire base, coa — serrate at the apex, acu-
minate, feather-veined, somewhat a oi especially the Aq and the
veins ben eath ; » panic da sect, term scales of the amen involucre
ear, prt ts a a little vint gens the m: DC. prodr. 5. p. 339.
B. subserrata (DC. 1. c.): leaves slightly se
Nootka, Henke.—Allied to S. latifolia and S. E, DC.
76. S. compacta (Turcz.) : racemes erect; stem WEE A gir M
leaves obloig-lanceolate, tapering into a long petiole, entire, or the upper-
most serrulate, sli ighily e — ing margins ciliate ; ends itus nsely glome-
unded by lea aie, e n bull. soc. nat. Mose. 1840. DE =
71. S. elata Qn: stem Ai terete; leaves | , Eso. di
ae ie y. eath; racemes yar A elongated. Pursh, fl. "es P- M
merica, ( Herb. Banks.) Pursh.—T wo plants are ticketed * S. elata" :
in the Banksian herbari «i. one, à cul d specimen of a maneng :
species, i » S. Senita Des . DC.: the other arked * New Je ersey,
— Bartram zend has a hairy stem, ary branched above; ue
T ss ataa allis hich eye try on both surfa ces and ciliate; erect racemes ;
eher ge ona minut
ovate, short; the Saat slogan slightly pointed, all somewhat
€ ) i and stri — — achenia ae tt has Pa ed its t
arbone:
è seen no asd pony hum ne S we suspect it is not c
ora (Raf.): stem simple, smooth ; leaves oblong lanceolate,
. c (Ra
acute, entire ; flowers 1 minal.—Raf. in med. repos. (hex p. 359.
a New Jerse, and pedro County, Delaware, Rafinesque
d E » ove P M :
i to ** S. Nar t, in act. Tolos. 3. p (of ^ which
Ee: S.N Pourre E
T
S ruo bo
* y
e. á
A AES
4255 ^ r COMPOSITE. SoripAGo.-
ty : &
t t Species founded on garden specimens (many of unknown or uncertain ori-
gin), which we have not identified with native plants.
* * Racemes erect.
79. S. grandiflora (Desf.) : clothed with a short and close villous pubes-
cence, somewhat scabrous; leaves elliptical or Yam -lanceolate, finely ser-
rate, acute; the lower narrowed at the base s paniculate, forming a
thyrsus ; heads 30-40-flowered ; scales of thé inves oblong, obtuse, ped
Meg Reid (large) cei Marge pubescent.— Desf. ! cat. hort. Par. €
403 ! prodr. 5.
i P Eon h Rasen ? ed panel origin unknown; Galiivated in the Garden
of Plants, Paris—We have seen no indigenous specimens of this species ;
size; but the rather loose racemes are Ju the upper shorter and with
few heads, so that the inflorescence forms a pyramidal thyrsus or panicle
instead of a fastigiate corymb ; the scales «i ie involucre are narrower and
less obtuse; the achenia clothed with a minute pubescence; even the u
leaves are serrulate, and the radical (wich we have not scen) are said to be
scarcely petioled.
80. S. multiflora (Desf.): “ms erect, pon hei very much branc shed,
the pan eem branches sparse Eee ; leav li lanceolate, acu-
minate, serrate, glabrous, or ho most somewhat pubes scent pim is LI
nerves ; enisi erect; scales of t iela elal rous, acute; rays T
Jonge than the disk. DC.— AE e ! cat. hort. Par. ed. 1804, p. ne
à -9. p. 402 ; Pers. syn. 9. p. ; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 336.
Said to be of North American Adm but we have seen no native speci-
mens which accord with the cultivated plant. The heads resemble S. Cana-
P CHEN but the racemes are very short, in erect panicles.. Achenia pubescent.
e som
av ewhat scabrous above; the upper slightly triplinerved, the
midrib pu nt.
oes e iege (Desf.) : very glabrous; stem SN, — .smooth
im ves Pa ceolate, quite pod se ose erect; pedicels short,
i les
scales of the involucre oblon ; walls acute ; ; si
inar. a e rig ee the disk ; he Ps ced 6-7. D C.—* Des
3. p. 4 PE. odr. 5.
3. TN
p- 340.
North [b e kon to us = ipid native Shine The y
unlike S speciosa
ban S. uen (Desf.): glabrous; stem angled; leaves e
slightly serrulate, acute, narrowed towards the base; the Miner ovate ; flori-
ferous branches erect, leafy. Desf. cat. l. c.
Cul ete the Pari
TUA. of Aawi p bdg- ro
83. s. hirta € f B. pu m res lanceolate, sca-
brous í aee sides ; xy auline — dum those of > branches entire ; ra-
—Ó jay elongate ey 91.
E North Ameri edet ciently isi by by its ‘hingute and ^
brous leaves; the ~ mac ees —Ó M^ Wee EER has
never been identified untry.
mifolia ee ves branching, pu ubescent; ul
evi Vee see Deer | entire; racemes
Willd. evum. p 593 ; Link, c enum. 2. P $m; DC.
Ec E d
'
Sonmaco. COMPOSITE. , 299
North America, Willdenow.—Leaves nearly as in Lithospermum offici-
nale. Willd. l. c.— "hend leaves long, triplinerved, scabrous. Flowers
rather large. Link.—Stem pubescent, rines hispid. Leaves apicu-
- Sie callous mucronation, somewhat M nerved, the lateral veins
DC.—Pursh, who professes to Aes seen this species growing, gives
: ds ; HR Sandy barren woods, New Joss. to n but affords no
other informat
85. S. gra "E pay stem erect, glabrous, scabies simple; leaves
“an ceolate, acuminate, — glabrous Erie feather-veined ; p lower
oval-lanceola ie, a at ase uppermost nearly entire; ra-
cemes erect, bearing few hea de disposed à in a narrow -— ; scales of the ©
í o a
of the disk. DC.—Poir. dict. 8. p- v (where thé: leaves are said t
entire) DC. pl. rar. hort. Genev. 6. p. 6, & prodr. 5.
North ica ?—The plan nt is said to be a foot and a half high, with a
reddish stem ; toe AREA leaves 2 inches long, 6-8 lines wide; the branches
terminated by erect panicles, 2-3 inches in length, less than an inch in
breadth: the ovaries clothed with very small appr ressed hairs. The latter
an ii ee others, would seem to "e the plant from S. stricta
an
. Schraderi (DC.): stem oie terete, “sparsely P panicu-
initi branched ; leaves linear-lan minate, serrate at the apex,
labrous, wit > somewhaf'scabrous m uppermost entire ; racemes
erect, very short, bracteolate ; scales woe e Dowd aqaa acute ; rays linear, as
eng 2 the disk. DC. prodr. 5. p. 336. S. gracilis, Schrad. ieri: Gait, É
C.
À species of — (probably N. Américain) origin, allied to the prece-
lon
ding; but the leaves longer, narrower, and a little more rigid; the long pani-
culate branches Hatea very short axillary racemes for a long distance; the _
rays much shorter, &c. DC.
— 87. S. carinata (Schrad. in DC.): stem erect, angled at the summit,
somewhat puberulent; radica leaves on n- fot petioles, oblong, tapering at
th e, obtuse at pex, mucronate, sinuate-serrate the upp SSL,
- linear, somew at serrate ; all glabrous, with s scabrous, the mid.
rib prominent benea th; racemes erect, omnet in a panicle; rays 7-9,
onger he disk
C. prodr. 5. p. 3
n the Gettingen Botanic Garden, the origin unknown, perhaps -
l an.—Radical leaves 7 inches long, ced the po
d. hes cip puberulent, bracteolate. DC.—Perh es acu iden "
state of S. stricta
88. S. mollis (Dant) leaves, as well as the pos sm. _pulverulent e
pubescent, with scabrou s margins, poe Snag h
ones oblong, ee ae racen erect, EN ric involuere "e
pressed, acute, glabrous ; rays longer e the ; pt hori: i
er 05 836, p. 5, & in L , 19. suppl. p. 80; : >
North America ; rai seed collected by |
be a state of S. nemo
e-
n: st e: =
Pore di ra Se w Schrad. "r Gott. p. 12. t. 6, § in neu. jour. _
180, p Tio; ex DC. prodr. 5. p. 334 f
"
230 | COMPOSITE. ` _ Soumaco.
North America: said to be allied to S. arguta and S. inthe cgo
This is pe i S. neglecta: but we have never observed a v
stem in that spec
. S. recurvata (Willd.) : stem erect, pubescent; — —€—M acu-
eat (veiny), serrate, vie glabrous, the margins x
elongated, amid panicled. Willd. enum. p. 8 d DC.; was ER e
North America, Willdenow.—Described from lant cultivated in e
Berlin Botani puru —bLeaves ipe cite above, slightly scabrous along the
nerves ys linear-oblong, a little ee than the disk.
Pursh is E only American author who pretends to have recognized this
eee which he gives as a native of PIE woods of Pennsylvania and
mem
91. S. lateriflora (Linn.): panicle corymbose; racemes recurved, as-
PM ; stem bearing flower-branches below the middle. Linn. spec. 2.
"Non America, Kalm.—The plant is said by Linnzus to be half the size
of S. Canadensis; the leaves entire or with one or two teeth ; ; the flowers as
in S. altissima; the simple branches rather shorter than the stem, co
. As remarked -— Smith, (Rees, cycl.) there is some doubt as to the
ppan bienes had in view, which an papecon e v - herbals does not
remove. pla At cultivated under this na appears to have been
much aged à ing poles As desc ee in the Hortus Kewensis, it
ame what hai stem, aroue mer at tripli-
t
the paniculate be secund an what rec ccording to
Willdenow (enum. p- 889), when cultivated J in a shad place, the stem is
very simple, with simple axillary racemes, the lower very long, the upper
short : but in exposed situations the stem becomes branched.
S. fragrans (Willd.): stem erect, glabrous ; etin glabrous, oblong,
Prada at each end, ey a. nag eae ; the low den mewhat serrate, the
upper entire; racem [Me iem cund; ‘pedice s pubescent; —
linear-subulate, a cuate-teeurved; scales T the ase somewhat gree
ish [ovate- lanceolate utish]; ra - her | than sk
pye , : rays oblong, rather longer
[achenia Sy ville S3 Dc.— a Vie enum. suppl. p. 59, ex an he disk
x : s
N
„North America, Wil LN Ive seen no native plant which accords
with our specimens of this species, Pics in the Berlin Botanic en.
Mie per ritime species; and the leaves (which are rather thick,
a a ma
hd green, and shining above » 2-3 inches long, about half an inch wide, mi-
racemes are mostly peered rather crowded, and
sont ong? ee the leaves; the heads fully Imiddle-sizbl ; the exterior
ap-
at of Aes invi volar greenish and the -achenia clothed with white a
93. is a. Spoli): sb stem erect, striated, slightly hairy ; leaves lanceo-
x
late, distantly tooth ed; clusters panicled aniletorak rather
the the lower ones axillary ; bracts lanceolate, anobeh. a, del.
* Ri cod. LAU Smith in Rees, , cycl. no. 23. S. Clelie, DC. prodr.
| liented in the Italian ardens, collected b p ith the garden at
: Pavia, in n 1787; raed o oU "pm that ot 1. i uk oat deg
3 +) and ‘sup s m Ye ‘= rding de Smith,
| it as iptices 1; but its leaves are
t, a its Enn much oming ea jose ARR clusters Pg altel com--
leafy panicle, gg about as long as their lice cates ono
=
SoripAco. COMPOSITE. 231
Rays rather numerous. The foliage is rigid, X a finely toothed,
not orien nd triple- -ribbed, indeed m n S. lateriftorá,
= to speci ies we should have aac: it but er ina alleged affini-
o S. elliptica." Smith, l. c
94. S. reflera (Ait): — — "eoe: leaves lanceolate, somewhat
middle, yobeum. 2m branches of the panicle secund, reflexed, short).
DC.! prodr.
o us as a wild plant, nor can we identify the one or two
different species sick are eumd) in Europe under this name wi
indigenous les "s “Pine onde and 9 fields, Pe Jer-
sey to mones probably of pe s d the species was not recog-
nized by Elliott. The plant of De Candolle Vente Bot. Gar en pies a
very much contracted and que i — panicle, kis v "wy — teuer
than in S. Canadensis; the stem what pubesc the wly
lanceolate leaves slightly cec banca, decis k TP BRE h
oveboracensis, Linn. (the particular derivation of the specimen cun the
ray owens Ew which eet a were not yellow, is apparently an Aster, with
arge as
m p s with t e plant RUINE by De Candolle cine ore e
he considers a doubtful and probably state of S. ri nhs: —
describ ntaines is said to have elongated and E
secund heads
40. BIGELOVIA. (Bigelowia,*) DC. prodr. 5. p. 329 (excl. § 2 & 3), &
mem. Comp. t. 5 ; not of Smith, of Spreng., nor of Raf.
Heads 3-4-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involuere cla-
vate-cylindrical, somewhat colored, as long as the flowers; the scales (10-14)
linear, boc ipee appressed, rigid, somewhat glutinous. Receptacle
narrow, pointed by a hyaline or scale-like cusp as long as the achenia. kd
rolla, aniliers and style nearly as in Linosyris; the latter scarcely exserte ed
Achenia somewhat obconic, hairy. Pappus a single series of scabrous
lary bristles.—A. perennial glabrous herb, with slender xe or
branched from the base, somewhat naked above, corymbose at
Leaves alternate, oblanceolate or linear, entire, 1-3- —3-nerved, pirka pune- i
- Heads in a fastigiate ied or cyme. Flowers um the involucre
yellowish.
M EC
* ^ t * *
bi
p bs M — p
ioned genera prove distinct, the 7 t be
p ‘the Lichens, E that of Bigelovia, Spreng., Arn. «c. in Rubiacez ; in
ing th
via f cie oce, will Keep
2 B ius is merged in Parn ay ec dst
da. orreria so long as the Borrera of ES ager Bonds 3
ge
h R
We
232 COMPOSITE. Diekrovia.
: B. nudata (DC. ! "ca etm nudata, Michz.!. fl. 2. p. 101;
^" Pursh! fl. 2. p.517; "gu? . 309
a. pfolia : radical € ren leaves oblanceolate, 1- or obscurely
3-nerved, tapering into an attenuated d the cauline ones scattered, —
ery few, linear.—B. nudata, DC.! c., & mem. comp. t. 5. Chrysoc
B. virgata : eurfie radical leaves linear-spatulate ; ; the others, and the
often more numerous) cauline ones narrowly linear, 1-nerved.—B. vir rgata,
ia On it. l.c
CTi rysocoma virgata, Nu
Bórdenk. of swamps, and low pine e barrens, New r Jersey (Nuttall) and Vir-
, ginia! to Florida! Alabama! Louisiana! an s! Aug.-Oct.—Stems
1-2 feet high, slender. Lower leaves 2-3 i n oik: the uppermost ve
Scales of the involucre 1-nerved, with somewhat greenis
tips.—The habit is much that of the section Ethan in Rao but i
stems are less inclined to branch. "The B. virgata appears only a nar-
` row-leaved state of dis ordinary plant ; but. i may, ein be a distinct
species.
41. LINOSYRIS. Lobel; DC. prodr. 5. p. 351, (& Bigelowia § 2. DC.)
Linosyris & Crinitaria, Cass.—Chrysothamnus, Nutt.
‘ Heads 5-many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Involucre :
campanulate, obovoid, or oblong, often shorter than the disk; the scales im-
bricated, mostly concave or carinate, destitute of herbaceous tips; the exte-
ally looser and bracteolate, passing into the leaves. Receptacle flat,
alveolate-toothed ; the teeth fleshy or somewhat lacerate. Corolla with an ex-
^. panding 5-cleft or 5-parted vecti Bapithes of the style with ber linear or
oblong stigmatic portions; Ache-
: nia oblong, somewhat t compressed, silky- Afitibns. “Pa cage of copious
t scabrous capillary bristles.—Perennial herbs or suffruticose plants (natives
chiefly of Southern Europe, Northern Asia, and North America west of the
Mississippi), branched from the base, and bearing corymbose heads at the
* summit. Leaves alternate, crowded, sessile, linear or oblong, nir entire,
and l-nerved. Flowers yellow.
- $ 1. pore 20-30- EEO ED as long as the disk.
ái 1. L. Terana: sufifitbscent t at the base, glabrous, not glutinous; stems
. And numerous branches strongly striate-angled ; leaves linear, carinately 1-
: omy ae rigid ; scales of the he emispherical involucre lanceolate, acute,
Ep 2 i imb of the
v Drummond ! Dr. Riddell !—Stems 1-2 fs high, much ube
gt eaves 1-2 inches long, less than 2 lines wide, acute, some-
mes with 2 2 slight =e lateral petet and very minutely and obscurely
» dotted. Heads all more less pedicellate, with few bracteal leaves. Scales
Tu 2 Pina AM MF y
Eg
Linosrnis. COMPOSITE. 233
2. L. Drum mondii : much branched from the voydibetc: base, zinien,
the young heads and Sieg a s runs POM lutinous ; Re ete;
leaves narrowly linear, tapering t base, thickish, obscuri ly 1-nerved ;
scales of the end. Banca closely imbri sated in 4-5 series, rigid, lanceo-
late-oblong ; the outermost passing into subulate 5 racts; c SER somewhat
exceeding the pappus, the slender tube longer than the Gyathiform 5-cleft
; the tri pang wiarlercoolats appendages of the Style much shorter than
the stigmatic por
Texas, Drummond sien Seid, 8-10 inches high; the heads nearly
sessile and so at aggregated at the extremity of short terete branchlets.
Leaves an iudi; Nb an nd a line Side crowded. Scales of the involucre either
pns or slightly pulverulent at the apex, obtusish. Stamens inserted be-
low the middle of the puia pen of the corolla. Ovary si iky. puléacequgue
eet a are imma nother species of this continent, L. Mexicana,
, is ere ny, Schlechtendl ( (Hortus Halensis, t. 4.), and is isiiabin for
its toothed le p
§ 2. Involucre several-(6—10—90-) flowered, mostly shorter than the disk ; the
scales oval or oblong, concave or carinate : appendages of the style triangu-
_. lar or deltoid-ovate, much shorter than the flat stigmatic portion.
. This division includes the Siberian L. omes. L. villosa, (in which the heads
are only 8-10-flov ved L. Tartarica, &c.; in our —— of the latter = heads
_ are only 5.7-flowe
= 9. L. pluriflora: frutescent? glabrous ; EEA angular ; ave very |—
" narrowly linear, x del at attenuate towards the te wee 1-nerved ;
heads 15-18-flowered, crowd ee anc dee 3 at the summit of the small ds
cated, very unequal; lobes of the corolla sie much shorter than the Mis
A poetidages o sr the e sacle Riso obtusish. cU plagis e
Torr. ! in ann. lyc. New York, 2. p. 211, not of Nuit
per Missouri or PP latte ? Dr. James 1 — The lo wer part of th
ourspecimen. Le ut 2 inches long, a line wide, dins
: ofan inch long. Scales of the involucre small, cori
rious margins. - Pappus m ceni unequal. gts dt: die Ligipunls lacerate-
4. L. lanceolata shrubby, sinerete pret b a ba ee leaves. $5
Oa edr-lan eolate, mucronate, 3-nerved, w hy snis cabrous margins ; heads 6-8- ;
owe sed, in clusters, forming a compo ei ples dea
Ka E b yd obtuse, or eei i d acute, ben imbricated in = å
ries, the innermost glabrous, "nue Pa n: s: lobes of the on T
[n]
o
Pagan the appendages pate ig y
mer. ser.
* gi s aa on ids tien) of the X CHER and of Lewis — -
HA DRM ioc d shrub." Le Pies n inch long, 3-4 lines b
t smaller than in the preceding. +
& s Involucre 5-flowered, mostly shorter than the disk; the concave or =
arinate scales oval or oblong-linear : eS fi the - Me ii
b Qui longer than the linear flat stigmatic p ^ y 3 $i
uii $: E ene DE) : F x S y
- x: a
e l 3
> w * bas E. d K i
oe COMPOSITE. Linosyris.
5. L. graveolens: shrubby, very much branched; branches pulverolent
A tomentose, whitish ; leaves very narrowly linear, 1-nerved, glabrous ; heads
(large) Puta clustered ; scales of the involucre few, loosely a i
‘in about 3 se glabrous, carinate ; the aly wey short, ovate-oblong ;
the innermost dde plaia linear; pappus -— fine capillary ; oie gla-
a dracunculoides, Pure? x x " excl. char., which
chiefly relates to pss tata. C. graveolens, Nutt. ! gen. 2. p. 136. Bi
wia dra euneuloides, DC. prodr. 5 p- 329. Chrysothamnus dracuncu-
abides. is n trans. Amer phil soc. l. c. p. 324.
B. leav d the outermost scales of the inv jvolucre; as ; well as the branches,
E 2 more or lend tomen peni ubescent.—C ny ocoma nauseosa, Pursh, l. c.?
eee sig peri DC. * €. Chrysothamnus speciosus, Nutt. ! in
mer. pi c. (exc B.
On the denudated t sa of the Missed Platte, &c. Lewis! Mi pears and
oci in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall ! Aug.—Shrub 9-5 feet h
w a heavy fit the unpleasant, though somewhat aromatic odor; with pir aae
virgate branches, like the common Broom. Flowers abund nt, brilli
ads
a ant .
yellow. Nuit.—Heads narrow, nearly half an inch long. Corolla a little -
al
. « . longer than the, fine and scarcely s BA E unequal and copious pappus,
"slightly dilated pwardi; the lobes Fons one-fifth the length of the undivided
po Stamens inserted low down in the tube. Appenda ges of the style
r-su
ae ced than the ipie portion. Leaves. 2-3 inches + long,
" about a line aes
- L. TE caulis: stem ei" branches densely lanate-tomentose, white;
. , leaves very narrowly linca HM nt (at length glabrous 1), *
E ei es ; tube of the conia beset with very y on villous hair
PW LAT speciosus f. hrala Nutt. l.¢ socoma bx, A
Me upon which we should chiefl rel aa aoe uishing them ; viz.
E n pm of the corolla. dene - >
or gm ati act: ME Bea
rolla glabrous.— Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p.
ora, 7
^ f whi we have see no specimens. The heads are much smaller than in
4: * po A Pappus of firmer hairs, Nes. mama scabrous ; but the habit
| aes ey the plan t nearly th e: à
= H b- | = 5 7 Ten es, y a $ L3 a E "A
humilis (Hook., under Crinitaria): branches sparsely and slightly :
ae i
gl arag
any aap is left to distinguish it from Hooker's plant, ~-
Leitierass. COMPOSITE. 235
- hirsute ; : leaves linear-lanceolate, denticulate-ciliate, mucronulate-acute ;
` heads axillary and terminal ; sog. " the glabrous involucre linear; the ex-
. terior larger and foliaceous. "Hook. l ‘
Banks of the tee nnd —Plant 3-4 inches high, of
- doubtful genus
5 - 42. AMMODIA. Nutt. in trans Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 321.
“a . Heads many-flowered ; the flowers all perfect and tubular. Scales of
the "s E scarious-membranaceous, linear or lanceolate,
l-nerv ed, imbric in few series; the innermost as long as the disk, the
outermost short, A ad Receptacle flat, alveolate-toothed. Branches of
_ the style subulate-filiform, the appendages longer than the flat sex p
tion. . Achenia oblong-linear, attenuate, fusiform, or somewhat compressed, hu
`- pubescent. Pappus of copious minutely scabrous capillary bristles. —A.
perennial branching somewhat hairy herb, with the habit and appearance of
ula viscosa! exhaling a heavy odor. Leaves alternate, oblong, entire,
~ veiny, sessile. Heads irregularly paniculate- corymbose : peduncles some-
what glandular; the pale yellow flowers n- 2 bid in the copious whit
s. bes pus. =7 *
c C Ted o Aqu
D Oregana (Nutt. ! 1. c.) E wi *
On the sand. and gv bars of the Oregon and its tributaries, non e
“gle idc il Xm —Stems a foot high, many from the sam
F . large a Inula viscosa. Flowers all similar ; io canis ende dhay È
“dilated upwards §-toothed. Anthers not caudate
$43, MACRONEMA. Nutt. in fans: Amer. phil. soc. w ser.) 7. p. 922.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 6-8, ligulate, pistillate, or none; :
those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre, few; loose, some-
what in 2 ra Henr eques linear-lanceolate, l-nerved; the exterior .
mostly with f g tips, commonly with one or more foliaceous `-
bracts at the base Waking ‘the upper leaves. Receptacle flat, oe ;
Corolla of the disk somewhat dilated above, 5-toothed. Branches. of tl
style much exserted ; the appendages of the style (in the disk-flowe s) eloi
". gated, subulate, hirsute, much longer than the linear flat stigmatic portion. 3
i Achenia large, much compressed, when mature. longer than the pappus of.
BE ao d viscidl
"n.
dnm
E
a
ches terminated by solitary rather large heads. L
ate, LI sessile. Flowers uem a
§1. m. aed — € a^ c» k
i E M. suffruti Nutt. ! x: d diei s oblong linear or lan solate, acut
ome oe eee à ie I ja e involuer
= des rS ; 9m 3 Pee ic
à + e
jc QM. 00 = : Nba ; ee
* d $ E.
uae the Blue “ae. d xy; 5 /—Stem 6-8 inches Jong, from a low w X
base ed to the summit. ‘Leaves an inch o ru Ine: about 2 line:
a large, with — 30 disk- flow ers and y8 pee os
E g often the oan cie t stigmas with j aie al flore
un ary the fodhaónts mens." Nutt. s* ferru oud pr a
et eads ‘sos di unlike those of Dicteria in (Papp ror coronopi ifolia ree
ty
se r ubten
r Fs a pper obse id iang nals coeds s, scari-
e a
us, not Pos A achenia :
Rs Banks “tale tri Ae ah the Düsar Nuttall! ae
i — pe oce about an inch long, 2-3 lincs wide. Hea
| Kis ‘ E i T : à
2 x
a 44. ERICAMERIA. Nate ot trans: Amer. Pau. soc. 4 ser.) 7. pe 318.
Heads few-flowered ; the ray-flowers 3-6, ligulate, pistillate ; _ those of Pe à ¢
disk 7-9, tubular, perfect. F of the turbinate or cylindrical invo + i
x BA imbricated, carinate-coneav e, chartaceous with scarious margins į.
` outermost short and subulate, fleshy, passing into the level Recep ide E
- , small, alveolate. Corolla with a slender tube; that of the disk infundibuli-- E
"m. the-summit, 5-toothed. Branches of the style. linear-subulate, "he ©
* 'hirsute acute appendages much longer than die stigmatic portion. Achenia ^ :
linear, slender, terete, mostly glabrous. Pappus of copious | capillary. bris- a
doy soul s similar-but unequal. —Dwarf and often a
{natives of Oregon & © California), exceedingly branched and leafy, the .
pect of Heaths. Leaves acerose or linear-subulate, crowded and füscicled |
phe, at the a the branchlets. ”
2 M. be A E
a 1. c.) zsomew 1 lutinousy +
cape ae jm hrii $ scales of
ime ias on T mele misso! IHE Nuttal lif &c.—Shrub G12.
inches high at first S chereue pl sce ae le aves 3-5 lines lo rt ^ ui
2r (vui det rg dimus amenta utin nous; le
cu rays a ie ud bh.
, somewhat acids
p eey s of Orego -
ehed, n 2 cing, ‘brittle : s et, eaves
e pious, in 2 se iE. De igid Teaves
j: sabak: 'eiptinogs ; bas slender, co=
subulate-linear, acute,
about we ^o
: ac
> "a > T
ExicAxEmA. " COMPOSIT E. T 237
i , "
m WD the preceding ; the flowers larger and not perfectly yellow (ochro- . —
. < leucous) ; the branches more cag and open; the leaves somewhat longer
Pe a little b broader the rays often, s not al vica bilabiate, with 2 strap-
shape ments oppose aito 2-toothed. «css Nuttall.—Pappus
EO in Dalkoo sc series, s di capillary bristles neat all equal.
*
PA STENOTUS. N utt. in trans: Afer: ifa soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 334.
x - Heads many- dakwa: the ray-flowers 8-12, ligulatk, rather distant, pistil-
* dato those of the’ disk tubular; perfect.. Scales of the hemispherical involu- '
cre few, oblò vate or orbicular, 1-nerved, — (rarely coria-
ceous) with scarious sies closely appressed and regularly imbricated in-
2-3 series. ‘Receptacle flat, alveolate-toothed. Rays oval-or oblong. .Co-.
gi of the disk idm towards the summit, deeply 5-toothed. Appendages
» of the style broad and flat, withthe pubescent appendages various in form.
Achenia oblong-turbinate, densely silky- -villous. Pappus of numerous soft á
. unequal densely scabrous capillary bristles, commonly bright w white.—D warf (d
"e -. suffrutescent plants of alpine aspect (natives of the Rocky Mountains, &e.),
enéely cespitose, of a cinereous hue, or sometimes covered with a resinous ——
as xudation, the fastigiate stems or scapes. numerous from the ligneous branch-
ing Ede terminated by showy heads (large. for the size of die HE
"euer or lanceolate,. Lo s rigid, — entire, uem
S crowded. Flowers bright- yello : = t
:
ey
*
a
*
Se 4A group of ie vi well malisd. in a and doubtless gne distinct tm *
e be "Aplo 4
-
kd
s $1. Poperiad stems or scapes emocdat ipto and naked, TE TVA
* _ heads Š leaves cinereous : rays 10 t papm ue silky hairs € the ache-
"n nia spaki white. ~~ "n
a S. a ‘acaulis (ute l.c.) : leaves clustered at the ocius et did 13
‘caudex. Mice anceolate, mueronate-acute, somewhat 2 pz e
inue hispid- -sca s; sp nearly leafless ; scales of the near sae. ^ pt
brou involucre bai. ora acute, chartaceous, with scarious m Sy
gms, A seie in 2 series; rays short, often 2-clefi j^ _appendages of t le
eaves scaly i Fock yog those of the a, T 1-2 ie
h smaller, or none,
e -
pygmeus: v very d dwarf; s sspitlate obtuse, so: at 3-nerv
D: liate; the radical as lông aia ee head brac-
eate ; scales of. the Apes EA M s dip iate, rather
linear.
P t
i Ig i.) u 41°, pr. Siete! Y
Es —
e): £d at th «E E
ed eee e): Jait 3-nerved ; m a
ve i. * | ais
sk) Jv'x A
s.
*
€
e composita. i Sore
sca E scales ‘of the involucre roundish-oval
Ká
4. s. iona (Ns E
R "E summit of the wi
Mar S the sit
sepsis cs tos d. P
"rad. Phil. 7. pe a
e es art ck y Meeks ins, towards the sources- oftl thie
aT. As ! Nuttall! r p hs Hte nem
LI mie. p
Qa or ne e 80 ; ledes crowded a at
wly lanceolate or line „acute, .
iple or ae nching scapes 3-4; scales ot d the in
iliate, imbricated
1aceous, erose-ciliat
e-linear, minutely pub
ae Ei
d hai
es & T
& a
E i.
E,
E.
§2. d crowded. on the ioi $ branching AL nre
often c covere with a résinous exudation: rays 19 Pappus. kag nt
4" of the achenia bright white. : i.
um
M
mbra
i m EM
s denique guis gre branched te i branches naked an "
marrow nea n. (T ha
‘aaa
tithe inner as long as the disk; a s of tlie.
X dy much shorter than thé li near. ppenieer rtion.—A plopappus ~“
8, DC. ! prodr. 5. ^p. 247; ; Hook. | Amg yi bot Beech cyan
i rnia Mode! bava. an indie. $ more fe Healey
| diameter; the involucr re looser than in the wo "S à]
fer : es ador short, branched, hairy ; leaves all [eA a
i ire, glance m ads P ; , terminating. the podar
*
E
gek n xs i "a
p -Am. 2. Aes i ar n
2 yb Rapids of thé Te WE aul
. » Doug - Snake County, Mr..
ver allied to A. i wut liu but with different The
t [of accor any of th and t
meds NET. y a tawny or ferruginous pappus in the ngest § RÀ e, «i
ewhat ja al bng a e l
ginous. » ese pies
rice the f 'ibe'inv voluere
Tar D
Erigeron ? florifer, Hooks
hoe
“Ba leaves obo
mm
t
i cm
er ed
g stems nu
tose-cin
sth nary EIOS | d
"^ a4 Y "o Wa wm Ld | LO t
p ‘ . RW * id 4 x.
i i &^ j ETEA ae y~
SYTENOT ‘COMPOSITE. . age dis
A des on Patéid.. declivity afe Rocky Mo Motai ins, Nuttall! /—Stems. x5
inches long, a litt tieslepeet r than the tufted. leaves, the latter 1-9 d v
.wide. Pa = us scanty, of AMA: 2 series of y ee. bristles, speret m CAE
corolla.
` j wA. Les 3 HT u b i * >.
" T d. JSOPAPPUS; x m
ERO om
‘tends several- -flowered ; the ——À 5-12, ligulate, vung: those of e
ES “the disk isk 10-20, tubular, perfect. ku d of the eylindrical- rq in- i
"em voluere lanceolate ub 4 3 series, , appresse "
* small, alveolate, the em nearly Gui». “Corolla ” Oe o. disk dd s
3 “dilated - upwards, 5-toot hed. Appendages. of. the style subulate, hirsute,-
much longer than the stigmatic ee Achenia a linear-oblong, terete, at- *
S us at the base, silky-villou Pappus a single series of. capillary s sca- e
. brous entirely similar and diy equal bristles.— —Hirsuté and
loose y paniculate-branched Diennial | herbs, with small heads on slender a ^
les. Leaves alternate, c. rowded, sessile, lanceolate, 1- zneryed and some- ý
(Coating ker. uno. cien often sparingly serrate. k $E x apa
$4 1 RE di ivaricatus : godere and Uis € y-hispid ; ranche
cy pelitacles slender, divaricate-spreading ; leaves rigid, cec
o Mn MS or ae ot and remotely serrate _taperi
’ ^ nvolucre [inene subula P
.. flowers 7- » rysopsi ca utl. 2
2S i , EU. ! ! sk. e ens. op TAD Nutt. ! pd a Amer
als. iplo rysopsis) divari i -
Mam Set dab eon DC. prodr. 5. p. 317, _ as two sped.
b 2. Nut G «cl. syn. vapa roga relate to
^ ea pea scabra), & Pluk. alm., which: proba ly feptesehits "Chysopss
*
W Nx
F^. ariana;
pry san neat d fields, Georgia! to is Dess and No
ies t deem ld
E
ct E 1-5 feet high, some old,
dice els "i
us, d Ne that T true pee: w, the im dius but in a e
MB le s nder, entirely ud v. e An of equal esed a ve ey r-
few Pe of less hofter—On thee
liar [ns bit, Mr
. plant, cud be pe
of se ing plan
^.$ which, ho
&c.
TU the = » and h
ro ; Em
b le, no ot g bl
2 josie ringed i wi b stles nua
44" _ petiole, sp osm, late vol fri pen onülate, near! Fr
te sede e^ e abri M
: 2) t^
d. : in es
E '. rus uU oF d Te
pa t ga * - +
* L4 : 1
id MD ys . .COMPOSITA. Isoparrus.
1 "e * *
W US otn Je in. specimens. we have examined are in the herbarium of Sir
m. H
Q*
47. "APLOPAPPUS. Cass.; DC. prodr. 5. p. 345, excl. spec. -
` s
i: y ii many- flowered ; ; the ray-flowers numerous, ligulate, puuliste, E
E sometimes wanting; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Seales of the
— - lucre lanceolate or linear, imbricated. Receptacle flat, foveolate, or alveo-
F "1 late and somewhat fimbrillate. Achenia silky, somewhat terete, oblong or x
*
= .turbinate. Pappus of copious unequal and more or less rigid scabrous bris-
tles.—Mostly perennial herbs or suffruticose plants (chiefly natives of the
Andes and the Pacific coast of America); with alternate reu MEE or.
# . so agi leaves. Heads ss or somewhat E:
^ yellow
" "Ec Wi e no species which aes -— with the Chilian Euaplopappi. Some [
+ , of the Aplodisci are most n allie them, except that they have no rays; but
~ the presence or absence of se^ es r be of minor consequence when the capi-
a tula are homochromoys Perhaps Pyrrocoma and Priono ops is hardly deserve
rank of genera, but it is more convenient to separate them *
‘i ^ $ 1. Scales of the hemispherical or campanulate | Prvoliaere. linear lanteolate :
a ` achenia obovoid-oblong or turbinate, silky-villous : pappus of copious and * *
Rs Very unequal but neari capillary bristles: perennial or sufrutescent:,
"T ~ 7 leaves pinnately lobed or incised ; the lobes or tighi pointed ws bristles.—
* P " Brrrnanopox, DC. (excl. no. 9.) : : t y
eh LTA rubiginosus : suffruticose ? branching from the bae viscidly pubes-
d prin and gospel ea Pecan: x e or na TOW y oblong, mostly narrowed
T sessile, Wer fca the divaricate teeth i produced ilito pel-
= Juci ristles ; SEND: ose, lists or A Mes terminating the iy p *
S, ofte bracteate ; = s Ee jnvoluere linear, acute, viseidl
aril in abou ries, |
: E
bo rect or ibd orobo WM 4
CN po bs, 1 aiat "Hed ads wd vete than in Chrysopsis Mariana,
2 ` on short „stout cles. © Rays 15-18, elón
| style oblo j ;
henia silky-canes escent. istles of the pappus in about 3 series ol ia *
Bh ied ‘apparently t t p bhyllocephalus, DC., of Mexico. 4, aa
2. A. spinulosus (DC.): hérbaceous; canescent bes a soft rninutgwoolly *
pubescence, or at length almost abrous ; stems many fr the same root,
I
ll) r K^ eia
TN fnear-subulate,
the numerous = ny |
orter i he yee LT scutes Sublat-iaoeoaty m t ulate, — i
kx se Y Bi ipei: canescent; a a turbin bac y
unequal,— DC. i. c Amellas?. a s india =
Ael descr. does not perfectly aceord) ; Torr! i
Pr Starkea anna, Nutt ]
m A 2 92.
the Rocky
i -
bu
ApLOPAPPUS. COMPOSITAE. | - y
feet high. Leaves an inch or more in length. Heads small. Rays s 90-30.
Corolle of the disk with very short teeth. Style nearly as in the preceding,
but the appendages as long as Pe "rae portion. Pappus short, rather
rigid, very puequal, in about 3 se . E
s
$ 2. Scales of the hentapherizal involucre lanceolate, more or les imbricated : A
achenia oblong or turbinate, villous : pappus of unequal and strongly scabrous
“but almost capillary bristles: stems low, scape-like, from a fusiform caudex,
^ bearing solitary or few rather large heads : leaves chiefly radical, petioled,
ceolate, mostly with cartilaginous or spinulose teeth.—ARNICELLA.
ği
. * Scales of the involucre —— chartaceous, unequal, imbricated i in 3 series:
` pappus shorter than the corolla of the
. A. lanceolatus: stem «and petioles at first Esg at gon, ubt 4
Boos leaves coriaceous; the radical and lowest cauline lanceolate, ^
DE Eri spinulose-toothed, Lee the upper small an DUE s ie $
lanceplate, partly olan ng; heads 2-5; achenia silky.— E
pi. k . Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25. Homopappus deese multidoras,
“A Nutt.: 1 in trans. Am y
Saskatchawan, Brinnon? TUM A ex east and west of. ihe Rocky T
^». Mountains in bout la 41°, Nuttall ! Plant from 6 to 24 inches high. Ap-w ^
^ c pendages of yis ‘la e. about the lengli the stigmatic portion.
aoe 20 to 25, pistillate, and to all appearance fertile.
TS * Scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, herbaceous, nearly equal, poe " e id $% "
Y t mns: PEPE Sart very opinis, as long as the corolla of the disk. E d
uniflorus woolly when young, ; at length abend leave
ngi, de radical Fane eg acute, sparingly and coarsely spinulo se-toot
- or some of them entire, petioled ; the cauline linear-lanceolate, partly élasp-
mg; heads Ne ai etiary itivelucre at length nearly veto 'achenia -
silly-villous.— Donia uniflora, Hook. ! fl. Bors- Am. 9. $: 25, t. 124. Homo-
Cn (e ae uniflorus, Nut "Te
a oes f the e Saskatchawan and oon ath of the niky eis ss
mon es high, from at x da caudex en = "
style. snes R ays 25-30, fert s : e
é 9. A. i inuloides : entose-woolly thro sible: the pubescence moat ne
. persistent ; leaves (ite c acute, entire, or sp mec a ul pe
the radical tapering to the base but nearl ions uc
ucre ve Woo ly; achenia ren omo; pet inu- Á
soc.
zd
Mou eras -of the Rocky ountains ards
Platte, Nuttall |—Plant 3-4 inches to a foot high. ins "Nu |
» pen "the style lanceolate e-subulate. The rays are eR ay app
p. ci d e precedin, a nd
i
a rently fertile. The species is "S. ed allied to ps
» Bapt not distinct diem
khi 9
Lg yi * $
us: caudex thick, branched ; radical leaves say sp «4
E entire, somewhat petioled, a out 3-nery: AN
ding seapiform stems} T
ssim ia. A ina ¢
ae COMPOSITE. APLOPAPPUS.
On Mount pei Oregon ! collected either by igi or Mr. Tolmie ;
_the specimen mmunicated by Sir Wm. Hooker.—Stem or scape 3- 3-4 inches
high, belting or 4 small leaves below thisrnidate, tomentose pubescent neat
the summit. Radi cal. leaves 1-3 inches long, apparently rather fleshy.
Heads nearly as large as in A. uniflorus, to which it is F maniel allied ;
from which we infer the ray (twice the length of the involucre) to have been
er which is oe from the specimen appus whitish, -—€——
1 Achenia at first villous-pubescent, ‘the hairs deciduous. Appe
es, of the style dlntizated- -subulate, much longer than the stigmatic pag
§ 3. Rays wanting.—APropiscus, DC.
* C T sie, as long as the disk; the scales regularly imbricated in 4-5 series,
heri
db Vise marrow scarious margins, slig ohdlh ly herbaceous and spreading tips:
it, the t g (Aplo odiscus gw, Isocoma, Nutt.)
7.. A. Menziesii: stem suffruticose ; the branches d simple, som:
"m what pubescent; hea s in terminal corymbose clusters ; ves s alaisen
or linear-spatulat x
Californ ‘Com
5 x Nuttall! A bril-May. Phat 1-9 feet high.
LS
"iow. as ged as the disk: corolla not e: at the summit.
A5
d nous; He ee branched; heads this jo r spicate at the sum-
` uc = .
a
ose PA YE dig ucrona d lg eading
"t e E ig ( pug
nin. "Capt: Beechey, Foaia | &c. Pig a Gah de Habit of some
| er od Baccharis. Leaves of the "branches an inch long. He Awo-
E thirds of inch’ in length. iraa narrow. E "
E Ri ^ Incolucre hemispherical, as long as the dis; the scales lanceolate, mb icaied d in
sd about 3 series appressed : corolla longer than the very unequal ; pappus "o dilated at
Ex ĉĉ“ summit, ‘Sone ue cos
b. Meu $ a
E | 9. 54. Nuttallii :: > cinereous-tom entose, dwarf ; stems numerous TT D
— Woody or caude ex, leafy, bearing several somewhat corymbose small)
ineifo ate-toothed, the teeth ending in
s in the. oa range, Oregon, Nuttal Pl ant |
h, with the habi peers nuine Apl pappus--
TR. ‘> 54.
E x P mg x *
EX i TN, a €
IU Tnvolucre elongated obconical ; the oblong-linear scales regularly imbricated in mu-.
merous series on the slender cylindrical rachis, with herbaceous squarrose tips, the in-
ook. & Arn.): slightly pae somewhat resinous .
c -oblong, sessile, serr
old somewhat glabrous; appendages of the eyi oblong-lan-.
nia si y: Rs um vinum. t.! im od
r
- * L2 à Ld we xe i wee
* - : f BS
PyYRRocoma. . COMPOSIT/E. ; O g
48. PYRROCOMA. Hook. fl. Bor.- Am. 1. p. 306, t. 107.
Sect, Eupyrrocoma § Bracteose, Dc. —Homopappus (partly) £ Pyrrocoma, Nutt. —
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, but sometimes
infertile or inconspicuous; the disk-flowers tubular, perfect. Scales of the
hemispherical or campanulate involucre rigid, somewhat foliaceous, nerve-
less, oblong, with more or less squarrose or herbaceous tips. Receptacle flat, ý
. alveolate-toothed. Corolla of the disk cylindrical, slightly dilated upwards,
with short erect teeth. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers subulate-
linear, elongated, the hispid appendages much longer than the stigmatic por-
tion; those of the ray often unequal or one of them abortive » glabrous. s
Achenia linear, elongated, somewhat 3-angled and striate, glabrous, rarely
hairy. Pappus (reddish-brown or fulvous) of copious and uni lender
rigid bristles, usually longer than the corolla of the disk, vcpsidi gi Pee
. nial rigid herbs (natives of Oregon), with simple stems; the sho wy per
- terminal or in the axils of the Beni leaves, often sessile. I :
alternate, lanceolate or oblong, sessile, 1 1-nerved, reticulate-veined, , obscurely |
pel Pepu, sharply serrate or entire. Flowers TONS cut
*
Tie blond, very large and. broad, with foliaceous bracts; the rays slender, -
- » . concealed in the pappus or -— (the margins ingalae in dried speci-
c mens), infertile.—EvPvRRoco
T a
1. P.carthamoides (Hook.! 1. €.): stem (and young leaves). ples
iiit ed by a single bracteate head; leaves oblong- es —
nate-acuminate, s ringl Mop: ; the low t tapering i
slender petioles; bracts similar to the uppermost leaves, as in as the t
ohar; corolla of the ray and disk shorter than the gappi emp 4 Vaso
Ore egon, AVE the ‘interior 1) Do oug Ads one rather stout, a font t rico
lu- *
high.. Head more than an inch in 1 diameter; the proper scales of the in :
cre oblong, i ^re á eries, srs than the disk.—'T'he clos
á blance of this plant to the following: idiate species induced us to —
te attentively ; and that the head is a has
osed ; but there is an outer series of rays, which are so conc T
| pappus s'as s readily to escape observation. One of the branches of the =
à T le in these me 7 ssed or abortiv the other is stigmatose, but g
P tet fe MV dte not improbable Je that the ays wl be Ag
od e bea arently infertile.—It is not
is found pne a little exserted. | »
3. . radiata (N ): very rous; | eaves s shitig Ta clasp- - É.
i iim " mr obovate-oblong, entire 5 te : v
- ing; the radical (peticled) get lower c
upper ceca or oblong, sparingly s
Wc and somewhat gary
r 2 inc
lenta! > Bertol much like Ome of Liat
ve, and v rem imbricated in 5 us qe
à "a Soc du = 4: rat a
X ii ; ay k
ih:
&
É.
244 à “COMPOSITE. PrasocótrA:
[reme more x = er -e — T eds: than the disk.
Rays very n rigid, exserted, but inconspicuous, Achenia fully a third
un inch oie pra the Toni o the ri id ex We ing pappus ; the bristles
_of which are barbellate-sca abrous (more so o tha the pre ending. some o of them
very obscurely thickened towards the apex.— The rior cov of t
fruit, or calyx-tube, as in the whole paan is ab apes ‘fons the
ovary.
Pee
§ 9. Heads smaller and fewer-flowered : the involucre scarcely bracteate ; the
rays manifest, and usually fertile—Homorarpvs, Nutt. (excl. spec.)
* Heads hemispherical: involucre imbricated i in 3 series, shorter than the disk: achenia
-— hirsute.
- P. racemosa: stem glabrous, bearing several (2-7) racemose heads
ae summit; the peduncles and the ovate-oblong scales of the bees
pubescent ; s glabrous, lanceolate slightly spinulose-serrate; the up
acute, oblong-lanceolate, partly clasping; the lower he base,
h tioled ; corolla of the disk shorter than the pappus.—Homopap-
pus (Myrianthus) race S, Nuit. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l 332
Plains of the Wahlamet, Nuttall !—Plant 12-18 inches high y
yrrocoma ; but the heads reduced in size (les an inch in diameter) ;
the involucre of fewer scales, and not subtended by leafy bracts; the rays
(15-20) rather conspicuous and fertile ; and the achenia hairy.
* * Heads obovoid, sessile and = clustered: involucre as long as the disk; the scales
linear-oblong, with short distinct herbaceous tips, imbricated in several. serie.
glabrous. (Intermediate ss ie Pyrrocoma and Aplopappus.)
-< F. icit * glabrous; nim branched. at t the summit; the hea
e^
rec leaf ; es of the re ts ie obtuse, mucronate ; rays
slender; young ‘pane slight ly Segak — "te pinoi dicen cblo sime
lanceolate, mucronate, obscurely and T pe ly serrulate; the cauline partly
a
Plains of t nea alla-w a in wet pas Nuttall !—Plant
a foot high; the leaves (enti like a genuin Pyrrocoma) and involucres,
as also in oe "ui owing PN an Tpke covered earl resinous ex
n half an ong ; the r EN fertile. o i
5. P. arguta: gla abre rous; eae axillary and terminal, clustered,
of the involucre lanceo late, acute; rays 10-12; leaves paar
a,
" $3
ceolate, ei lg acuminate, Sharply serrate, the cauline partly clasping. . *
Pl i E Ad tem argutus, Nutt. ! l. E i
ains the Oregon, with the ing, Rep: as similar to t
a according to uen: it : an” more c rmn mble ie"
ing,
ing Bem The ray poe ae inka we have examined = g
y neu
‘tee pad s "i hei lave spain rl
dns 34 “ihe p partly clas,
with t
preceding, N
of dii involucre ange ng, è
*
Prroxorsis. COMPOSITE. — . 245
€ P fa ` , S
My eama N Oniy d
49. PRIONOPSIS. Nuit. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 329.
Heads broadly hemispherical, many-flowered ; the rays numerous (in a
single series), ligulate, pistillate ; those of the disk tubular, perfect, but more
or less infertile. vs of the ee. very numerous, us m
date, somewhet un ,the or spp and foli
broad and flat, un elas: orolla of the disk dighay M up-
wards, 5-toothed. Appendages of the e in the disk-flowers lanceolate-
oblong, obtuse, rather short. Achenia short, very glabrous, somewhat striate,
turgid; in the ray oval; in the disk cylindrical-oblong, or the infertile oblong-
linear. Pappus deciduous, composed of copious and very unequal rigid
scabrous bristles ; the inner series (5-10) setose and stronger than the others,
longer than the corolla (of the redd and much longer than the achenia; the
others successively shorter and more slender.—Stout biennial plants, with
the aspect and spinulose-toothed Maa of Grindelia. Heads large and
showy : flowers yellow.
The short and very smooth achenia, and the payi Pe p form the chief, if
plo
not the only distinctions between this genus and t I
der tn Meme with the South American species to ju to e zm e TR
ves
- P. ciliata (Nutt. 2i ulis stem gun ample or sparingly
Scie boe apical very obtuse, partly clasping, somewhat veiny,
closely an ds wap mme toothed, the teeth " pointed at bristles.—Donia
ciliata, Nutt. ! our. acad. Philad. 2 »* TE e J^ 1M 445 1?
Aplopappus (Leiachenium) c ciliatus, DC. ! pro € 5. p. 3 v P pA]
À Thanias; on t ial banks 26 Great Salt River, Nu Texas, a
Drummond! vbi ar ta about 3 feet high. Involucre an inch in f*
diameter, semalélis t jt cwn Pappus of the ray Vases shorter than in the a
disk, often d eciduous in a ring. Inner bristles of the pappus terete, attenu-
- ^ ate from the base to the middle, and thence obscurely thickened upwards;
the outermost very slender and scarcely memi the agra: the others
intermediate i in size
& ur à
i
-P.? Cha apmanii : stems simple, MH hirsute-pubescent ; Vos erect, A lin
s, narrowly pagt or linear, glabrous, p E tly acute, seta- gany
trate; the radical ones elongated the ‘upperm ost short, some- /— i
ood scales of the invol ucre Masoeoln ate, vidt acute or cus- el
s elongated.
wampe in pike burone Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! "June-July —
1-2 feet righ; bearin tee Siehe. e cringe ‘li snap nici d
i , sometimes
ps an oe in diameters the DE ds er r er yet the disk f
flat, slightly alveolate pi fimbrillate. Rays 0, nar-
Appia os the yle i disk-flowers narrowly la
than cHenia coor) won paid
d, i irs as in the precedin t the bristles $
Se hans nou he 3 nia, and are not entirely sure ,
that ds
* the rays are yellow P ES
* 21 i " E : Y $ & = à
ia : Ld
hi i *
, COMPOSITE. Prionopsis.
2 i
fee E yer C 4.5 :
50. M
Heads many-flowered ; the ray:flowers: about 20, ligulate, vistflanss those
“of the disk tubular, perfect. lnvolucre subglobose ; the scales (few) closely
imbricated in 2-3 series, appre essed, coriaceous at the base, the upper herba-
ceous portion lilated r ombic-ovate, cuspidate or mucronate ; the inner with
scarious margins. Receptacle flat, strongly fimbrilliferous; the subulate
fimbrille nearly the length of the achenia. Corolla of the disk somewhat
dilated above, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style (in the disk-flowers)
subulate-filiform, hispid, 3-4 times the length of the linear-oblong flat stig-
matic portion. Achenia short, obovoid-turbinate, obscurely 4-sided, minute-
ly appressed-pubescent. Pappus persistent, spreading when old, composed
of 10 subulate- filiform rigid bristles, which are flattened and dilated towards
the base, minutely scabrous above, longer than the corolla (of the disk) and
twice the length of the achenia, 10 similar but smaller ones nearly one-half ©
shorter, and usually about 5 still smaller and exterior.—An annual or bien-
nial glabrous herb ; the stem and fastigiate branclies slender, rather thickly
“clothed with linear-lanceolate 1-nerved cuspidate-acute alternate leaves with
scabrous margins, and terminated by solitary small heads. Flowers appa-
rently light yee.
21
ae
*
C. Drummondii. i: ;
Texas, Drummond! Dr. Riddell !— Plant 20-30 inches high; the virgate
= a minutely s ges us. Leaves erect, pale, about an inch long, sessile,
the lower sometim : sli ightly serrate. Heads half an inch in diameter;
the ra: ved -itatdautonldse, elon — e of the receptacle white,
chaffy, united only at the base, setaceous, not unlike the pappus. Achenia. .
^ about a vag gos : mme ong, all fertile, bot d those of the ray often larger than ¥
the maturing earlier; the setiform-sub buisse pap-
i spreading in fruit. Heads in appearance not unlike so e spegies
«t Centaure a
TA >
51. GRINDELIA. Wild. mag. nat. Berl. 1807, p. 261; le mem.
mus. Par. 5. p. 48; DC. prodr. 5. p. S
n Donia, R. Br. (1813)—Demetria, Lagasca, (1814) Er.
em Heads manj-flowered ; the ray-flowers. eme pistillate, in a single se- . .
SET. oes (or very rarely Mene : those of the disk tubular, perfect. Involucre. -
hemispherical or sub ; the scales "n. SPET and imbricated in several-
e series. Receptacle p Corolla of the ray antec th of the disk _ a
te, the hairy appendages
acute, as lo long as the stigmatic tt Achei 'ob-
at ~ oval, somewhat angled, glabrous. Pappus of few (2-8) rigìd or cor-
3 sqm iT
* .
GRINDELIA. COMPOSITE.” — m 247
Heads solitary at the extremity of the branches; the involucre, and often the
branchlets, as well as the (yellow) corolla, &c.c overed with a glutinous var-
nish, particularly when young. Disk-flowers sometimes infertile.
H
I Bc ice (Nutt.) : herbaceous Yo agnus - tennes entire (the lower
pw cun iiis or the d mucronate-acute,
partly clas somewhat fleshy, pellucid- oett: 5t paniculate ; heads ?
(rather veg leafy at she base ; cales of the which with li — ^k
recurved- a appe ges; pappus of 5 or ort and stout nearly te- — —
etc bristles.—JNutt. trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. Gk spe peirar i fol. sub-
integ. Beads anette ib ok. & Arn i: bot. Beechey, p. 147.
California, at St. Barbara, Nuttall !—Mr..Nu pet obtained only imperfect
specimens s, and thinks the plant may perhaps be only a variety of G. gluti-
nosa. The thick awns of the PORE are considerably shorter than the =-
corolla, and not at all angled or bubo
*
2. G. inuloides (Willd.): stem vp at the base, branching and
& pubescent or hirsute-pubescent above; cauline leaves ovate- -oblong, rather |.
glabrous, broader and cordate at the xs naii hein obtuse or rather
acute, evenly serrate-toothed ; emi of the involucre glabrous, vdd into .
linear-subulate spreading or recurved appe endages ; bristles of the pappus
-3.— Willd. l. c. p. 961; Sablon 2 » p. 894 ; Dunal! l. e. t. 15; Bot. rege
p t. 248; DC. diode: gp. 315; Ho dii bot. mag. t3737. e pubescens,
Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad.7. p. 74. G. spathu ulata, Link, enum., ex
Aster Vw nne Hort. Madr. ! E Dens uda spathulata, tikai clench.
"hort. Madr. (1814) p: 20. iuo a, Per
T - br anches, leaves, and inv ucre; 'glandular-haity- Hook. fl. Bor.--Am.
under Doni
Waves ovate- oblong or E ai ee the upper p e
tse mostly PE with glands; achen of th : often s —G. mi
` rocephala, DC. l. c.? (which is x ta iive e a pappus of 4 ewe es.)
¢ - Texas; Belandier t Drummond! ] (a. & y-) Akane: M u! p. Beacons
C» of the Wahlamet, Douglas, ex Hook. Aug.-Oct.—Sent many years ago.
i i Siva from Mexic to the Botanic Garden of Madrid ; ae hnconmnoe in
ation.
*
k E G. Menai (Hook. & rn.) : stem herbaceous, glabrous below, hrig
^ towards the su mit; cauline ae post and partly e a oblong, ob- .
tuse, sharply patriotic, the younger Bbesgetia ener scales of the in-
volucre glutinous, appressed ; the exterior tor jarrose 5
bristles of thé f dau 2-3.— Hook. & Arn. Z bot. Beech zd p- 147, & suppl.
s . MEDI: T 7. (manti iss.) p.278. G. rubrica d 5 dh 5. p. 316.
California, Capt. Beechey, Douglas !—Stem arid p^. nearly simple
Moe purplish. Leaves rigid, 1-3 inches ot narrowly oblong, the
lower oblong-spatulate, reticulafe-puneta few o sro
4. G. robusta soak ape ser glabrous? s stem. “herbaceous ; leaves es oblong,
ordate- ing ;
- Very obtuse, coarsely serrate, involucre leafy dni
E, the’ scales ia into ros ved-sq subul: sente ; :
i i 2 (or m ro Tybid Ni. r p Agins- puc s (n. ser.)
Ert Ts 14. 4 *
T St. Ped ro, Calitril Nuttall! April.— A yery sto t and robust st species, `
* about 1 18 inches high, S. cde biennial. Leaves about an inch broad, one
“and half f fio 2 inches s] long eads very large, more than twice the Mager
_ those of G. squarrosa, w which this. species much resembles; but the leaves are
broadest at d the base. Nutt. P
ml
E G. squarrosa (Dunal): herbaceous or nearly so dabross em coryne
Di
9" "H de + aoe
ee ue 3 "es EI I
&
a
*
D | . COMPOSIT X. | ger
or.
bose nched ; t
ps clon E mass! piene clasping iagcales s of the gluti-
nvolucre with recurved-squarrose or mostly circinate subulate pe
Dun al, js 5
bristles of the pa s 2-4.— e. p. 50; arg appt. ‘hp
“journ. ed. 2 1 j 2
Doni
163; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25. Aurelia oe Cass., ex
Dry plains, om Sa Upper Missouri! tothe Rocky Mountains! and north
to Saskatchawan tending, according to PERE into the woody coun-
try between a a A 64°. July-Oct.—Plants 10-20 inches high. Leaves
of a pale gla s hue, small. Heads n pow small; the involucre not
m half a an rinchi in diameter in the wild plant.
. G. lanceolata (Nutt.) : werk; iens dis fastigiately and vir-
gudly branched; leaves lanceolate e, acute, closely sessile, coarsely spinulose-
rrate or incisely toothed; scales of t stevoltlere wih subulate- filiform
n "ree es, early equal in Mete the exterior loose; pappus
ostly of 2 bristles.— Nutt. !. in jour. aca ad. Philad. 3 7. p. 73.
ane leaves ias yim y spinulose-serrulate, or the upper
y.? leaves short, oblong-lanceolate, partly fede Sine -serrülate 5
scales of the ose n with T: appendag es, more E dete appressed.
Plains of WV estore Arkansas! Louisiana! and Texas! y & 8. Nuttall!
. Pitcher! Dr. Le Pip 9 Drummond !) 1 Tex mond !
Sept—Plant 1-3 feet high ; son larger coe than the preceding "very glu-
tinous; the elongated appendages of the involueral sc recurved and
diee; but acti die: or refl di when "we chui pale, rigid ;
the lower ME as qose. or e times almost pinna atifid, 2-3
inches long. var.
7. G. integrifolia ie: : stem herbaceous, with a few scattered hairs to-
wards the summit; leaves puberulent or nea
brous margins; the upper ones RIRU, bie broadest t the partly clasp-
ing base ; the lower somewhat spatulate- Mini is hoe often ‘slightly
e;, scales e glutinous involucre uced into slender subulate-fili-
“DC! e
form spreading ap ‘appendages; bristles of da páppus filbsily 2.
. 31 a glutin ook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p. 25, (excl. ‘syn-) .
virgata : dee more e slender met eee branched: leaves narrowl
e; he maller.—G. v in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c-
EE bonoi, Dr. Sekri. irwan Niittolt -®© Stem 3-4 feet high ;
Ehe branches and upper leaves as well as the involucre and corolla, &c-, mo
or less glutinous. The leaves rather thi in. Heads about as En as in in G.
squarrosa, or in var.a. larger; tl i
8. G. stricta (DC.) : stem hU chains E , Somewhat ERR glabrous
it the base, sparingly hairy at the “summit; ca uline leaves much attenuate
entire at the base ; the summit oblon ng. acuminate, did. ; pa Sof e
-involucre erect, linear, acuminate. EC LUE (rmm )7. p
ulgrave, on the North t Coast, Henke, fide "De Candolle.—
cannot be confident as to the habitat ~ The character
lis, except the somewhat hairy ‘steiu-and erect seales NS involucre:
- G. humilis (Hook. & Arn.): diffusely haer ni from the base, dw
OU in abrous; gi
at
*
I lower semi with a
heads small;
arf,
iple ; leaves resin ous-dotted, linear-
long at-
LI
[2
E
E t COMPOSITE. E
a. vitis n entire or nearly so.—G. nana f. integrifolia, Nutt. ! in
trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c
B. leaves spinulosé-toothed. —G. nana, Nuti./ l.c
California, Capt. Beechey. Oregon near Fort Vancouver, Nuttall! =
Stems 5-8 inchés high, ne from a perennial? root. HR hs nearly
asin G. squarrosa. Pays ab
0. G. san eis aul herbaceous, pea eae peer stems several
from the — SS fastigiately branched; leave Pati te
Mir da oW essile, somewhat si e -serrulate above; heads
mall; Sae of the fuvolucme with dort subulate squ&riose recieved appen-
dages; $ eiue 2 bristles ; rays none.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l.
a of the Oregon, Nuttall !—-Heads rather smaller than in G. squarrosa,
pe ing the slender stems. (a foot high) or branches. Leaves 2-3 lines
52. PENTACHETA. Nuit. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 336.
Heads many-floweréd; ; the ray-flowers ligulate, numerous, in a single se-
ries (in 2-3 series, Nutt. ): “those of the disk tubular, perfect and fertile. In^
voluere hemispherical; the scales lanceolate, m mucro hu rr a mem-
branaceous, with broad scarious margins, loosely appressed and im
in 2-3 series. ‘Receptacle convex, naked, areolate. Corolla of e ray ob-
» long; ; of the disk tubular-infundibuliform, slightly incurved (the proper tube
very short), unequally 5-cleft at the summit, the sinuses of the exterior lobe
deepest; the lobes ede, lira. Anthers (naked at the
base) tipped at the apex with a appendage. Branches of the
style in the ray-flowers linear, . gars vee exserted beyond the tube,
stigmatose to the ‘summit ; of the disk consisting of a very short and flat stig-
matic portion, 4érminated by a long subulate-filiform strongly barbellate-
t hispid appendage. : Achenia oblong, hirsute, obscurely 5-angular. Pappus
of the ray and disk ‘Similar, consisting of 5 gee rigid scabrous bristles —
slightly dilated (and obscurely connected ?) at the base, persistent.—A. small
and slender much branched an ; the branches terminated by solitary
heads. Leaves alternate, ‘numerous, sessile, epee: involute when
dry, and like the &tém pé qu with Saied wilh us hairs, otherwise gla-
brous. Flowers. golden. ye S
P. aurea (Nutt! 1.6.) o see DA Leu $£/
" use euni ee ms de ril.
M.
m
250 COMPOSITE. PENTACHETA. `
certainly that of Asteroidez, although the appendages are unusually narrow
and prolonged. —
P
Subdiv. 4. HETEROTHECE®, DC.—Rays ina single series. Pappus of the
disk and ray dissimilar.
e
53. BRADBURIA. Torr. & Gray; not of Raf.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in a sin-
gle series; those of the disk perfect but infertile. Involucre hemispherical-
nulate; the scales gei wn qat mucronate, membranaceous,
shining, with broad scariou eran imbricated in 3 or 4 series, appressed.
Receptacle flat, areolate, iid naked. Corolla of the ray linear, twice the
length of the involucre ; of the dat tubular, slender, 5- toothed, about the
length of the involucre. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers included in
the tube of the corolla, narrowly linear, glabrous, stigmatose to the summit ș
in the disk filiform, elongated, barbellate throughout. Achenia of the ray
short, triangular, turgid, villous; of the disk very short, villous, rudimentary,
Pappus of the ray double; the exterior of few unequal short squamellate
bristles; the interior of numerous rather rigid barbellate-scabrous capillary
bristles, somewhat longer than the achenium: pappus of the disk of 2 awn-
like bristles, nearly the length of the corolla, somewhat dilated and chaffy
towards the base.—AÀn annual herb, sparsely hispid with rigid spreading
airs, and giandular-scabrous, with numerous slender and Ege branches.
Leaves linear, very narrow, short, entire, involute when dry; the uppermost
setaceous. Heads nce d terminating the spe a a Flowers DPT
yellow.
B. hirtella.
Texas, Drummond !—Stem about 2 feet high, somewhat corymbosely
branched. Leaves rather rigid, numerous, the lower ones about an inch long,
— sparsely hispid, like the e stem, with long bristly hairs arising from
— wen hat dilated | ws and minutely glandular-scabrous. Heads
pedunc as large as in Chrysopsis ifolia. Involucre at length
oer s d scales nearly glabrous, M semarkabl membranaceous,
l-nerved. Ray.-flow bout 12; the achenia slightly obovate, 3-sided,
rather ne i Pappus ‘of ‘thé di ARN of at rely one) bristles or
awns resemb I| rage um conyzoides: in one of them the chaffy
if it
ae
base is ibi v ing.—We are not sure that de ray is yellow :
prove otherwise, the plat pem beds to De Candolle’s division Astereæ
to F
a amal of his travels in America during
contained a great deal of interesting D A the bota-
i country.” (Short, on Western ern Botany his work we
ES
E. HETEROTHECA. COMPOSITÆ. m 251
i
ta
#
54. HETEROTHECA. Cass. bull. philom. 1817, & dict. 91. p. 130 ; DC.
" Calycium, E//.—Diplocoma, Don.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single
‘series ; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, ap-
ceptacle alveolate, fimbrillate. Corolla of the ray with a slender Meo and
an oblong or linear ligule; of the disk slender, somewhat dilated at the
throat, 5-toothed. Appendages of the style in the disk-flowers lanceolate,
acute, or rarely triangular and obtuse, hispid. Achenia of the ray (some-
times glabrous) oval, mostly triangular, destitute of pappus; of the disk ob-
ovate or cuneiform, compressed, hairy, with a double pappus; the exterior
of very short s squamellate or somewhat chaffy bristles; the interior of num-
erous capillary scabrous bristles mostly in a single series.—Perennial? (N.
erican and Mexican) strigose or hirsute es paniculately branched.
Leaves ovate or lanceolate, toothed or serrate, sometimes sprinkled wit
resinous dots; the lower petioled and often farnished with a dilated auricu-
‘late or stipuliform base. Heads in terminal (and often also in smaller axil-
lary) corymbose panicles. Flowers yellow. Pappus — reddish " 3
brownish. : xs F
1 H. scabra (DC.): stem hispid and apie the beet sape
e
leaves ti veiny, Sac? serrate; th serons bs sessile
or partly clasping ; the lower oval, nies. gag ally ae omei,
obtuse or subcordate at t the base, petioled ; the étions dilated at the base
into a roundish foliaceous vade a lamina resembling ver stipes heads
in a loose spreading or divar orymbose panicle; mewhat _
pu and glan ndular, Vict din the pappus; rays oblong-linear; ache-
nia of the ra labrous; of the disk silky-villous; inner pappu ST. kh:
bij | ina sind series; the exterior "od eode am setaceons lit
prodr. 5. p. uH . Lam l. p. 131
deser.); DC.! c. (excl. char. & md p we ioe: eubaxillaris, i
Inula sax ae uid 3. p. 959, ex spec. in herb. Desf. (fide Cass.
I. scabra, P Ha PA E e Mul. cat. ur us "
Nutt. gen. - Hil. ng E^
a. Bau Ls ; achenia. of the ra dis ng, crowned wi
di
m
ir]
AE
E:
i
%
ety
As
RD
lina. whic ch we bavét p MS ps esent the ** marginal cup" crowning by at
achenia, as describe ‘by Enine z MES his propa generic name alludes
and this disk p um
isk is un ly n lete or very inconspicu s in our ;
im the Western sens 1 rckii of De Candolle, asto _
the plant in his herbarium, we believe to be a state of the i
ray-flowers as EC (a pape,
hav
; st bar is by) sperms Be appropriate, excep Er m
"i &. ^
ue * y ar
a le E "D Uo ^
* è a
d 252 COMPOSITÆ. HrrrROTHECA.
state of the plant, or when the corymb has been injured, in which case it
often produces short axillary flower-branches
nr grandiflora (Nutt.: very villous, oso and viscid above;
Sen wi dirus obtuse, sparingly. toothed ; the upper sessile or nearly so
mn a tapering base ; the lower tapering into long and slender petioles, which
what dilated at the base; involucre gl: landular-viseid boo E
si pubes, of the disk silky-pubescent ; exteri r pappus e, short
conspicuous.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. 1. €. p. 3 315. s Dinis
pele Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 2. p.
N. W. Coast, Menzies ! in her b. Hook. (probably California i np on
dE ie ux EN Nuttall!—Heads larger than in H. bra,
bt anillo ise n H. inuloide " distinguished from the former [e the
character ass and “ae te short and triangular obtuse appendages of the
styles; from Te € by the Mine: Mesa E aly slightly toothed leaves,
istinct exterior pappus, &c. In our ae of H. inuloides (Mexico,
Hartweg), the disk-flowers present an une ee ppus of. copious capillary
rec forming 2 or more series, but w ith 1 no o Blasi squamellate prend
rior pappus ; thus bolas the same relation to Aplopappus, that the
Mer species do to Chrysop
bdiv. 5. Curysorsipem, DC.—Pappus of the ray and disk similar,
double; the exterior short; the inner copious, capillary. fs
e : &
55. TENE. Nutt. gen. 9. p. 150 (§ of pena excl. spec. ; Ell.
» 2. p. 333; DC. prodr. 5. p. 3
Heads many-flowered ; ‘the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single
series; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre linear, im-
bricate. Receptacle somewhat alveolate, flat. Corolla of the disk-flowers
‘tubular, 5-toothed. Branches of the style mostly terminated by linear or
linear-subulate hispid appendages,’ often longer than the flat stigmatic por-
tion. Achenia obovate or linear-oblong, compressed, hairy. Pappus of the
disk and ray similar, double; the exterior short, squamellate-setose or some-
what chaffy ; the interior of numerous elongated and scabrous capillary bris-
tles. Perennial, rarely annual or suffrutescent plants (all North American),
mostly villous, silky, or woolly ; with oblong or linear usually entire. and
leaves. Heads trainen the "T often — mA
c
H
*
Flowers yellow.
*» "i l, Perennial : leaves gramineous or Pu nerved : achenia Siale,
at le attenuate at each end, or fusiform : "exterior pappus eru or
squamellate-subulate.—Prrvorsis, Nutt.
ia (Nutt.) : thickly clothed with - aski ressed >
mbosely b ed above, leafy ; leaves ieg or
ing, nervose, entire ; the upper gee? and those
ppressed ; heads segnes n ewhat pupa k
turbinate involuéte linear and yubescent |
ular; Fassa - Sat e. ne
(m MIX r pam 3
f F
E
=
*
Mit.
Xe
d t
E
idi "COMPOSITE. 953 a
gen. 2. p. 151. Erigeron nervosum, Willd.! spec. 3. p. 1953. E. glandu-
losum, ed. = Y Diplopappus graminifolius, Less. in Linnea, 5. p. 310.
ompan. to bot. mag. 1. p. Pit ityopsis (Sericophyl-
LO Pia. $ argentea, Nutt. in cat s des phil. soc. (n. ser.)
B. achenia n —€——Ó stem less “ez! towards = summit.—C. argen-
dpt Nut. k c; EU erR Inula argen se Pers. Bae 2. p
€ 2609. a pre T zraminifola B. enifa, Torr.! in ann. lye. ao York,
2. p. 2
Dry ids vei cele ca to Florida! Alabama! and RT bancs A
July-Oct.—Ste t high, usually leafy throughout. Leaves with
both surfaces iei dun e ining ; the pubescence at ees often Die rs de-
aquae: the leaves of the branches somewhat subulat eads variable in
size. Pappus whitish or brownish.—This species varies ie as to
tie. size and Preseli of the leaves; but C. gentea can scarcely be distin-
guished, even as a variety. In id Du Pus dnvoloet e is either manifestly
or very slightly glandular, and s sa p Bern mse takes the
p ce of the silky hairs on the buche and pedune
C. oligantha Maru mss.): stem simple, slender, glandular -
eked above, bea 2-4 heads; ean es G ate or spatulate- Dex eas
silky with closely appressed shining dein ervose, entire ; heads on elonga-
ted naked peduncles; sc of the campanulate e involucre iiM ded Ed
gate: glandular, somew what pubescent achenia ides elongated, silky-vil-
8; exterior pappus nearly se
; ^ Dari pine barrens. of Middle “Florida, Dr. Cha apma April-May.—
Stem 12-18 inches high, somewhat leafy and silky saa the middle, but
yr ith : |
pus are wholly similar to the preceding.— We have seen i; Masi an specimens
almost intermedi ate between Ibis à epe e the p
cro wiad. aea line ear, seid, carinate-nerved ; the ae aceous 5
wheads mostly solitary terminating the bra nehlets ; inner scales of ts nvolu-
cre linear-lanceolate, somewhat membranac eous anc ane diii. * the
apex; mau Suen, singe oO
*
exterior P somewhat chaffy or squa-
mellate.—Ell.! sk. ed 5; DC! pr odr. 5. p. 326. , Erigeron romo-
flexum, Poir suppl. 2 ep. 4 Pityopst sis pinifolia, Nutt. ? iis ee fs
Sand-hille ik ong the Pt pu Chatahoochee Rivers, , Elliott!
| Sep.-Oct.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Lower leaves 4-6 inches long. Heads
“rather large. - i "Exterior pappus very short, whitish; the interior reddish-
4
4. C. faleata (Ell.): stem lanate-villous, offen branched ; ao T
linear, mucrona rigid, ci A or BU. about ipid
n . dis.
rior —Ell. ES e.
falcata, Lee fl. 2. p.532. l : :
7 Pit tyopsis : ul? ! 4n trans. - 80c.
Je ng Island, New York! ‘Connetticat,
bbins ! Nantuc p Ne Lu Mr. T. A. Green ! July-Sept.—
s high, stout, very jerry Pappus
s VOTE
M * 3 ‘. a E |
(DA COMPOSITAE. — Cungsorsts.
e : ;
i § 2. Perennial : leaves o * Je lanceolate, somewhat veined : achenia ob-
" ovate or oblong, compres. Evcurysorsis. a
.
, . €. Mariana (Nutt.) : villous with dong and weak somewhat decidua
aot hairs ; em mostly bes dal eu leav es membr anaceous, her. s or ellipti-
cal, e, or remotely hat veiny y.
the sy aem Mosely. sanle; m. = T tapering to the bas a somewhat
petioled; corym mostly sim ple ; peduncles gl:
* Exterior pappus manifest, setose or squamellate-subulale.
2. p. 1240; oed (M p. ». 531. Aster Caroliniarine pilosus, &c., Mill. .
bot. mag. 1. p 5 ;
-Darlingt. fl. Cest
f : PE ix
Sandy and barren ds soil New York? and New J m E be ‘nd
~ Louisiana! common ate .-Oct.—Stem 1-3 feet high. s villous
with sparse very fias an d silky hairs, or sometimes ‘nearly pois, mostly
obtuse ; the lower 3-5 ires long. Heads rather large. ‘Papp
6. C. trichophylla (Nutt.) : ‘villous with very long and weak Vid woolly
hairs, glabrous towards the sum mit; stem sim nple or bran ems below, very
leafy; leaves narrowly oblong or lane olat ely sge te,
obtuse, somewhat mucronulate ; the upper Foes o orn ey often n care
s ps the lower Baer te saree veiny; corymb simple Seat
e peduncles glabrous ; scales of = hemispherical-c nulate
ores cre lanceolate-linear, acute or mucron e, glabrous or minutely glan-
dular; the points often udiewhat foliaceous End cor s ac Figs a oblon ng-
obovate, Ue ids. poris hairy or villous; exterior D. early seti-
# p milies gen. 2. p. 1 de sk. 2. p. 336; Pi 7 . 5. p. 327.
ssopifl p rud dona s` oblong-spatulate, in dense very woolly
^tufis; pee e linear- see or narrowly linear, bier pilose or
5 PIS involuce e glabrous.—C. hyssopifolia, Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad.
Dip op pue trichophylla? Hook. ! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 97. .
(tant f from Fie le.) ~
stole! to Florida! and Spem 5 ? dans on Louis-
2: iana! ves g.-Oct -—Stem 1-3 feet high, someti oosely co-
—.. rymbose at ihe summit, pla few leo v tn v branched Fom "ese, viti
: ymb. a as large as in C
Well described ie intermediate between ms latter 2d C. goss yos; Ju
^ tis
koeni oth by the much narrower ats aabecan b
and subulate appendages ^ A style, &c. The foliage va- “
T mes through riety “of forms into var. 8.; in which they are sometimes Ea 5
, more: fhan a line m vásisklo i in form, m either glabrous or hair Do
that. we ~~ sate tasas separ aie.species ee
et
f "7 & ossypina Ses very densely ye ae Mi. acomplia:
leaves ) or ree ec obtüse, entire; the upper ones closély sessile see
we l heads co ntinet ot somewhat t panicled ; scales of the in
ET t woolly; achenia o e dE somewhat
sk. 9. p. 3373
iien a mee Seil Nutt. ae ŽEN.
327.. Inula gossypina, Michr.! fl. 2. p. 122; Pursh,
Lam. reca 3. ae 259, excl. s syn. fide "DC. Erigeron
»
4
* smaller plant than 1h villosa, (6-8 xs heh which i
„sembles. Pappus tawny ; ahs ca rigid, white. AA cn di
"E “there 3 are numerous aromatic ri us glan nds spread cd n
COMPOSITAE.
inches long. The whole plant —— p Mir co and soft wi
‘covering. Heads rather larger than Maria
e. marked with 2-5 eraai sit.
. C. scabrella: pulverulent-scabrous throughout ; stem stout, corymbose-
, lea re
j aha above, leafy; leaves o ong-lanceolate, mucronulate, e
m ies » i
ob ong-obovate silky-villous ; exter or pappus BERN ad seti
In oods, Flor Ax dd Teen aic ! Sept.-Oct. RRT
oolly
Pappus Lieu
high.
Leav M as larg n C. Mariana, but narrower, rather firm, totally
„Biitit, as is the whee pila nt, of silky or woolly hairs. Corymb fasti
“rather dense. Heads a little smaller than in C. “Mariana. Pappus
9. C. villosa Ou: stem villous-pubescent and sparsely ied
giate,
pale.
erect; ~
simple or corymbose, very leafy ; Berger canescently strigose on both sid
mucronate, entire or rarel with a sha arp scattered teeth, hispidly ciliate
wardsthe base
er oblong-spatulate, tapering at ase; p solitary or somew
rymbose at the extremity of the bonia t pe
salat auri e
nia obovate, villous; exterior pappas setose-squamellate.— Nutt. / 1. c. ;
po 5 cn gie Pursh, . p. 564. Mie os ee M rivi n å
SR. ; Hook. §
Jt. 2
2, & compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 9
-1 doti
on
Prairies of Illinois ! and the plains of the Missouri cour d &c.
-— in Alabama, Mr. Buckley!) extending beyond the R ocky Mountains j
Ore ouglas Hook. Jul
s! California, Capt. Beechey! in herb.
et high. a
; the ri gid pubescence closely appressed. Heads
Rays about 25. Pap he S ey or nearly white. Appendages of the
L oe rather obtuse
w
eaves an inch or more in length, 1-nerved,
large
style
C. hispida (Hook.): hispid throughout with uniform spreading hairs; .
t the
branche s somewhat corymbose ; leaves oblong-spatulate, narrowed at
BÀ igicur hat petioléd ; the radical on long pedu ncles ; scales of the i in-
hai
voluere narrowly linear, acute ; achenia Mer hu iege
pappus sütidiliellnte. El ok.! fl. Bor
DC. prodr. 7. p. 279 ; Nutt. ! in iran: An ie il. s
On the ' Saskatcha awan, ner ardson ! Roc Y Mounaing Nuttall
a
*
w re Exterior pappus setose, sree crs densely silky-villous: ple hee
. . Catnescent or silky-villous : leaves entire. [p : Leucopss, DC tnn * 5
J
in part) =
10. C. mollis de vei | silky-canescent As - lea
long, most] Sans ec i ea sessile, the — ap ns
what rel d; heads few, mbose; sc; exer vil an
voluere linear-lanceolate.= Nati ! ! in tran ej
latte, wi
* Plains of the he biling: visit it chee fe
the. , not the least
scabrous, nor an here cil
IMS ie
` exterior d
245 2 Tam Diplopappus) EN
hi e. p. 3
bes
Pea
í
eh, Lh d i * A X
X P AÁ "uu
> age ^ COMPOSITE. . — CuHsopsiS. ^
*
F 3456 sua (Nutt.) : om canescent with a es ei ges pu- i
+ and at the same time scabrous ; stems very le afy to € me
Fermo oblong or elliptical, obtuse, mucronulate, not tapering to the ba sé,
closely sessile, or slightly clasping, with very scabrous margins; nes lower
imes fri with brina tow pat a base; hea ua stie -corymbose
s crowded, nearly dra inv nulate, can nt, rather shorter
than the -— "m linear- atate es The Fubicstod. — Nutt;
trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c
Plains of the Plate, in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! . Aug.—
, many from t oot high, canescent with "xe soft. Spreading
_ hairs, but peo did Dubai deciduous pubescence very s Xa m
ves about an inch long, and pee an inch wide, tse] RIR, am
rough beneath this covering. Heads smaller than in C. villosa, with Shomer
i Pappus brownish. Allied | to the following.
a . C. canescens any -canescent throughout, ne at the base,
^ ens SNO hed, qid; ms and fasti RT branches very leafy; leaves
blanceolate or ria ate-oblong, mucronate- RRE tapering to
the base sessile, fringed below the RS with long and scattered rigid bris-
tles ; heads m mostly solitary terminating the crowded branchlets; scales of the
cam panulate involucre oboi Eon bo mbricated, canescent. —Aplo-
Pappu is) C.I d
? (Leu ;
ept.—Variable _
1 of the branchlets much ip Pe
the branches ait a bear a fed uires like those so conspicuous on th
margins of we leave a and pappus (oen. Riu dan
nearly as in C. foliosa, t. Rays rather numerous and shor
$ $. Exterior Pare day) but AE out ae inner nearly in a single seri
to the wpper leaves. (Phyllotheca, Nul R
s spew or linear-oblong, acute, sessile, en-
ed itary, mis Sn the fen neeolate involucrate bracts;
scales of the s involucro e eet te Keen rather longer than the disk.— »
mer. phil.
* — ! in p
ning alifornia, Nuttall! ee 2[ Plant with “a heavy aro-
4 Bis odor and bitter ray " clothed with slender viscid hairs, with shorter :
ecce hairs intermixed. Lea p
ed **with e
13. C.? pem sd (Nut): hirsute throughout with spreading viscid
hairs; sigra c : ie j
ments of stamina
one th
ru
te oe oblong, oae: prs a
" - : villous wie very so ap i
4 * ; minutely i HS stem simple or d oid :
m he e per cd sessile, acute or mucro te, €l : i
uA m to the base, ten toothed ; heads poe 0)
branches; scales of the h hemispherical involuere Pillar t linear, >”
villous and viscid, almost equal, as long as as (didi achenie por
x : 3 ig "
‘ ` gx * hy T rs
Sa ^. . a Eu
IMS iT M "
E. > Cumsopsis. COMPOSITE. * 257 **
Pine woods and open barrens, Arkansas, Sipen! Dr. Pitcher! Lou-
' isiana, Do Leavenworth! Dr. Hale! Dr. Carpenter! Texas, Drummond!
- . July-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet high. Heads miss "hah in C. villosa, with
numerous elongated rays. Appendages of the style elongated- i n ue
à than twice the length of the stigmatic portion. | $ pappu wnish ;
exterior whitish, the scales linear-oblong, about one-third the. length of P.
achenium, slightly denticulate, firm.—The lower leaves are sometimes laci-
niate-toothed or incised.
Subtribe Baccnaripem, Less.—Heads discoid, never radiate, dicecious or
monecious; the fertile flowers Sake filiform and truncate, and when monc-
«+ cious in several series, with the sterile flowers in the centre. Receptacle not
ehaffy. monere not caudate at the base.— Leaves alternate.
ee 56. CONYZA. Linn. (excl. spec.) ; Less. syn- 1 P.. 203.
‘Mesi many-flowered, monccious; the exterior pistillate and fertile, in
many series, with a filiform truncate or 2-3-toothed corolla; a few of the cen-
tral flowers stáminate, sterile, but often styliferous or even fertile, with a
unter 5-toothed corolla. Scales of the involucre in several series. Recep- |
le flat or convex, punctate or fidofilla ate. Achenia compressed, attenuate -
t the base, usually glabrous. Pappus a single series of capillary scarcely”
scabrous bristles. —Chiefly tropical herbs, with branching stems, and vari-
ously incised leaves. Heads peduncled, corymbose or ng atie Flowers
allo ow.
*
és E . C sinuata ei): annual? hairy, somewhat sca abrons ; lower pen
g dide: the lobes oval, acute; the upper linear, entire; heads paniculate;
Scales of the involucre linear-subulate i flowers white, all fertile ; ‘hank
i ll. sk. 9. p. 378
Soare Eri-
geron. d —This plant is ae unk us and is probably d
indigeno "s appears to belong to Conyza npe, E Dine habes t the Am x
"oa, OB species of which frequently have the central flowers perfect and itale..
LA
Spreng. Aecording to De Candolle, a specimen of this plant in.
: Kolsi s is g. Ace to meis bon ole at Mulgrave Sound on the Pacific
is st it t there is Saige. ape mistake as to the ascribed habitat oft and |
A rs ke s plan
6. s. BAccHARIS, Linn.; Michz. fl. 2. LE 195; DC. rod: Ap 398.
. Heads s many-fowerd dimus: the, PP. a tubular and similar. D E a
volucre somewhat he erical or oblong; the s iles imbricated in several
E series. Seis nak ,or r rarely somewhat chaffy. Corolla in the sterile *
. ewhat dilated and 5-cleft at the summit; in the fertile. filiform,
__somew hat truncate. Anthers exserted in the sterile flowers ; entirely absent '
“in ‘the fertile. - ‘Style in eitile flowers exserted; the branches glabrous ; i :
© the sterile ti ith an ovate hairy appendage, often more or less abor ;
ia ribbed or grooved. Pappus capillary ; 6f the sterile plant in a sine |
VOL. u—33 —
x
Li
oe
ET 2o fpr 9. E DM
ges * e "1 aT n " * "
© 958 oe . COMPOSITE. Bageni x
gle series, often tortuous or somewhat plumose- penicillate, about the lode!
of the involucre ; of the fertile plant in one or several series, not thickened or
penicillate at the apex, usually much longer than the involucre.—Shrubs,
very rarely herbs (nearly all American), commonly glabrous and resinous, or -
ous. Leaves mostly alternate, entire or toothed, often decurrent on the
branches, forming either a foliaceous wing or narrow a Fiowere
mostly white. i d
* ; b E ^ Lu
* Natives of the United States. — s >
Mb. angus tifolia (Michx.): glabrous, od branched ; ‘the nihii
ee oe leaves narrowly linear, sessile, entire, rather acute ; heads about
20-flowered, axillary, pedunculate, and cancel clustered at ‘the su mmit of
the branches, Hininga a loose pan L scales of the ed ovate-lanceo- -
~ late, acute.—. war acd Rem af ; Pursh, fl. 2. p.95 ; EU! aki 2. p." N
318; DC.! prodr. i. a
‘Sea-coast S Corclind! 1o Flofida! and Louisiana ! _ Sept.-Oct.—Shrub -
6-10 feet hich, Heads sm
S oH. halimifolia xS. Te udo. somewhat scurfy-glau-
" cescent; the branches angled; leaves obovate, oarsely a x eee pr d
- above, cuneate at the base and somewhat desse into a petiole ;
R
up-
nceolate, entire ; heads of the sterile pun subglobose, Podicellates c
ed
ost lai
Å solitary or aggregated ; the fertile loosely somewhat pa anicled ovate-oblong ;
scales of the sterile involucre ovate ; the inner 2 s elongated in the fertile.
DC.—Linn.! a 2. p. 860; Michxr.! fl. 2. p ; Pursh, fl. 2. P Sio
Pee ae Seis ; Duham. a ei. (cd. 2] 1f 603 "bc! prodr. 5. p. 4
í Senec ih Tinian ppp: —Herm. parad. Bat. 1.225. Eidheyso
= affinis, &e., Pluk. alm
z 2 San ak or Cote New York! and New Jersey, and through-
E out the low country of t e Southern States! ** owing Mpeg -
T ob r brackish soils,” EL. Sept.-Oct.—Shrub 6-12 feet high. Pap
the fertile flowers very long and slender. -
ia B. - glomeruliflora (Pers.): shrubby, very glabrous; the brane hes an-
“gled; leaves er cuneate-obovate, attenuate. yee a short petiole, obtuse; -
ydq obovate-oblon ng, e ; heads sessile and
ctowiled in the oa er the leaves; the ster s involucre Sampanulate, with
the scales oblong and iiie. "DC. —Pers. syn. A Pursh, |. c.
Sor. eae Michz.! 2. p. 125; Ell. sk. n p. 320; ac Vahl..
a Damp pine barrens along oe à. cse die not in Pack soils, Ell.)
wn wy irginia to Florida! and Louisiana! Sept.-Nov.—Shrub. 3-5 fee t high.
* Leaves ud green. Pappus of vey fertile qum very long, as M ceca
: andolle, from whom we have taken the characters of this spe-
eins DR) halimifolia, places the two at. considerable distance from each
*
X.
p.
*
os
£e
; >
< ~ other; and authors appear to have no doubt of their distin E he. if 3e es å
^ deed we are simy e ae with „the present species, we oc
guish them i
Y. 4. B. meret e ? shrubby, capto branches angular; ; leaves mostly o *3
late; the uppermost pen 2 vw omii, viscid y
e ier de in per ovate, as well a ooth les.”
- in trans. Amer. mm soc. gas E 7 De Paa? a the “name ¢ B. sä-
ia, . aff.
mE 2. p. 211 vae
E Ne allied to B. omerlitor. More or less “
ctate. Leaves sory obse T K DER
Li Dr cael this pie n on do Canad LI
"S y : A 2
5$ E Lo , die. tie l a4
A EO x I Il
A Baccnanis. “COMPOSITE. 259 4
g s t ‘ 4
-= eimens are not sufficient to allow of our por. any opinion respecting the ;
* * Natives Y^ California,
5. B. consanguinea (DC.): shrubby, mist branched, glabrous, viscous
es young; the Lea ade doesent: angled ; leaves re ob sir
form, obtuse, with 2-4 rigid acute teeth on each no eads sessile at the
summit of the branches a branchlets, solitary, or mostly aggregat Sfr i
glomerules of 2-4; scales of the involucre in the ferti le heads oblong- -linear,
w
obtuse, with a membran aceous somewhat fimbriate margin; the innermost
~ "Father acute. . DC. prodr. 5. p. 408; geh & Arn. bot. Bee sarchy, = k
p. 352. B. glomeruliflora, Hook. & Arn. l.c. p. 147, exc r. B. (
i MESS now refer to B. pilular
California, Menzies, Douglas, &c i = 6 lines long, about 3 broad,
= étighity sate above, DC. —Hooker & re es ‘til doubt Men this —
ME be really distinet from B. glomeruliflora, or from B. pilul
6. B. pilularis (DC.) : somewhat shrubby, much br abelied; glabrous and
" “viscous; the Trane ML leaves ses ssile, obovate-cuneiform, obtus e, en-
- tire, or often SUY tóorhe, 1 -nerved, . "P ; heads glo
| e the summit of the bra on the ax ary branchlets, bracteate with mi- 4
. mute favis; eala of jhe ae pra in the sterile e oblong, rather acute, -
the margin te tt ds and somewhat fimbrillate at the apex. *.DC..
“© _ prodr. 5. p. 407; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c
oe California, Douglas, Nu ttall !—Leaves x lin kado ong, -and a broad; the
l uppermost shorter than the Ney a nd out 2 lines in diam Fe ide ¢
b
plant unknown. DC.—* In specimens ‘of the fertile plant, e rite are
- oa denti esc three-fourths of a n inch ng. $a half an inch in. *
: the capituli ary or by thre oe sm with 10 3
Fo the pappus d erp as length. © a shrab 30 or T feet high. It ap- š
M ^
Meg angled above; leave ort ] tithes, lanceolate, acute, erra
i i ound, some-
'gin
t M iar taiteilee ng; 5-6 lin wide? the er narrower; pappus of the y
sterile iis whitish, as Nor as tbe involaere.) DC. prodr. 5. p. 400... .
ade Hook. & Arn. bot. Beechey, p. 147, & suppl. p. z under
B. Woglasit, and by mistake pee g viscosa gra
poe : d (n: - Ser.) 7- p. 337. Molina, genre Less. in, Linnea, aj -i
* it
0
; alitor Chamisso, Capt. Beechey, Douglas , Nut ti /—This plant,
pu which Lessing and Nuttall oe e for B. Pingrea, E Arnott a 3"
‘that they are stil unable to distinguish from the "Chili oM |
: 8. B. viminea (DC.): shrubby, glabrous; branches iunt, xm cae. a F
late-nerved; leaves short peti etioles, oblong-lanceolate, acute at ateachend, |
‘slightly 3-nerved at tho kasd | minu X
ceous. $ E - §. Arn. |
California, 1 las,—Fertile plant unknown.. Leaves 12-14 lines
pen and scale-like. ee the sterile - f
n the involucre. DC...
F r
€. i
=. 260 ; COMPOSITÆ. nii
"i ^
-$ Subtribe 3. TARCHONANTHES, LE —Heads discoid, never radiate, di-
cecious or heterogamous ; the fertile flowers tubular-filiform, mostly truncate,
when heterogamous with - the perfect or staminate flowers in the centre.
Receptacle sometimes KRE Anthers caudate at the; base.—Leaves
*
ernate. ;
, CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA.
* Pappus of the sterile and fertile flowers similar, capillary.
* M yj 1
58. Prvcini. Involucre oem Heads in compound — AS
; 59. PrEROCAULON. Invol re deciduous. Heads spicate. t
i hn Pappus oft the eril and {rtia flowers none. Receptacle flat or conical. `
+ Flowers all fertile.
"
60. CALYMMANDRA, Achenia of the perfect flowers daty enclosed Si the chaff
+ + Staminate flowers few, sterile. >
61. Finacixopsis. Fertile flow s, in the axils of narrow equal chaff, : *
APERIA. ` Fertile flowers 8-12, in the axils of broad unequal concave poe Jj
"53. Miorot. Fertile flowers 5-7, enclosed in rigid gibbous scales. d
y 64. PsiLocanPnus. ‘Fertile flowers numerous, enclosed in membranous chaff, i
; .* * * Pappus of the sterile flowers of jd bristles. Receptacle columnar. =
65. Cie P: oe numerous, enclosed i in the saccate keel of the broad *
1
:
A
: ^ PLUCHEA. ‘Cass. bull. philom. 1817; p.31; DC. prodr. 5.. Aus.
i : Stylimnus & Gynema, Raf. (1819. 5 SAES Ell. (1824.) fie
uw Becta ma many-flowered; the central flowers mostly perfect, but sterile; the’
filiform, pistillate, in many se ries. Involucre imbricated. ^ Recepta- i
. * ele flat, mostly naked. Corolla of. the fer rtile flowers truncate, or. mi-
* nutely 2—3-toothed ; of the sterile dilated and 5-cleft ; the summit.
*
rs
Ms bicaudate. Style in the central flowers entire or | min ely 2-toothed. Ache- "
pe nia somewh: grea angled or grooved. due. [i pill ,inasingle |
"series, find y scabrous.—Herbs; or rarely suffrutesc pla s (mostly oo — 4
, dular, emitting a strong and ‘som reeab
* Ls Leaves er or vigi serrate. Heads in Ta a bs.
7 p mostly purplish.
e - eR *
dee bc. ): pubescent a and slightly visci anceo- =~
, Somewhat cot clasping ai th , mucronately serru-
hier os t x global heads in comp S4
45 Con Zz , . i
* pet p- 451. yza bift spec: ‘
Pursh, fl. 2. p ; Ell. sk. 2. p.322; Hook.. <
+ amp S, Tix. ! Jl. 2. p. 126. &
A »
PrvcnrA. | .— COMPOSITR. wp
pi Lo SERI July.- -Sep —2[ Stem E feet ae Las 2-3 inches
j eg rather acute. Elara dull purpl
»
. P. fetida (DC.) : me DUM DES ent; leaves (large) imde
iis. very acute or acum e-at each end, distinetly petioled, membra
— almost glabrous, cosspiitolaly featlidf- ede aie sed corymbs "A
A panion ; pia P the involucre T nd . dotted with minute
Pole DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 452. E syn ash & me d P. E 6 o
in di 2 97
E Gy esi enata & T Raf. ! ann. gm p.l 59 & in herb. DC
NE ong streams, &c. Pennsylvania? to Alabama! and een X
Western States!” Aug.-Oct.—21 Stem strongly grooved or angled, 9-4 feet
to
feetida of Tinis was ne founded ; but the figure of Dillenius here cited
_ doubtless was intended for this nati e Erigeron camphoratum, Linn.
` hort. Ups. &c. is pretty clea arly the following. 7a aoa Wer tho sy-.
^ Tonym y of De Candolle, but reduce (wo Dis s species to ML g
* ac eed iri (DC.) : minutely viscid- bce and diu leaves.
4 1 ate-ovate oblon ong-ovate, pes or slightly mos pale and. mi-
nutely p jer reni ‘apd sprinkled with resinous Sebai es both sides, slightly
p -feather-Yeined, repandly serrate ; ri ie fastigiate; scales of t A infest
nie pe and viscid, eiliate i box a& P. Marilandicai, De
-F E phoratum, c. 2. p. 864;
3. p. 1960. Uaa cee ee lth. t. 88, f. 104 7)
P a. 196; Pursh! l. c. sk. 9. p..320. Qt
EL. 7) Bigel. jl.
e mphorata, (Æl ptu e 299, ap ie Pursh, 5c.
" Baccharis 153 Walt.? Stylimnus naeritimus; s Raf! : b. *
|o P. angustifolia: meis ey obscurely serrulate or entire Cony
“angus Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 1
sra arshes, Mnisaeholetts! to Florida! and Kp ‘Au c Odit
m 10-30 inches high. Leaves slightly succulent, 2-3 inches long.
Et eadefewer and larger than in the. preceding; the purplish a M
è E shorter than the disk. Flowers light pur rple.
Em . P. purpurascens. (DC. vr herbaceous, Wibcwhat visit —
i legia: ovate-lanceolate, rather acute, equall Á—— Agpering cave oa š
(|o pole, minutely 'uberulent and glandular, somewhat veiny prts >
~ podie sem ilios «corymbs ; scales dt Oi: x Rn cada omen #.
* cid; the exterior a the inn trp riage Sioa
urascens, m pum &
Xs » 2.—Co onyza p
* C a 1192 I v] E g
Blod ett eey a rather Ee onn ge w é
zu tea Cu and um. E camphorat a,the iiie about th oe n
e cauline
"i
of
ae „bu i rin ind distin
MB “size, but po of diis mes tape is Poin B. we e little a
‘ atte t at it is p P gungppienn dien sor oe "E
i* d E s bs T i Moet Ei 3
: ; irata al sa EY
& $ u de E ! = 3
Jaequin is imd by: De Cand to eo Pide (C
pe iyaa P and Mexi ia dol
hg ye EK, i
kd UY t "
— j 1 z
262 COMPOSIT E. PrEROCAULON.
*
59. PTEROCAULON. Ell. sk. 2. p. 333 (1824); DC. prodr. 5. p. 453.
* Heads manysflowered; the fertile flowers filiform, pistillate, in we. P
D : the perfect flowers i in the centre Tor intermixed with thp others, Eil.),
mostly sterile. Scales of the oblong involucre imbricated in several series, y
pressed or with slightly squarrose points Receptacle mi- |
nutely fimbrillate or hirsute. Corolla of thie endi dis ers 3-toothe e
» sterile 5-cleft at the summit. Anthers bicaudate, somewhat exserted. d
| nia angled, pubescent widgiopressed hairs. Pappus of numerous capillary:
scabrous equal bri stles, longer than the involucre.—Perennial Rd or
iud shrubby plants (chiefly natives of tropical America), with a e-
hat tube altern
rous rhizomá. Leaves , lance olate, entire or denicalilh "
pee densely tomentose béugnph, | the margins decurrent along the stem into 3
4 continuous foliaceous wings. — ead sessile, *
densely crowded in simple or
compound spikes. ' Flowers usua ly white. TES
i
l. P. pycnostach yum (Ell.): stem herbaceo € ‘loaves EET :
A undulate- enticulate, glabrous above; heads Mea dense continuo us spike ; ,
ales of the involucre silky-tom d hg e at reda apex Ell. —
l.c. Conyza pyenostachya, Michr.! fl. 9. p. 1 3 Punk i ! fl. 2
a í :
y sandy soil, S. Carolina! à Florida! May=Aug.—Black Root. pue
root is much used in ome pw s of the country as an alterative, and as a
qe q old ulcers. Elliott ) É*
: a * -F E CALYMMANDRA. Ak *3
ie ~ Heads anbglebosds subsessile, collected in small axillary clusters, many- i,
Th flowered, heterogamous ; the flowers all fertile; the pistillate in many series,
| «in the axils of narrow and plane linear or somewhat spatulate scarious (vil-
lous-lanate) chaff of the receptacle, with a filiform t m corolla; the per-
S fect 5 ina single central series, each enclosed in an oval convolute woolly
t chaff; the short and somewhat inflated minutely 4-toothed corolla mofe or
less | exserted. Scales of the involucre few, simila to and passing into the
| Receptacle conical, punctate. B5 with very short tails. Branch-
es of the short; in the perfect flowers oblong, flat ; in the"pistillate fili- $
form. Achenia oval-oblong, nearly terete, very smooth, destitute of pappus,
E agthose of the perfect. flowers similar, but enclosed by the suhing chaff.— .
, oA small annual herb, branched fro: m the base, semen ies a very white ai
+.
P; appressed wool; thg — slender, te imple, erect, nt *
| of "t diens cl E
= x a axils of linear-alifsnceólaté late or narrowly spatul ulate entire leaves;
ves "zum a line long) on short L| we concealed ” the viue
: V o a t | s
CALYMMANDRA. COMPOSITE. wa
* their axils. Chaff falling away when -— achenia ripen, all visi equal in
boy scarious, glabrous towards the base, that of the perfect flowers woolly «
out, somewhat , A n oan shorter than the flowers, but in- *
š. e s qe achenia, just as those of Micropus are enclosedyby the scales of
‘the involucre. In the latter, ih extérior and pistillate e are thus in-
P vested: in this remarkable genus, on the contrary, the central i
ia erben flowers are enclosed, to — circumstance the generic name
61. FILAGINOPSIS. is
Heads subglobose-ovoid, collected. in dense inorm clusters, many- "
* , flowered; the fertile flowers pistillatey numerous, an dn many series in the
eia of the linear-oblong and obtuse (woolly-tipped) flat and scabrous equal
" vestige of an ý subtaied by as many. of the chaffy scales of the recep- -
1 ovary
tacle, and nearly pe aec in length. Involucre of few scales en-
flowers in their axils: involucrate bracts mostly 5,
& * ovate-spatulate, herbaceous, with scarious margins, very wool ., Recéptacle * K
- flat or somewhat convex, papillose-punctate. Style in the staminate flowers r
undivided; in the fertile with short filiform branches. Achenia oval, s
. and glabrous; slightly obcompressed (that is parallel with the chaff), et rely
+. . © destitute of pappus.—Annual woolly herbs, with the aspect of Filago (ove
of Mexico and Texas), much branched from the base, diffuse. Leaves
` long-spatulate, entire, sessile. Heads in involucrate (simple or Ti) E
" "ow. gabe terminating the branches. <> * .
tirely similar to the chaff of the receptacle, and only Wo 2 S
*
This s genus differs from Evax in the broad and flat receptacle obtuse chaff, &¢. >.
from the Diaperia of Nuttall in n the roundish i very E. ed heads, pee narro
chaff numerous in each series, the sessile sterile flowers , &c.
L*F. multicaulis : glometules often proia, chaff of the sterile lowers ^ &
w ee irao e t herbaceous an lly throughout, -—
volving the entirely s corolla. ^ Me et. lis, DC. ! p. ;
459. E. verna, Raf.t sre
Texas, BefWandier ! T iim ! (the fétmer ie ob-.
tained it in Mexico: plam uei Biches = Me Sender diffuso stems ^
EN and bran ches, clothed th lon pes fi o sas ni om he ea
= MN x and o ten shorter than the ; a
long 3 A fd ones us pala inner series glabrous ept at &
seld : chaff of the Sterile“ 4 an
Vg or olen the «ru WM
at the summit.
ling, which it exceedingly CUR
i Jea! E d
r larger, very’ Md MGR. col tw Se
g dii j E i x T
A eat
+
tik
264 COMPOSITA. '" — FILAGINOPSIS.
rather shorter wool, so that they separate readily when they fall away; the
4 or 5 sterile corollas naked, connected by the ie m woolly hairs which
grow on the dilated limb.
E
.62. DIAPERIA. Nutt. intrans. Amg Lom soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 337.
Heads fusiform-oblong, disposed in siii: glomerules of 4-5 together,
which are collected in large capitate and bracteate compound clusters termi-
nating the stem or simple and mostly age branches; the fertile flow-
ers 8-12, demas. in the axils of the of the receptacle, with a much
d filiform truncate corolla ; bs a central d with a tubu-
iaintenlibilten: minutely 4-toothed: corolla, destitute of ovaries, each
supported by a filiform stipe and enelosed in a chaff of the Medus Scales
of the involucre and the chaff of the small convex receptacle scarious, oval,
* broad and large for the size of the head, closely and somewhat distichously.
imbricated and wrapped around each other, the inner successively longer; .
T the 2-3 innermost chartaceous, attenuate at the base, woolly towards the
"apex, each convolute and separately enclosing à sterile flower. Style in the
Sterile flowers -undivided; in the fertile with 2 form branches. Achenia
(e obovoid-oblong, obcompressed, glabrous, destitute of pappus.—A small an- .
nual erect woolly herb, with spatulate-oblong or linear-spatulate numerous »
sessile entire leaves; the stems simple or often branched from the base, ter-
minated by the large irregularly involucrate compound head; from whic
arise 1 to 5 or 6 simple branches, terminated by simple but usually smaller ,
compound. heads, in the manner of the Herba impia; and these rarely again
proliferous. Proper heads and primary clusters more or lene bracteate.
*
x^
.
K
f
4 Pe -— iferi (Nutt.! 1. Eaa e prolifera, Nutt. ! in De. prodr. 5
Oy
sof Red River, Arkani. Nuttall ! Dr. Leavenworth ! Jun e-Au ug T
vam eme rigid, 2-5 inches high, terminated by a capitate cluster one- y^ ü
half to three-fourths of an inch in diameter, incisis a large number of small 7^:
TM s: some of the branches w erous ofte ng b his com-«
` pound head A 0 involucre few, entirely NS to the chaff, T
ng into the latter, but shorter, a ool ernally : th the
ART y x
e ha of.
piros or slightly tom@ntose-ciliate : that of the sterile longest
much longer than the slender corolla it encloses; the liform
mgt
. + 63. MICROPUS. p ; Garin. fr. t. 164; Schkuhr, hands. t. 907. |
p Heads collected in axillary sessile clusters, several-flowered ; the fertile-
flowers 5-7, in a single series, pistillate, with a ‘filiform „corolla, enclosed in
(o the inner scales of the involucre ; the 3-7 central staminate, with an infundi-
buli corolla, naked, destitute of ovaries. Receptacle small and
Hats Involucre in 2 series, each of 5-7 scales; the exterior scarious, flattish, zi
raeteiform ; the interior (perhaps rather to be considered chaff of ;
le, as described by N uttall) infolded and laterally compressed,
ne 3v 4
à: Tent ge. v
Microrvs. : J COMPOSIT E. * 265
boat-shaped and very gibbous, enclosing the fertile flowers, and forming a
; permanent cartilaginous covering to the smooth obovate and gibbous com-
| pressed achenia. Pappus none.—Low: vind herbs with the aspect of
e Filago or Gnaphalium.
a $ Fructiferous scales of the involucre not echinate, woolly when young.—
Bombycilena, DC.
a8
M. Californicus (Fisch. & Meyer) : clusters -— € terminal ;
iiir: scales compressed -navicular, semi-obcordate ; the inner ea à
oe omnes by an erect mucroniform a Mole dein wit a scari
nm uds h. & Meyer, ind. sem. St. Petersb. 1835, p. 42; DC. fme 7.
: (mant.) p. "283. ¥
2 B. angustifolia : slender ; ; leaves linear, acute; heads very woolly w when
young; e exterior or bracteate involucral scales. oval, concave, scarious with a
aga centre.—M. (Rhyncholepis) angustifolius, Nutt.! in trans. Amer.
hil Ce Pr
£ Californie at Bodega, — Mu B. St. Barbara, Nuttall /— Said to
“resemble M. erectus, but the s with a niore scattered and shorter sos
while Mr. Nital’: s plant is more aude: than that stie the young heads
with a longer wool ; but the rait &c. exactly a kodier | to the character
of the Russian ER who do not notice the leaves, &c. Fesbape there are y ^
two nearly allied Californian cda. :
x PSILOCARPHUS. INutt. in trans. pan MN soc. (ne ser.) T e 340.
Heads. solitary or clustered, many-flowered ; the fertile flowers 8-30 i in
* * Several series, pistillate, with a filiform corolla, each enclosed in an involute
involucral scale or chaff of the receptacle ; the 5-8 central staminate, with a
dilated infundibuliform 4—5-toothed corolla, destitute of ovaries, naked. Re-
gem subglobose ; the chaff and similar involucral scales (as the outermost ^
may be > deemed) membranaceous, woolly, reticulated, infolded, and cucul-
orming thin obovoid or somewhat gibbous loose coverings to the very
Ps tue. oblong terete or slightly compressed achenia. Branches of the style
short and filiform, in the sterile flowers minutely hairy. Pappus none.—
| Very small Pagans branched and depressed woolly annuals, with the aspect
vax, &c. (natives of the western, coast of America); with linear or
spatulate-oblong entire and sessile leaves, which are alternate, and irregu-
; larly involucrate around the terminal or lateral sessile heads or clusters. -
This ce Nuttall; pe t E i
' T tud oes ape ict hai? in = ds pese oh g *
he
not alluded to the true structure of thi inconspicuous appe
eh exists in all the species.
aes. “whieh in e
$
" y 4 ad l
= f the fissure; P. obits des yv near] allied P. brevissim imus, it is smaller , t
E Om alie oe lo thè in gli e-oblong, and am somewhat deci iduous. s4 *
LP. Mhra (Nutt.! L c): sey woolly, decumbent, much branched; *
iim 1.34 s
Pod E E ; £
he e
T . ic. : "MES oue
4
sw GONMEOSPER. o 9 possem
— Map soars the floral ones broader, — fertile fl flowers 90
the inflated fructiferous chaff forming globose very aed
heads, lateral ad terminal.—Micropus globiferus, ^3 in DC. prodr.
tec "Barbara, California, Nuttall ! ! April.—* Plant not an inch high,
spreading out 5 or 6 inches : ae DAY bracteate heads A gar dung.
vs es what
one-fourth of an inch in diam the woollin ness of
deciduous: the inflated fruit- Searing chaff between 1 and 2 s lon ra ciis "^
a native of Chili, if itis rea lly the Micropus globiferus of Bertero which is
uncertain, although that species doubtless s belongs to this genu
" 9. P. brevissimus Ue l. c.): stem minute, simple, Ape mostly
a single very woolly head ; fertile Sire ers 8-10; the fructiferous chaff obovoid-
oblong; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute
“ Plains of the Oregon River, in- inundated tracts.—Extre mely dwarf
Apuruaqe not always s so); ; about 4 lines high; ; the solitary sapita lAa, oonga
er large, Ey on about the third set of leaves, and so downy as to look
like a pellet of cotton.” Nuttall.—V ery eariy allied to the preceding. Mr.
Can Suspect t may possibly prove to be the Micropus minimus of De
C
aè
ot.
y
i (Nutt.! l.c c): canescently tomentose busgii dif-
fosely A aad procumbens a linear; fertile flowers 20 or more ;
fructiferous scales obovoid, t
4 * [nundated em near the: quee en -— the ei af = NW iie
hs ae allied to P. globiferus ; but w uch narrow: y with none ,
of. the long arachnoid hairs of that edi: i ge scales of = Mie ptaelé dud
danlle. " Nuttall.
4. P. ten ellus (Nutt.! 1. c.) : tomentose-canescent ; tog bai e ascend-
ing clustered stems and the lower leaves s peonnin ng gla r leaves
spatulate-linear ; the ie lowers 20 oc mor E de: 4 ahs small,
terminal ; shoals e flowe or more; fructiferous scales obovoid-ob- £
2, gibbous, to ET
St. Barbara, California, Nuttall! April. Plant 1-2 inches high, her
w Aaen ; slender. Heads about 2 lines in diameter. Achenia acute
as T
65. STYLOCLINE. Nutt. in trans. Amer. ‘shal: soc. (n. ser.) 7. T p. 338.
Heads subglobose, many-flowered ; thé fertile flowers pistillate, in Selil
series included in a carinate fold of the chaff of the receptacle, with a very «
slender and filiform truncate corolla; the 3-4 central staminate, with a tubu-
lar minutely 5-toothed corolla, destitute of ovaries, naked. Receptacle slen-
der and elongated, cylindrical; the chaff imbricated, broadly ovate, concave,
d ‘| scarious, with a green he bacegus carinate-saccate keel in which the fertile
flowers are enclosed, woo y towards the base; the scales of the involucre
about 5, similar, but destitute of the saccate y Achenia very smooth,
somewhat laterally compressed, acute at the Dise, slightly lunate. Pappus
ss of the fertile flowers none; of the sterile composed of 3-5 barbellate-scabrous
e as long as the corolla.—An annual tomentose woolly low herb, dif- -
. fusely b and decumbent, with small linear entire sessile leaves.
a is (about $ — diameter, yellowish-white) in sessile clusters of 3-5 dm
+ ee
sinter 3
é
~
f
2 : x E
: d NM. e vow
*
t
eei: x COMPOSITÆ. i 267
wa
Saphaide (Nutt. ! lee.)
Near Mon rey RU m /— Plant about 6 inches high.—Chaff,
including x. minute achenia, at length deciduous from the slender spirally
punctate posi n ie —The fer dle flowers ad ke same corolla as the pre-
. ceding genera; and what Mr. Nuttall deser as a few long chaffy hairs
produced at the ape of the receptacle, is de d chui “of the sterile flowers.
Subtribe 4. INULES, Case. Pleads mostly radiate and heterogamous, never
diecious. Receptacle not chaffy. Anthers caudate at the base.—Leaves
alternate. Heads not glomerate. Ray-flowers of the same color as the disk. -
66. INULA. Linn.; Gern. fr. t. 170 ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 463.
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers in a single series, pistillate, but
sometimes infertile, ligulate, or rarely somewhat tubular; those of the disk
tubular, perfect. -Involucre imbricate in several series. Receptacle flat or
somewhat convex, naked. nthers bisetose at the base. Achenium terete
or 4-sided. Pappus a single series of capillary slightly scabrous bristles.—
Mostly perennial herbs (natives of Europe and Asia), with the eauline leaves è
often clasping. Heads solitary or corymbose at the summit of the pedun-
b cles. “Flowers yellow. i m
*
& § Exterior scales of the involucre broadly ovate, foliaceous ; the inner obovate-
eid med achenia 4-sided, glabrous; rays ligulate, ner nar-
rowly —ConvisAnTIA, Merat, Cass.
^ LI
Dp (Linn.) : leaves (1 arge) velWety-tomentose beneath, ev
e puro
P om the radical ones ovate, tapering into a petiole; the ca ulin
LET heads ups. d at the summit of the zd t somewhat corym
peduncles.—Linn.! spec. 2. p. 881; Fl. Dan. t. 728; To ill. t. 680;
Darlings: Jt. Cest. p. 476; DC.! l.c. Aster Heleni ium gn per Corvi-..
sartia Helenium, ** Merat, fl. Par. ;" Cái" n dict. l. c. 10. p. 572. de.
, Clayt. ^
oad-sides and about houses, introduc ed ftom Europe, and naturalized in
many places.—The ck and T nching perennial root is mucilaginous and . 4
slightly bitter, and is employed as a 2 ren remedy. The old ‘officinal
name is Enula Ca bislise, whence Elecampane ^ T
ha e
. Subtribe 5. Ecurprex, Less.—Heads radiate, heterogamous, never dice-
cious. Receptacle chaffy. Anthers not caudate at the base. Pappus none,
or awn-like.— Leaves opposite. (Plants with nearly the habit and structure
of Heliantheæ, except the style, which c d EI. Asteroidez.) | š *
67. BORRICHIA. Adams. fam. 2. E. is DC. prodr. 5. p. 488. | s
Je
7 Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers ligulate, pistillate, in a single
: capes: those of the disk perfect and tubular. Involucre hemispherical, i im-
: i . Receptacle flat, covered with lan-
E
fete
-
H
the
Ht
:
Corolla of the ray short and ‘broad; of the disk
im 5-toothed. Anthers blackish, tipped with an
«t UNT : 4
a~" *. : pc RN E is
KC ee ae ; =e S hs P
268 COMPOSITE. . ` ` Bomucma. |
ovateappendage. Branches of the style (in the disk) elongated, ather thick,
somewhat tergo, acutish, hispid from the summit to n near the b ase. Achenia
somewhat cuneiform, 3-4-angled, crowned with a short coroniform 4- ‘toothed
—' Á€— pappus.—Shrubby (American and mostly tropical) mari- .
time pla eaves opposite and somewhat connate, oblong. or linear, cori-
aceous or cum Heads solitary, pedunculate. Flowers yellow. "i
1. Ba arborescens (DC.): glabrous} leaves ge epee naor acute,
ie gel at the base, entire; exterior scales of the involucre ov rather
appressed ; the interior ue; membranaceous E chaff of ite receptas.
ole: ed a rhs —Bupht unnm. arbets, Linn. spec. (ed. 2.) 2. pe
1273. EREE Xen uS Elth.t 8, f- 43. Corona-solis frutescens, &c.
A a ed. Bur 32 Di omedea unidentata, Cass. in dict. l. c.
13 "D. iaer "H. Be
Ks Wesl Mr. Blod, vett !—A large ee
c»
re
: B frute scens (DC): e anescent with a minute appressed silky pu-
ibis ; leaves lanceolate or spatulate, obtuse, —— and usually 1-2-
~ toothed tów ards the me ; s of the bran often toothless, sometimes
linear; exterior scales of the involucre somewhat skein rather s
E interior p the chaff: of chet x spas cuspidate rigid point. — DC. !
dr. 5 uphthalmum frute , Linn. ! spec. (eda) 2. p. 903 3
*
$
ETA
z
T
Dp
e
a
n
>
E
e
Nn
e
E
e
oO
eM
s
=
&
=
IM
C-
c»
P
Q
i-
a
E
B
3
>
ji
9. p. 4 ; ;
mum rutin m &c., Catesb. Car. 1. t. 93. Ditaedea Monat, Cass. 4. c.
On the Virginia a! to Florida! and Key West! June-Oct.—A
small tby pow: The leaves vary from obovate or broadly spatulate to
linear; in all the states being eit obruse dr acumin nate-mucronate, entire,
or with one or two sharp slog eth near base, or r "dd denticulate
throughout: the exterior scales "the involucre are-ofien rather appressed ;
the inner either canescent, or y glabrous with ciliate margins, and the 1
spinous points of the chaff are at first rather shorter t s os the flowers.
ence pep E i aes B. paeem and Buphth. lineare, Willd. are
ntly d 47.
sufficien
P i
68. ECLIPTA. Linn. mant. Gaertn. fr. t. 169 ; DC. P4 5. p. p. 489. S
P Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers- pistillate, ligulate, short, in a
» single series; those of the disk tubular and perfect. Scales of the involucre — ^
niet in a double series, foliaceous, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat .acuminate.
cle flat, furnished with linear-filiform or bristly chaff, as long as the
ia. Corolla of the ray-flowers with a narrow ligule rather shorter than
* z hs involucre ; of the disk ovo p 4- (rarely 5- 7) toothed. Appen-
- . dages of the st yle hairy. 3-4-sided ; thosé of the disk mostly by ©
compression 2-sided; ithe sides roughened or tuberculate, somewhat hairy a at
3 the summit. Pappus nóne, or an obsolete denticulate crown.— Chiefly an-
nual s scabrous ‘or or strigose herbs; the stems erect, diffuse, or procumber
= be s s opposite, serrate or nearly entire, lanceolate or oblong, feather-veined,
jor sinwhat wi ed. Heads on axillar or geminate, or ter-
s
EE xin e * j EPUM ary .
and ternate, peduncles. Flowers white. Anthers wan Juice g}
c ae y
ù * r ba Pi it | | " ái
and
» Louisiana ! vi fe: ordinary form. June-Oct ad n ms 1-3 feet long, alid
e E
EcxmrA. T * œ COMPOSITA. 269
du ,
ty 7
E. ere a — moré or -— MP throughout with closely ap-
pr essed rigid hairs ; stem erect, asc r decumbent ; leaves lanceolate
or oblong- ancola acute or atte eem P4 tegi. end, spa aringly or obscurely
serrate ; scales of the involucre acute o i
: iss
- length of the head.— Linn. / mant. x 157, (pl. Gronov. &c.); Lam. ill. t. 687 ;
Pursh, fl. 9. p. 561 ; DC. uso T$: 490. E. y EUN. Micha. ! fl. 9. p
129 ; moni l.c. ; Ell. sk 29. CILE sina alba, 254
spec. 2. p. 902. Eupatorio- E dieron A) Dill. Elth. t. üt: f. 137. Sca-
- Diosa conyzoides &c., Pluk. aln. t. 109, f. 1. Amellus Carolinianus, Walt.
T. D. m afigea lanceolata, Poir. ex
B. brachypod. : pedicels as long as the heads, or about twice their length:
LE Us bch y pod; Miche. b. ts (but the corolla of Aie disk 4-cleft !), scarcely
5
<
an of streams, ASE in damp sandy soil, Maryland! and Rer to
Florida! and iere ERES E gi (Also at E dde Sound on the N.
W. Coast, accord to De Gand olle.) 8. Maryland! Kentuc dvi
at the base? Heads small; the fost ers rathér in ome Chaff
of the oe Pe fringed. In all ‘the gcn. from us localities
hi a ined, 3 v
dependence ean be placed. plant pg has the pedun s5106
times the length of. the head Nu e.hav n East Indian ucibus of
E. erecta with the ‘peduncles as short as in E. achy poda. P
»
4 Tug IV. ui ac Less. t
^" $
Heads heterà amous, homogamous, eterocephalous (dece or
monccious). Style (in the aou flowers) cylindraceous above
branches inear (somewhat thickened or convex <a Toii
late or hairy at the apex, ei über truncate, or produced into
“a more or less elongated tors Pash: d appe ndage; the «ginti line
terminating in the base o appendage, not confluent.—
Leated oa or as
il
) | T *
ra :
CONSPECTUS OF THE SUBTRIBES. ' +’
Subtribe 1, 1. MELAMPODINEX. Flowers all unisexual; the staminate an id pistillate
either oceu upying the same, or different heads, in the same or different individuals.
Anthers not caudate. Pappus never of bristles. 271
Subtribe 2. HrerrwTHEx. Heads ee ee and iate, or homogamous ida
discoid. Receptacle partly or n appus hone, oe coroniform, or
«| awned, or of-few 34 elle. Anthers h, not ca gie -often
E o fop ;
| m FravERiEX. Heads 1-few-flowered, pn. E e
Y ves opposite. bo es E
Tou S8
| . - eh eoi R Tacerinem. Heads ay. Pappus av Fue imme Lees with =
i sina single series and mosty united, do! -— ite leaves
ue pellucid gl
Subtribe 5. CUN Heads aed hete rogamous. . ‘Pappas of : several or fees
merous scarious chaffy scales, in à psa iig series poems dy none. Leaves
mostly alternate. 4 n
credi |
E 4- 4 Li ác Um " E
" — ; Más. sf + "0 e ae
de
w * * A * i
do S COMPOSITE. . MELAMPODINES.
= k
s Subtribe 6. AwrnEMIDEEX. Heads iiy heterogamous. Pappus none or eite »
rarely squamellate. Anthers not caudate. Branches of the style tru
and bearded at the apex, rarely terminated by a short cone. Leaves mostly z
. . . alternate. 4606
w Subtribe 7. GNAPHALIEÆ. TOE oS and discoid, egr d ume
| ` mous. Anthers caudate deest of PHP or setaceous bristles, aer
rarely none. Leaves monte altern
- Subtribe 8. Senecionem. Heads homogamous or Hefocanous di xdi or ra- “y
‘dia eas Anthers not caudate. Pappus of capillary bristles, or ANE rare ely |
wanting in the exterior flowers. Leaves alternate.
w = * 4 "à
» "i x E X
SA o , A
^ : + f :
Subtribe 1. Metampopinem, DC. (Polygamia Necessaria, Linn.]— `
Flowers all unisexual; the pistillate and staminate flowers either in different
` individuals, or in different heads of the same plant, or in the same head. 5
_ Anthers not ¢audate at the base. Receptacle Pa an Kee Pap 4
; pus none, or somewhat coroniform, or awned, never of bristles.
*
x CONSPECTUS OF THE GENERA. ered t
pr s Re wr
. 2 i à
Div. 1. MELAMPOoDIE®, —H " radiate Achenia corticate.
a 69. MELAMPODIUM. Inner:agales of the involucre investing the achenia. ~.
A »
Div. 2. MirLERIE. —Heads monecious, radiate. A chenia not corticate nor r winged.
70. BLENNOSPERMA, Becepta tacle naked. Ache enia pulverulentzpapillose
71. Potymnta. Receptacle chaffy. Ac henia obovoid: pappus none. ->
72. ae Receptacle ch haffy. henia cial i rae P i
PT ronifo; orma-toothed. *
pee Sims — Heads monecious, fidíate; the rays de ciduous. dicens not
atef obcompressed, or winged. Pap ppus of two teeth or short awn
» ILPHIUM. Achenia a winged, in more than one series.
ms £ BrenLANDIERA. Achenia wingless, one adhering to each in
75. E ese Achenia wingless, free: pappus Saw squame Ta
SER Div. 4. Panne. QUE e monecious, radiate : rays marcescent. Achenia 3 not
a orticate, obcompressed.
ka
76. eer Achenia 5; their ye margins united at the base with the
i chaff of 2 contiguous sterile flow ;
Fw
EU Div. 5. Iver. — Heads monecious, not radiate. - Athen searcely usine
> T. gar 0m Heads e Panonie, bracteata: the central ine
» . 58. Iva. Heads bracteate. Kee chaffy. Flowers glabrous.
: o". Picrornamnus, Receptacle naked. Ache
Lu Dio. 6. Altpnosine -—Heads heterocephalous; the sterile and fa raj lends i in
o? difiiront nt plants, not radiate.” Anthers e t
ne Fertile involucre 1-celled, 1- lowered, not spinose demi
Fertile: ese 1-4-celled, spinose; the sterile 8-
Fertile inv re 2-celled; the scales of the aW e
E a 2 * t * TA
rete
henia and corolla woolly. js
E
x Lj " : * *
: MErAMPODIUM. COMPOSITE. x 271 .
c - Div. 1. MELAMPODIE®, DC.—Fertile and sterile flowers in the ©
... ' same heads; the former several, ligulate; the latter central, tubular. Ache-
: = nia corticate* (that is, invested and concrete with the scales of the involucre
r chaff of the verepiacte): Pappus none. Anthers pud:
80 o oye. Linn; Gaertn. fr. t. 169; A Br. in jr i
» | trans. 12. p. 1 04.
Heads many-flowered ; the raygflowers 5-10, in a single series; those of
the disk sterile by the abortion, of We style. Involucre double ; 3 the up
` of 3-5 flat and spreading foliàeeous scales; the inner as many as the
flowers. and enclosing their achenia. Receptacle convex or PARERA
. ehafty; the chaff. Ves damp. - deciduans. yle in the sterile-flowers
. undivided and hairy above. Achenia of the disk abortive ; of the ray ob-
ovoid, smooth, slightly curv m cse by the inner scales of the involucre,
which are often rugose or tuberculate, or cucullate at the summit, and either
* truncate or produced into 1-3 teeth or -awns.—Herbaceous or suffruticose
(chiefly Mexican) plants, with dichotomous stems, opposite m leaves,
and terminal or alar peduncles bearing a single head. Flowers peiie
the r rays rarely = two species ?) white.
»
E soph, 4M. Sois ra i (DC.): stem sigh p eee much branched,
~ >» glabrous; leayés linear, deviens with somewhat apan apo entire, or
“remotely dentate-lobed or sinuate ; pe edun sc longer than the leaves; rays
: ee, ont (yel OW); exterior ord of the cigar ov
cent externally; the interior in volving the aehenia, tuberculate at the base,
? the eskik expanded into a broad hood, w ith a a do orsal uncinate acumination.
: d DC.! odr. 5. p- 518
P mh Berlandier ! (v. sp. in herb. DC.) Me
Yu thea - M. c mri vis coi much branched = - base, strigose *
+ ugho a
with min pe Tent numerous,
wer gH near- scien. obtuse, entire, Hil et ispi ve; pe-
uch longer than the leaves ; rays oval- oblon 2, un cse thrice
the ipd of the ovate and hairy exterior’ E of the ‘involucre’s the inner
enclosing the edi us tuberculate-scabrous towards the base, dilat ed above
Into a short sm hood, truncate at the summit, with the margin e and”
të
exas, Dr. Riddell !—Plant 6-10 iaiclied high. Leaves 1-2 inches long,
ewhat canescent, above with hispid, peus with weak hairs. Ray:
ani on haff
Ch
summit.—Nearly allied 10 (and y tinct’ M. oe
DC., a Mexican species collected I by Botanic, Ju so
for having white rays. = C,cCrherteert n v f f —
E. Divna Mise ifi EE, DC.—Fertile and sterile ie in the sam
d » ^ heads; the former few, ligulate, or sometimes tubular and 3-cleft ; the latter
4. ceittral, tu ular. Achenia not corticate, (that i is not coherent with the scales
phe ox
* E d and defined b De Candolle i in this lace.
"Rm he Halopsides ind as employed this author he o terms those. sigma cor-
ticate in which the exterior cc overing z (ealyxtube) is s separable from the interior.
*
is
$5
*
d
Ed
i979 . ; COMPOSITE. T MELAMPODIUM.
of the involucre or chaff of the receptacle when invested by these), or vinnm
Pappus none, or coróniform. Anthers united.
-` Baltimora recta, Linn. ds s recta, DC.) is a native of the coast of Mex-
ico, and not of Ma ryland, as -— s supposed, eing eed r es S ing 9 na
du om Pluk xen Chrysanthemum Americanum, ca , ampliori
foliis eon c. Pluk, mant. p. 46, t. 342, f. 3% Which Ad belongs to Ver
besina Sieges
S s j i $ n 4
«40. BLENNOSPERMA. Less. syn. A 267; DC. prodr. 7. mant. p. 288.
Coniothele & Apalus, DC.
#
Heads m many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 5-10, in a single series, iem
the elliptical ligule obtuse at the base and articulated with the ovary, entirel
destitute of tube ; those of the disk numerous, tubular, sterile by the abortion
of the ovary. Scales of the involuere 5-10, elliptical of oblong, membrana-
ceo-herbaceous, nearly in a single series. Receptacle at length convex, not
chaffy. Corolla of the disk short, with a much dilated 4—5-lobed limb.
Anthers oval. Style in the fertile flowers with short obtuse branches; in the
sterile capitate. Achenia (of the disk none,) of the ray oblong, terete, nar-
. Towed towards the base, caneseent with pulverulent papilla (which when
moistened open at the extremity, or by 2 valves, and emit 2 long filaments
*
,
"m
of extreme tenuity, soon forming an apparently gelatinous mass equal ina i
thickness to the achenia itself), destitute of pappus.—Annual slender and ~
somewhat branching small herbs (Chilian and Californian), with alternate
Ge zc -parted leaves; the branches naked and somewhat pubescent above,
d mostly terminated by a single small head. PUR disk-flowers,
s ion n yell ow pee are ;
i Wo /
d. B. ifornicum : scales of the pei and iid 7-10 ; a seri
* tile apetalous cadum rcm. with the rays; branch = of thetatyle T the
E 4 flowers oval, flat.— Veo cem Clirmica, DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 93
Hook. heirs bot. Beecheg, suppl. p.
.. . , California, Douglas !—Plant 4-6 He high, slightly pubescent when
i Eis Bevond the cha cters given above, the Californian de scarcely
diff , except in the rather fewer disk-flówers of the latter,
the linear-oblong branches of the fertile style, and the dVsdeudy ip ee
achenia. In both, pe QUUM ray is immediately sessile the
* ; and when it falls off s a round perforation close to its se.
The only distinction of any ui ric consequence between Blennosper. d
" Coniothele is entirely unnoticed-b Candolle, and may s € = iie
but if it prove a pe poe — it will be d to pre
~ of Coniothele for the section. It >e in the presence of a DA E fertile
flowers ray actly antes to them, except that,
igule, they bear a minute deciduous Spo which repre-
rti These apetalous flowers we
e in Californian specimens, but do nét find in the Chilian
i ucture of the papillæ of the achemia, ~
: some other Compositz,
= Jep D a e
* -* T à ;
PorvuNia. COMPOSITE: . 273"
71. POLYMNIA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 174, f.2; DC. prodr. 5. p.514.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (5-10 or more) pistillate, in a sin-
gle series ; those of the disk tubular, sterile. Scales of the involucre in a
double series; the exterior about 5, large aud spreading, foliaceous, ovate
or lanceolate ; the interior smaller, membranaceous, partly embracing the
fertile achenia. Receptacle flat, chaffy; the chaff scarious, lanceolate or ob-
long. Corolla of the disk inflated above, thin and pellucid, with 5 short
. ^ teeth. Style in the sterile flowers 2-cleft; the branches hairy. Achenia
glabrous, destitute of pappus; those of the disk abortive, terete; of the ray
thick, obovoid, slightly compressed laterally, wingless.—Perennial (Ameri-
can) abba, usually viscid-pubescent, with an unpleasant odor. Leaves -
posite, or sometimes alternate (at least the uppermost), large, dilated, m
branaceous, variously angled, lobed, or cleft, ofien with stipule-like appen-
dages at the base. Heads paniculate-corymbose. Flowers yellow or
+
» §1. Rh ys inconspicuous, shorter than the involucre. oe o (Alym-
nia, Neck. Polymmiastrum, Lam.) a :
1. P. Canadensis (Linn.): viscid-pubescent; leaves petioled, opposite ;
* the uppermost alternate, deltoid-ovate or rhomboidal, often 3-5-angled or
_ lobed, or somewhat hastate ; the lower deeply pinnatifid or lyrate; involucre
exteri s
2. 1;
Miche. ! fl. 2. p. 147; Pursh! fl.2. p. x PR f * 451; Daring
X Cest. us 476; DC. f p rodr. e $555 F. "variabilis, Poir. dict. 5. p. 505?
Tur astrum, Lam
-sides in shady sieh we a streams, Canada! and Northem States!
to the mountains of Carolina! and west to M uly.-Aug.—Ste
> 25 feet high. Leaves very thin, pale ose Heads small: Pu very
pale yellow or ochroleuco j
$2. Rays HN much longer than. the insure —Polyoaete (Palyuaia,
ass.)
Mey
d ag
2. P. Uvedalia (Linn.): scabrous hat hirsute; leaves
-= Opposite, triplinerved, broadly ovat De dela? the lower large, nearly ; as
broad as long, palmately lobes: and er — narrowed into. a
` sinu ed; olucre slightly
pub and viscid; the EOS, scales obla dall obtuse, ciliate, many
tutta ie reer than the: 0-14) ovate-lanceolate acuminate interior ones ; ye
i li ) , thed at the apex, thrice the length of the inner scales *
à * involucre.— Linn. ! spec. (ed. 2) 2. p. ; Lam. ut. t Ti ; Michz. !
p t 2. p.147; Purs r. be. EU Ley; Beer lec.; DC! prodr. 5.
p- 515. Osteosy rmum Uvedalia, Linn: spe . (ed-.1), p. 923. Chrysanthe-
GU rna plsiapi ste &e., P luk. p- t. 83, 4 3. Cc. perenne Vir-
8 nanum, &c., Moris. hist.
.—Stem
soil, iev York! "and uem (rare) to. Georgia ! Lonis-
; Misso pre ne-Au grooved and
fo €— Lower m about a foot
sm
$
= »
>
L3
*
SY
x
E
Ld
a
*
^
F sg ce ae ovaries in 2-3 rows; naib ug dik tuba.
274 "
COMPOSITE. rer
"fide: ; the wis of the peiiples sinuate or pinnatifid.. Heads large; the tage
an inch long, 10-15 in on bright yellow; the corolla of es disk dull
s ^ Achenia large, st
72, CHRYSOGONUM. “Linn. ; Gerin. fr. t 174; DC. prodr. 5. p.510.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers about 5, pistillate ; those of the
disk sterile. Involuere double, each of about 5 scales; the exterior foliace-
ous, oblong, longer than the disk; the interior chartaceous, roundish, con-
-cave, embracing the fertile flower in its axil. Receptacle flat; the
»
linear
rent to the base of each inner involucral scale. . Corolla of the « disk cylindra-
ceous, - 5-toothed. Style in the sterile flowers hispid above, undivided, or
- sometimes 2-cleft at the apex. Achenia of the ray obovate, obcompressed,
a4
4-angled, somewhat convex on the back, enclosed in à scale of the involucre;
of the disk linear, abortive. Pappus small, coroniform, 2-3-toothec
d, and
divided to the base on the inne r side, persistent.—A low tomentose-hirsute
' perennial herb, nearly acaulescent when it begins to flower, producing seve
stems, some of which are erect or ascending and floriferous, others prostrate
and stoloniferous. Leaves opposite, or clustered at the base, on long pe-
‘tioles, ovate or spatulate, crenate. Peduncles solitary, simple, naked, at
first — at length elongated. Flowers bright yellow.
C. Virginianum (Linn.)—Lam. ill. t. 713; Gaertn. fr. 2 p
t. 174%
gie ts Ar pats Walt. ! Ov ep hr; Miche. ! fl. p fu "Punt
EU? sk.2. p C. Virgini amuna & ose his DO.! l.c.
i Chr rysant themum
te
ems at length 6-12 inches hicha
ayi ort before the | heads expand, often
keca the leaves become ratlier glabrous,
pa
Div. -8 Sine IEE, | De EU. and donde flowers in bed same heads;
"the former (3-20) ligulate, the rays deciduous: the latter numerous, central,
tubular.
ar. Fertile achenia obcompressed, sometimes winged, not corticate,
uen of sear poii 2-toothed or oe Anthers snl
i. fr. t AS Se, han t t. 262.
the ray-flowers numerous, numerous, pistillate, th the
rd 5 $ E »
T y^ ne —* AE wee
TE
E
igisi
ot
E
e
w
”
zl
>
Sturmum. , ` COMPOSITE. («+ 275 : d
sterile. Involucre broadly , al ; the scales ap presi at the base,
more or less spreading or loose and foliaceous at the summit, imbricated in
several series; the innermost (those next the achenia) very small and chaffy.
Receptacle small, flat, or somewhat turbinate when aah the chaff linear,
` flat, or ightly involute around the sterile ovaries. Corolla of the ray with
an elongated spreading ligule ; of the disk cylindrical; the teeth very short,
somewhat thickened and glandular, often pubescent or hairy externally.
Style in the sterile flowers undivided, much elongated, hispid. Acheniaof =
the ray broad and flat, ‘Sbcompressed, imbricated in 3+4 series, surrounded
with a wing, which is notched at the sum mit, and usually confluent with 9
callous, subulate, or somewhat awn-like (often nearly obsolete) teeth, which
represent the pappus; those of the disk abortive, slender, with an obsolete
coroniform pappus.—Stout perennial herbs (natives of the United States and +
Texas), mostly hispid or scabrous, with a copious resinous juice. - -Leaves
alternate, opposite, or verticillate, entire, serrate, or lobed. Heads (large) -
corymbose, panicled, or solitary. Flowers yellow.
^
$ d terete, virgate or nearly naked : leaves. large; alternate, or radical and on - E Nes
ften sinuate, ^, lobed, or iis parted. :
ili a
Squarrose acuminate appendage ; achenia or = ula r-obovate, with a manifest
and "d wing deeply eerie, — spec. 2. P. - "up £
. 5, ; Ait.! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. E: Xa 145; =
rsh? ji. 3 e 577 ; Jacq. f. P A t 90; PCl i Es 512;
Ke. an. to bot. mag. 1. p. 99. (ex iu E, pinna S spicatum,
four. dict. se .157. S. gunimiferum, Ts
B. cauline E. umerous towards the [ck cde ad thé stem, sessile , .
and clasping, ofan lanceolate, a ere -pinnatifid.
trairies from Iowa! Wisconsin! Missou of! ! d and, Ohio! to Pod
tucky! Alabama! mene: ^y gm as! and T B. Prairies of Ala-.
Den, Me Bu ckley! J SI SOUL Todi thick. Plant jing a a colon -y d
i i and n muc di - apres A
Lower leaves 19-30 in
«ACA <8 gee i Tanod ; ie
ments na and rather ppg thi
2 inches in in d diameter, mnt ang the rays, which usually oded the pe
the idea ro with large very white atir hn metas Am Suid pont le
ches 1 diri bi iy oc vith an Ov;
po oes not however n i
3 ae ' S. laciniatum, which varies gone J in- -foli EF an this variety the
Incisions p eoe dm half-way to the mid- "
2 aie d les glab lea
Ed. em di .): stem 3 peduncles gla rous; Jéaves
ong, mostly cordate at per) base, sharply se rrate-toothed,
¥ Am. x ipt ud > €
inc i^ T i ay OS es rd
NL £v t7 ^ rt ua s.»
* E " ó ^
& be
$15 - * M. CR - FR "
a
. composi, e — Ay. s
T N
i" Sein leaves ovate, subcordate, AY m ‘and doubl ly toothed.
Ea: ine barrens and open sa s; North Carolina! to Florida! aha
lent teighe low e
kA
ug
sle phe g simple, paniculate Or cory mga at the sur mil IR
i Co or 4 small petiolate ook towards. the base.
sually Dido fhan lon
oE
a
ü
s
ely
conte this s
terete te or-abscureh y irk. "T a — alternate, opposile, or I
2 * uo 2 wafroquendly prescht ali ariations in the same plant.
: z^ m.
3s lanceolate, usuall TOW, wid. or acuminate, remotely denti
country ; f . more common towards the'moun-.
lorida, Mr. Croom! Dr. Cha. an! d PM —Stem 2-6 feet
" ifoliatur n TL. j; us and glabrous, often gl T« PE st ade x
n
E y x
ld E rous, especiall the Aere on ie short hispidly cae
“oe ioles, ternatel opposite
y or qui peapael; strict, the
fand coryr or panic le; sc scales o f fe fpe clliate
Mr "uie acute; the interic r broadly oval, obtuse ;
t
| l 5 are P gus beg (when ol n ere or
1 , e8SSeparating from). the subulate y dem — Linn. spec. 9. p.9 (excl.
| E y re 335 Dx S. wn. terna-
me cm itis xa e. Dui 2333 ; hy ti (id
- em atum & S. trifoliatum (at gb pari Dc! (T
ct ite ^e 146, ae i i4
or t aves
M sm
d +
À rple amd gla
y woods = Nu Ohio!
Et! 4- 6
a E ance so isi ; rad
d ssile; the lowe
her broad w ings produced at a into P
6. S. dent tum (Ell): stem'usu cam orhirsute-sca- -Ț
: brous to s m on 5 leaves vu or ovate-lanceolate, acute, irre-
y an othed, sc
"
PE
oe
E
e
x
x^
*
278 s + COMPORIT A. . Lm
B. lower leaves op: the upper Mine but approximate in pairs, on ©
short petioles ; all ovate-lanceolate and e
. stém somewhat hirsute or hispid ; “Tower leaves opposite or alternate,
C Cra um, DC.! prodr.
phil. soc. l. c
urti
gia, "elliott ! Dr. Boykin! and Alabama, Mr. Buckley ! paar
eaves 3- ide ;
than in S. A cus.
Achenia with n which are very slightly produced at the apex,
which is kerm ai eei ee slightly em ene: minutely ciliate, some-
tim minute Cei rudiments of the or teeth.—This plant
bears se Mach re semblan o the smoother form of S. Asteriscus, v varying
also like that spec xe oi eit cs glabrous or hispid gemi, and with the leaves
slightly, or very coarsely and sinuate e-incisely toothed, that we can only dis-
i e inty. ia: and hence we should have hes-
itated to consider it a distinct pene had not different states of it been so re-
garded by m De “Bil e, Mr. Curtis, &c., apparently without reference
to the achen We expect es this character will yet prove incons Eus
that all the varieties will be included under S. Asteriscus. AA
. S. Asteriscus (Linn.): stem terete, ipid; leaves oblong or osi lan-
et irogulaly and often coarsely serrate - scattered teeth, scabrous-
hirsute both sides; the upper alternate andl sessile ; the cli mostly oppo-
site, often tern ernately verticillate ; the lowest on Mns hirsute petioles ; heads
- solitary or somewhat corymbose ; scales of the i
ous, ciliate, bsc exterior hispid-sc md us, ovate, acutish, the e large and
obtu: a 0
&
3
e
=
TR
cae
D Va
Pw o
Ag
S
teeth.— Am
Pursh, l. c.; Ell. sk. 9. p. 469; DC! ! prodr. 5. É 51
rone-Solis, &c., Dill. Elth. b 37, f- 42
ac Pe levicaule (DC. ! 1. c.) : and pe. the peduncles smooth and,
glabrous or nearly so; lower pens , often coarsely toothed or sinu-
scabrum l S. As-
, ate-incised, tapering into paio les.—' : , Walt. Car. p. 217.
ae
ges scabrum, Nutt. 2. p. 183?
y sandy soil, «inia! p Florida! and Lobiandb comm
- Ste 9-4 feet “hig . Leaves very scabrous above, less do idend ES.
£ from broadly lanceolate-oblong to rather narrowly puc from
toothed. e
erately winged; the subulate teeth often pue way
$
eni
more or Che fioe the wing, sometimes projecting beyond it, but usually
er.
E ES. ie (Pursh? = is — and glabrous; stem terete, «aso
opposi "Bu
ve; | eg coriaceo e, lanceolate-oblo ong, acu ute Or
ininate .at both ends, rem ispi
lower tapering into margined petioles; the uppermost pleny sessile and ob- .
tuse or even slightly cordate at the base, often entire; heads —— ina
_. loose co: qua
nia sis ori va narrowly winged, emarginate and slightly ips at "ihe
vigatum, Ell. sk. 9. p. 465, not of Pursh, ex char., but pe
Dabiy i te iar ollected by Enslin.
Eger western part of Georgia anges &c. a. and Alabama,
aly- Sept t—Stem 2-3 feet high very
shi
—— S. eeke Me except that t it is
arge, with 12-15 elo: dnb
the achenia not more t agri the size
3 "et js in
" . T » a * Á
*
$
*
»
c
sunt
~
|o» Suemvs. —— * d COMPOSIT E. 279
is t
ri faerie surely i is aoe found in the ow E nadie é of Georgi ta
though there is ome reason to suppose ita native of pu western jim ha-
nies): but the plant may have been described from the mere summit of the
stem of this s species for which, as it is certainly Elliott's qas we. have
retained the
. S. scaberrimum (EL): stem Wien: vue diia eni don pere
when old ise es smooth when ng); vie
what pm rigid, hispid-sc kim ou to di: dius the uppermost
neatly saat dui entire, “the lower aga jito petioles, denticulate or
rate; heads few; sca ee of = Ris -2 gre ciliate, squarrose-sprea nw
ing, the exterior acutish; ach Pes ree) 0 petite very gpa
winged, haere, cleft E the summit 446.
e spid, at leas en you eaves r ea t MEN... the
solitary.
uppermost sessile, the cali petioled ; p ai often ;
Y: hispid and scabrous ; leaves bera wem lanceoate-ovate, 2 d and
alternate, nearly all sessile; heads what panicled.— perrimum,
- compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 99. E — Nutt. ! in DNA Amer.
41.
Western disuiPts of Georgia, Elliott! lind Alabama, Mr. Buckley! SA Ma
Y. Louisiana, Menor d,) ph Hale! Arkansas, eter bed
REA Au —Stem stout, 3-4-feet high. Leaves very ro this
EM Seed of the upper surface, oe from ica sacpilies 47
as TA or larger than those of S. Asteriscus; the rays numerous. Mature
achenia half an inch long, the wing a dm rapta Ttt broad, often with a
istinct callous tooth.—A distinct species, remarkable for its very rough
leaves and aes rounded achenia, es — in its aa and allied
rifoliu
to S. o^
apis (Michx.) : stem quadrangular and striate, eas
don: E ous, opposite, lanceolate-ovate, with a s subcordate sessile
and partly cl pig pee tapering to atf acute o entire, ot sparingly den-
ticulate, a upper surface and margins very scabrous, the lower closely sca- __
brous- ent or often th; heads in a close dice corymb;
` the iterate peduncles short; scales of the involucre rigid, hat
Irose ; ior o te-]
*
1 «ve stem ecd lower surface of the Y ici Adi
even the Sianc s and involucre smooth.—S. lævigatum, PE ak, Le? 2$
speciosum, Ni "1 3 s ri phil. soc. loc.
ains, i ri! and Deo! =
of Arkan- ©
ge
a
p
T
BE
5
ua
iB
jet}
£e
"ed
7
8
HH
E
F
od
ong.—T
in the same locality, and also oon cultivated, the stem being sometimes —
strongly Eus but not cate pee is d smooth: the leaves are =»
" í usually Very gue rous above and closely sc -pubescent beneath; but “3
. Occasionally the lower surface is rough like the upper, and dum n entirely 4"
"a ti. Phe Lo médias Sui in habit. -
Ea | sd
* d
- what foliaceous and cucullate upwardly
280 COMPOSITE. Surm. ©
? Hz
+ * * Stem square, at least below: leaves all opposite, connate, either directly or by
winged petioles.
11. S. perfoliatum (Linn.) : stem stout, square, | the branches often nearly
terete; leaves large, ovate or ovate-oblong, thin; the lower ovate- -deltoid,
_ coarsely toothed, on winged connate petioles 5 ihe upper often nearly entire,
connate-perfoliate and forming a concave disk ; m trichotomous-corym-
bose, the central on a long peduncle; scales of the involuc re ovate, Obtiiles
yo
3354. S. tetragonum & S. scabrum, Mench. s connatum, Michz.! fl. 2.
.146. S ice "ii the stem, bapi es, involucre, a ee ves and glabrous,
the leaves somewhat o (S. perfoliatum of au ; sometimes a
scabrous above, and minutely and softly pube ton i sets or wit
stem hirsute or ab nce atle ast above, with deflexed hairs, and the ‘dives
often hairy (S. co , Linn. mant. p. 574; Willd. spec. 3. p. 2332
Pursh, fl. 2. p. 578; "Do. iP iie r. 5. p. 514): a sta i
scales of we ei larger and more foliaceous is S. conjunctum iia ,
enum. o the achenia, these are frequently obcordate-em
d extremities of he wings e de rounded and niot at all produced (S. erio.
m, DC.! l. c.); or these are produced into ort E o or triangular
kal (S. Hornen anni, DC. ! |. c., which, as to NUR &c. is interme-
diate between S. pecie m. & S. connatum of authors), or into sharp lobes
producing a oe narrow notch, as is represented in Schkuhr, ha ndb. t. 262.
e. Auk so bos as scarcely to admit of being distinguished
oh le
cams, ee qu NT and Ohio! to Kentucky!
Tennessee! and the mountainous portion of the Southern States! July-
Sept.—Stem 4-6 feet high. Leaves 6-19 inches long, 4-8 broad; the radi-
cal somewhat cordate, on ded ceu genio ; the emper connate either by a
wh hes ti
very broad or somewhat narrowed b » eren. e branc sometimes
iigjoined- Heads large ; the rays 1 —Cup-Plan
hrocaulon (Bernh. in Spreng. syst. 3. p. 630): “stem donee. glabrous;
Me a pposite. late, acute, Se ser iy does thed, very seabrous; the
winged petiolés ' perfoliate; „Scales of the involucre hicks nile ET also seems
to be a variety of S. perfoliatu
p 3 k :
W BERLANDIERA. DC. prodr. 5. p. 517 ; De Less. ic. sel. 4. t- 26.
Species of Silphium, DC. d: authors. +
dide ray-flowers pistillate, ligulate, equal in num- a
volucral scales (5-8, rare
&
their axils ; those of the disk tubular, sterile,
the receptacle, two of which are adherent to the base of each inner scale of
the involucre and persistent, the others borne on the m and depressed
summit of the small somewhat turbinate receptacle; the central flowers ôe- -
ly somewhat abortive? and with narrower chaff. * Scales of the .
lis acre foliaceous, in 3 series; the exterior 3—4 3-4, oblong or oval,
second 4 L^ mostly obovate; the innermost (usually _ 5-8)
: *
af
Fool
A el
um
12), and situated ig
part ‘losed by the so !
dilated and obtuse chaffy scales o
# à
F
idal, membranaceò-chartacegut, reticulated. *
:
E:
E x sea jx E E ni, S -
y -* a ; " >
q Bervanpiena. COMPOSITE. 281
T
Corolla of the ray with 2 an oblong subsessile spreading ligule; of the disk
cylindraceous, 5-toothed; the teeth hairy externally. Style in the sterile
flowers undivided, elongated and hispid above. Achenia of the ray in a sin-
gle series, flat, obcompressed, obovate, wingless, not toothed of notched at the
summit, E -nerved on the outer, one-ridged and canescently pubescent on
the inner surface, each more or less stron gly coherent with the flat involucral
scale to which it corresponds and falling away with it, partly covered by the
ad
chaff of the two attached sterile flowers ; the pappus of 2 minute and caducous
setose teeth or short awns : the abortive achenia of the disk linear or Ree
ye. with an obscure coroniform pappus.—Perennial canescent or velvety-tomen-
tose herbs or suffrutescent plants (natives of the Southern United Venet
t Texas, and Northern Mexico), not resiniferous ; with mostly solitary (middle-
sized) pedunculate heads d ot the terete stem or paniculate-corym-
= eee nches; the involucre and summit of the chaff usually canescently |
pub Leaves emn cordate, ovate or oblong, and crenate, sinuate,
or fiis na, thin, veiny. Rays yellow, jübeacsnt externally.
of the disk and anthers sprinkled with reddish resinous globules.
This genus, although well- Vati in ger is imangs i distinguished from Silphium
by its single series of wingless , adhen the large interior involueral a
scales; and, includi nee it does all p^ petens se ul indica nt sp of Silphi à
it leaves that Sene is bet ter defined in habit and-character. It is
dolle, who E ed the genus esi a Texan Pale and cere
rs in all the speci re cc. in all the.
Wers, we suspect that De Candolle Ls aped istaken for abortive p
H i ies, fron he corolla vs es = early peri
—Since our account of this genus s gue red, Mr. Nuttall, w M cae
new genus u ese plants, adop ur suggestion the i
but with the appen ded pesas sion of Silphiastrum. His B. Je -— ix;
kewsir: is doubtless the original B. Taa
- B. Terana (DC. ! l.c.) : herbaceous (suffrutescent DC» rascal and
Peia bikie with jointed often purplish hairs ; leav obloug-ovate, cor-
date, simply or r doubly crenate, minutely hispid-seabrous ger canescent ly
pubescent or hairy beneath; the lowermost petioled ; the — ioe i ses- .
_ Sule; heads somewha corymbose.—B. longifoli ia, Nutt. ! in ans. ans. Amer.
E
“Tn woods, Texas, Berla estern
Arkansas, Nuttall 7 B. Now 0 Oris dae non = Móst ofi re specimens.
rom ..Dr. ets bid a ipen ose) have the rive sess es and.
i Pe pon m parry with. ppt kaia (colored by the deposition
s TTS.
~ but the upper leaves are all sessile, as in De C
ceolate-ovate, an inch or an inch and a half in length ; grim
! ein d but those-at the base of the stem are about 4 a ies ong oue,
very like those of a Betonica, doubly and ugly crenate, on petioles
XR
VOL. 1.—36 ie
»
282 ; COMPOSITE. à
A
=
2. B. tomentosa: iic aa stem softly canescent with p appre Rawat
ctt r1
ly tomentum, simple or branched; leaves ovate o r oblong-ovate, green .
and minutely pubescent im peius and finely tomentose beneath, crenate ;
the uppermost cordate and sessile; the lower ones petioled; heads in small
corymbs, on slender peduncles. —Sil ilphium tomentosum & pumilum, Pursh,
jl. 2. p. 579. S. reticulatum, Pursh, l. c.?. Polymnia Caroliniana, Poir.
; - 7. E
rect or ascending, simple or sparingly brane pif heads few on
Reigate deed pedicels; leaves mostly obtuse; the lower oblong, ‘often
d yae d d toothed at = base Silphium pumilum,
acute a
Michx: ! fl. 2. a diari: st 15: V 2. p. 469; DC.! prodr. 5.
S , Nutt.
| G12. Eein era pa y
and, with the rite vec of the
aN brio clothed w very white
fine tomentum ; heads more uote, corymbose, on shoes potuit
B. pumila, Nutt. / l. c
y. stem scii branched, at length scarcely tomentose ; upper surface of
the leaves one ione
Dry pine b is and plai ns; @ Georgia! to Florida! . Akon e
tall! 3 cen Drunno nd! y. Western Louisiar na, Dr. Leavenworth !
— arying from scarcely a foot to 3 feet high. Leaves 13-2, ‘the
e
lowhitketten 3-4 inches long, and 1 to 2 wide. Pedicels and involtiere to-
entos ien o 1 e u
re founde
We adopted the latter of these pe
» because the plant, although Me for a Silphium, i is one of th
e of the genus to which we have removed it
- B. incisa:
E Bor » Priati: i lane necis rai mostly petioled, sua and
very irregularly incised and toothed, deeply sinuate and pinnatifid towards
the base the r a nd teeth short, obtuse ; heads w lly solitary terminat-
ed peduncles. Si ianum, Forr-!
hiu
2» erg as to the. Spit due collected by Dr. James; but
not the Florida E pore Nox ;
On the Arkansas or Pina: Dr. James !—The specimen is only the upper
portion of a stem, or perhaps a branch, clothed throughout with a very fine
and close whitish velvety tomentum ; but the upper surface of the leaves (2
inches or more in length) less canescent. Except that the stem is. leafy, it
* idera bly resembles B. lyrata, Benth. ! pl. Har tw., which is, however,
quie distinct ffm this or ‘the following species.
B. subacaulis face t
leceent:
nutely oe
single 2g sglacaule, Nu (t. s -L c. Silphium Primate, ” Nutt. P
Sill. jour. 5. p. 301; DC.! prodr.5. p. 512. S. Nuttallianum, Torr. ! l.c.
uM sine short, at ipis bathe: Teaty bel below ; radical leaves oblong ;
the. oblong-s e, somewhat onec vie ; all obtuse, lyrate, or spať-
ingly sinuate, or nearly undi vided ; aati es terminal, very long.
, East Florid: / ES D. rrows ! ub
lee
He
L Maret
; rather rough, particu
ately svat pia ones "with an oblong
*
p
a
LI
TE
Ey
globose.
and the two adja chaffy scales, but at Jenahak
| inga pa, S hy exterior eoat (calyx-tube) is se
3 *
BrntASDIERA. . 2 COMPOSITA. 283
vided terminal lobe. Scopes or peduncles, slender, 6-8 inches long. Head
arge as in B. toment
75. ENGELMANNIA. Torr. § Gray, mss., in Nutt. tags: Amer. phil.
soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 343.
Heads E ey the ray-flowers equal in number to the inner
‘scales of the involucre (8-10), and situated in their axils, aie pila ;
those of the disk tubular, sterile. Scales of the involucre imbricated in abo
3 series, coriaceo-chartaceous, broadly oval or obovate, appressed, rà exte-
rior shortest; all abruptly narrowed. into a foliaceous lanceolate or linear”
spreading appendage, the exterior exeeeding the scale itself in length. Re-
ceptacle flat; the chaff persistent, chartaceous, with foliaceous and hai
‘tips, partly involute and enclosing the sterile flowers; the outer series lance-
or vie two firmly adherent to the base of each inner involucral scale ;
e ol rs very narrowly linear, rather obtuse. Corolla of the ray with an
ob ong exserted sessile ligule; of the disk dilated ‘upwards, 5-toothed, the
teeth somewhat hairy. Style in the sterile flowers u undivided, hispid. Ache-
nia of the ray equal in size to the concave inner involucral scales to which
they are applied, oval-obovate, obcompressed, ‘convex and carinate external-
ly, flat or concave and Ma on the AN seitens potisténp not
winged or toothed, crowned with two l
scent squamellæ, which are more or m united at the base, hispid and fringed ;
those of the disk filiform, abortive, with a minute coroniform pappus.—A pe-
rennial branching rough : and hirsute herb, with branching stems, corym mbose-
paniculate at the somit, and bearing several rather small heads on sendet
peduncles. Leaves alternate, strigose e, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, irr -
larly pinnatifid, with the se egments lanceolate or linear (the lower longest
and divaricate), sessile; the radical petioled and Sums” „Rays yellow,
t = deciduous, pubescent popali
1 9. i
Oh the Canadian, Dr. James! Red Rive “tans etal | Dred Lea-
ven s, Drummond Pl ant 1-3 feet t hig aves i
È : Taras he involucre sabe
"he base of the prea crum bó the base of ihe invo lucral
separat es without kx sd
par
Dis. 4. Ranch , DC.—Fertile and Sterile flowers in the sam
heads; the former T ligulate, - ery or marcescent ; gom
“latter c central, tubul Fertile acl ressed, not corticate or ee
"usually with a callous margin. Pappus none, or 2-squamellate.
x y united. Te
& ae
. " Ln
984 E COMPOSITE. | è Parruenium. @ +
76. PARTHENIUM. et: Gaertn. fr. t. 168; DC. n 5. p. 531.
*
* Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 5, pistillate, fertile’ somewhat jo =
y 5s p
scurely ligulate; one in the axil of each inner scale of the involucre ; those o
the disk tubular, sterile by the abortion of the.style. Involucre hemispherical,
in a double series; the exterior ovate ; the interior nearly orbicular. . Recep-
tacle conical or somewhat cylindrical, covered with membranaceous chaffy
es, which are dilated above and somewhat cucullate, partly sheathing
the flowers of Uu disk, tomentose at the summit. Corolla of the ray very
= short, obcordate, persistent or marcescent; of the disk tubular, somewhat
dilated above. Stamens inserted towards the base of the corolla: anthers”
ney slightly united. Style of the sterile flowers undivided: the branches of the
e style semiterete, obtuse. Achenia (of the ray) compressed, oval or
obovate, smooth, surr ed by a filiform callous margin, which is firmly
coherent at the base na the involucral scale and with a contiguous d
scale of the receptacle on each side, at length tearing away from
Pappus 2-squamellate, or somewhat aristate, sometimes nearly nc
Ubi Herbs or suffrutescent (American) plants, somewhat various in
habit, canescent or hi hirsute-scabrous, with alternate undivided or 1-2-pinnately
cleft leaves. Heads corymbose-cymose or panicled, rarely solitary. Flow-
ers whitish. À ; vt ae
F
o, ^ d Sy p
$ 1. Pappus of 2 very small and slender or awn-like squamelle, sometimes
obsolete: perennial or suffrutescent: leaves toothed or somewhat incised, un-
E em ASTRUM, Dill.,
eu
lowe ioled, often: at ose i base ; ts ali Satoe,
o» corymbed ; exterior scales of the Savehiane somewhat enis penes Spec. .
* — 2. p. 988; Lam. ill. t. 766 ; Michz.! fl. 2. p. 147; Willd. hort. Berol. t. '
4; Schkuhr, handb. t. 993; Nutt. gen. 2. p. Ell. ! sk. 9. p. 474;
DC. l. c. Partheni i bii. Lu (2205, f 999. Piar-
mica Virginiana &c., Pluk. alm. t. 53, f. 5, & 21 9,
ry soil, Maryland! Virginia! to Alabama! cad 4 t to Missouri!
^io cr and Texas! July-Sept.—Stem 1-2 feet E Lower leaves
3-5 inches ioa ng. Heads crowded, about 4 lines in diameter; the scales
closely appressed. Rayi diapers €.
" $2. Pappus of 2 oblong obtuse menbranaceous TE root annual:
leaves bipinnatifid.— Ara rrocux: ve DC. $e
d :
$ 2. P. Hysterophorus (Linn.): hepa and eet canescent,
; se ig gee or dies iet "ue usly bipinmatifid; the upper-
eA heads Avery 1 pe scales of
the ES 275 ; Hook.
enis, Ber-
e hay /
* e X
bts mag. i TM ) ram > C. S pete Pw Cav.
g
Là
+.
E d » &
1 + ee- ‘ P * COMPOSITAE. E 285
Also a native of Mexico and the West CP A resembling those of
& ` Ambrosia artimesizfolia.
` §3. Pappus of 2 oblong-lanceolate membranaceous squamelle, nearly the
~ length of the short truncate tubular corolla : cespitose, dwarf: heads soli-
tary and nearly. sessile among the spatulate-linear canescent leaves at the
. summit of eadh division of the eli neous caudex | oii on tae Nutt.
and
crowned vith the vell of former eaves and with a tuft of White | iet ;
. leaves densely tufted, entire, silve nescent ; corolla of the sy =
* © exserted, truncate, slig ghtly Peter ir: —Bolophyta alpina, Nutt. / in. trans.
Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 347
In ue Rocky Mountains, towards the sources of the Pla tte, in about lat t.
499 aoe rocks at the summit of a lofty hill, near the place called the
^ era an c
* wide, tapering into short aolas p -nerved. He ads rg among the
leaves, about as large as those of P. inte Vd c ad: entirely similardn
structure ; except that the rays, if they may be so called, a ecce s weed
tubular, with an obscure emargination anterio: rly and posterio orly.
N
e pap-
pus, which escaped Mr. uttall’s notice, consists ce. oe ovate-lanceo- |
late or dana ag is ony Riese or tooth on each “aed beoe perhaps
withers away as achen ens. Excepting the h nicum, ie , we
find nothing M eri to distinguish «this little plant fous pi :
yond the more reduced corolla of the ray.
gt
ET
Div. 5. Iver, DC.—Fertile and sterile flowers in the same -heads, all
* : Wt.
tubular, or the former rarely apetalous. Pappus coroniform, 4-awned, or_
^
none. Anthers approximate but distinct: filaments wt towards the
base of the corolla. Style of the fertile flowers mostly 2-part
ree - OYCLACHENA. Seman ind. sem. hort. Franc. 1836, p. 4, § in
Linnea, 12, suppl. p. 78.
(Polygamo-subdicecious ; the barren plant SHular to the fertile, but not
ertilizing its ovaries.) Fertile and sterile flowers in the same heads; the
- former 5, in the axils of the inner scales of the involucre, with no corolla ora
mere rudiment ; the a 10-15, with an obconical 5-toothed corolla, (near-
ly destitute of proper tube) ; the central’ones abortive. Scales of the flattish
hemispherical xima usually 10, in 2 series; the ex exterior 5, ovate, n
what ‘acuminate, thickish, herbaceous sithe interior dilated-obovate, trur nc
membranaceous, at nee loosely wrapped around the achenia. RéMpu-
cle sm all, flat ; ji chaff linear-spatulate, usually wanting towards the cen-
- ited, tipped: with an inflexed mucronate appendage.
owers deeply -9-clefi, lineaf, acutish; in the sterile
wir a m ndivided, a a at the apex. Achenia obovate, obcom-
turgid, not margined, glabrous, entirely destitute of pap-
E [end staminate flowers with no rudiments of ovaries.—A tall adin coarse
4
itt
&
wu
E 2» E
- les cw ih. *
3
"n
Ld
A
T
i sd e s Nc
" w " ; E "- e j ; ioe
è i w re o
286 COMPOSITA. * ' æ CYCLACHENA. *
E
* T i "
. Y. d " .
annual; the $n simple and more or less branched at the summit; they,
leaves opposite, ovate or subcordate, acuminate, doubly or unequally serrate,
. 3-nerved, hirsute-canescent or pubescent. beneath, * somewhat scabrous, on
long petioles. Heads small, greenish, ebracteate, sessile and often glomer-
ate, disposed iu compound terminal and axillary spikes, ee a Inr a
an i
en as
/ C dant hii ifolia (Pr resenius, l. c. )—1va deg p B e 2. p. 185.
I. Eon s) xanthifolia & paniculata, Nutt.! in trans. er. phil. soc. (n.
ser.) 7.
In alluvia l soil, Tones Missouri near Fort Mandan &c., Nuttall! Prince ta
Neu-wied (seeds from which the plant was raised in the Frankfort Botanic
Garden) to the Rocky Mo aes Nuttall!—Scales of the involucre some-
2 k ries
what hairy externally and ciliate, diens as long as ne isk. Ova
minutely somewhat hairy t te summit when young ngth glabrous; >
the corolla duced toa minute ri ng surr roundin ing the babs : ao “style. DM
are not v that the plant is truly polygamo-dicecious, since the styles
w
1 uttall considers the Qd panh we apparenay pee ;.the fer-
ti aries of Iva ae ae at firs nall lik but int is M
the inner involucral e also proportionally Be rrey in size, so as to
readily overlooked, i SERY they have been by Mr. Nuttall. We have ;
fe men Fes a plant | cultivated in Mr. age s garden, exhibiting the
bad a som onstrous state ; the of the fertile flowers fre-
quen ;3 or 4, and thse of r. ks erior sede 2- cleft; the ‘former showing
an a eonia. ; thee he disk-flo AR -nerve ed; “the receptacle
towards the margin fu amish Pih dilated aod somewhat cucullate chaff;
while in the wild plant the c aff is burg nearly p ie wanting.—E xcept-
opposite leaves, this pla as the habit as w a as the inflor-
many of the characters of daniele DE [^ e.Less. ie. 4. t
238); d A , indeed, it might be deemed a sec that bend
-prove t e an inner series of Edere scales, mun to ia whick ie
Drtssutad 1 in the ach as one of the palez of the' receptacle.
" v8. IVA. tae ; Gerin. fr.t. 164; DC. prodr. 5. » 529.
Fertile and sterile flow ers in the same > heads; the former few (1-5), mar-
ginal, with a small tubular corolla; the latter-several (7-20, rarely only 2 ot
3), witha tubular-campanulate or infundibuliform 5-toothed corolla. Scales
the campanulate or hemispherical involucre 3-5 in a single series, and of-
ten more or less united, or 6-9 and imbrieated, usually ovate or orbicular
and somewhat fleshy. Receptacle small, chaffy ; the chaff linear or spatu-
late. Anthers sometimes with a mucronate inflexed appendage, distinct or
arly so. Style in the fertilé flowers deeply 2-cleft ; nches linear or
-subulate, one of them often imperfect ; in the e pue undivi-
1, usually with the apex radiate-penicillate. Achellia obovoid, somewhat
ruber adit wholly destitute of pappus; the sterile flowers with rudimen-
tary ovaries.—Her Whcpotts or shrubby commonly maritime (hern
plants. Leaves opposite saute upper alternate, often thick or fleshy, 1-3-
. Heads solitary or ternate in the axils of t he upperdeaves, or of fo-
: ope uci ae or spicate raéemes, deflexed. Corolla green-
s c HE OX
E
* * 5 "
y
k
Ying!
i " we ; s " LI
Doha s "e; | COMPOSITE. E Ty
8 1. Involuere Es -flowered, composed of 3-5 distinct and nearly 1-seriate,
le e y united scales. " LÀ
1. I. ciliata (Willd.) : ‘annual, hirsute or m reed d OPPO,
site, on gamer hispid or ciliate petioles, ovate, sely an
regularly serrate-toothed, scabrous above, softly Pahsicnt. or r slightly canes-
* cent beneath; Eee iat ones ovate-lanceolate ; spikes dense, elongated,
»paniculate; the conspicuous lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate bracts and the
^ (3-4, distinct) roundish unequal scales of this involucre, hispidly Rebus fer-
tile floxere mostly 3 ; chaff of the receptacle came orm.— ww spec. c. 9.
ursh, fl. 2. p. 580; DC. l c. l.annua, Michz.! fl. 2. p.
not of Es. Arosa 2 lva) Pitcheri, Torr. ! "mss. (in he rb. "Hook.) ;
| Wed compan. t : p.
8. bracts Blas iod ich elongated, ciliate only near the base.—Ambro-
: sia Pitcheri 3., Hook.
F. Swamps and moist Macs. Pairs and od Missouri! jo 1 Louisiana! Arkan
. * sas! and Texas! common Oct feet op coarse end
weed-like in appearance, with a the habit on an. Abr Leaves 3-4
na long. Spikes 3-6 inches long, numerous; the band eve id (ind.
many times longer) than xe deflexed almost ses i“ ae ‘the
involucro 3, rarely 4 or 5, very obtuse, unequal. flowers
x m ti when Bos ng; the corolla isa dery rune cate. hele
ipe penicillate 3
ed freta ipe. ): shrubby, nearly Bee mach branched pu
VA da the upper ones alternate, little ko m or lanceol £4
w pat scabrous, Coail and sharply serrate ; the uppermost, or b: ine-
d ]-globose, somewhat pe
rin pairs in the axils of the. bracteal leaves, forming foliaceous paniculate
x rae emes ; scales of the involu cre 5, orbicular, Kew €— ferti e flow-
cha —Lin -
ers 5; chaff of di seeeptacle linear-filiform i hy
spec. 9. «p. 9893 Watt. ! Car. p. 3321 Los: ‘ll. t 6. f.2 If.
F p.184; ween c ; Pursh! fl 9. p. 580; Ell. x 2. pu; "Riad. Jt.
ed. 2
DC!
-CO eed dide shores of large rivers near the ocean, ? Massachu-
setts! to Florida! and Louisiana ; common. Sb aguas a ripe 3-8 feet
i h
high; (A Ln annually dying down to r the ground in the Northern `
States. Lea a grex hue, sometimes ternate. Heads recurved,
greenish. Corolla 1 e fertile flow very s aall, 2-5 toothed. pieta
pecies,— Mar. arsh
| when young ated pi. resinous db as in io
ue
sx I axillaris (Pursh): much branched from the somewhat ligneous
E. covered with minute appressed hairs or nearly glabrous ; leaves alter-
anc
base, sessile;
* P- 743; a. T 185; Hook. ! fl. Bor-Am. 1. p. 309, t. 106.
axill INutt.! in trans. rues il. soc. a ser) 7 p.
: . ee aap sa xu il "i bs e qoe Nuttall! Mr.
bm pus "he Oregon from the
Sr
the
rved ‘pedicels; i scales
: T
4
es s W TI
268 COMPOSITAE. ~ E @.
» irs of Glau ariima; | Leaves about an inch long, varying] Sele ^ -
o half an s eadth, pale; the close strigose pu e (traces of .
& wi are : t A visible with a lens) scarcely perceptible to the
naked e pt on the margins. The invo olucral scales
“nearly or quite CEU (I. axillaris, Nuit. l. c. exeladin ;
Hooker) $ sometimes variably united, e: described ànd figu
when it is the I. flj , Nútte lac. „But Mr. Nicollet’s specimens from the *
Missouri (in whic FE are as Pien ly_3-nerved and hairy as in any *
state of the species) have t "scales in some CENE united to the —
_ while more commonly they are nearly distinc
T. nein ala (Nutt.) : stem VEA E. virgately branched ;
heals very small, nearly sessile in the axils of the n arrowly linear and fles shy
ssile entire alternate eaves, nodding ; Ed of the involucre 4-5, distinct; -
donis about 6, th ree of them pistillate.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. |. c. r
Florida, Dr. Baldwin!—Leaves about half an inch long "s i c a we
wide: the capitula hot larger than an n pin’s head. Nut ac s DA:
* § 2. Scales of the many-flowered involucre 6-9, imbricated in 9-4 series. ©
5. I. imbricata (Walt.). : perennial, herbaceous o or neart, y so, mostl
= branches UR g; leaves commonly alternate, fleshy, pet Fer 4
ien iiti tapering to the base, edes obscurely 3-nerved, entire or den-
hte ate; heads so press or in pairs in Es axils of the upper leaves, on i
short Deitel, forming foliaceous spikes ot racemes ; exterior scales of the
: involucre orbicular, fles jS w ith harrow scarious margin; the interior ob-
=a" ovate, the scarious marzin lacerate-denti ; fertile flowers d € of
= the el eptacle atu mnflt.— Walt. ! Cone
3 Bll. Leeks 2. 4
Dc. 4 T js
odr.
wl CES E le ae N. Camb Florida! and Louisi anat Also Key >
Ribs: iens ipa oad July-Oct.—Plant 1-2 feet high, suffrutescent at the
out an inc (a em orolla of the fertile flowers very small
or irregularly cleft. Fertilé style divided n ed or quite
Ciis linear, rather obtuse, o e of them ager zabor-
Ste rile S. d.
me by tho fertile branches ae ; of the barren ones cuneate- nus | ser-
LI RA the plgpt h has an Pirremeli. strong odor & honey." MM. A.
x
§ 3. Seas turbinate, composed of 3 scales united nearly to the de ee
3-6-flowered, the fertile flowers solitary.—Monach hæna. g
: ngustifolia TN — o esti : stem erect or de-
: e die at the base, m nched; leaves: saei — jar apr
"dm nerved, ring = bs e or somewh a de =
: m subse rae Jele exed, forming
form, minute Nut. ! t T
lo ed.
ven Wiem Louisiana, Dr.
Le teemorth Rug. —Sept. amid 1-3
be and soniew vhat c canesc Vi
es lo and 1-3 line idet
Ost sei aceous, erra vel
oon
:
Ez.
Iwi LA «COMPOSITA. * 289
ni short, glabrous, not thickened at the summit. o» somewhat
mpre ssed. "x P ; " t
79. PIGROTHAMNUS. Nutt. in trans. Ang. phil. soc. (n. ^b p. A17-
Fertile 8 sterile flowers in the same holds; the former 3-57] arginal,
with a very small obliquely truncate and obscurely 2-3-toothed corolla ; the
latter about 10, with an infundibuliform 5- toothed corolla, inflated at the sum-
mit. Scales of the depressed- -hemispherical involucre ‘about 5, orbicular,
distinct. Receptacle flat, naked. Sterile flowers destitute of ovaries; the
7
+
abortive style entire, with a radiate-penicillate summit. Style in the fertile
ote flowers | deeply 2-cleft; the branches subulate-linear, glabrous. Achenia
d obovoid-oblong, terete, entirely clothed, as well as their uud and the
tube of thesterile corolla, with very long and tortuous woolly hairs.—A low
rigid suffruticose plant, with the habit of Artemisia, inest FER We sa
E much branched ; the. branches spinesc scent. Leaves small, sje. / or
“crowded, petioled, pedately or 2-ternately divided. Aa i ci in short
and somewhat loose racemes or spikes; the rachis p t and spinescent.
J Flowers pale yellow.
P. desertorum (Nutt. ! 1. c.) a be TA
Arid deserts in the Rocky Mountains, towards Is th ¡north sourc
Platte, Nuttall P Plan bier vo the taste f- whence the name), 4-1
hi — Nuttall ires ly refer pd Et le s. next to Clibadium : but
the eads a accord , except in the naked rece dod
cle, = the woolly hairs of : e v achenia nd corolla.
hes
Divas" A mew SIEE, s —Fertile and sterile Dm in different
headson the same individual; the former (1-4) often apetalous ; the latter
tubu ar Scales of the i involucre in the cae heads’ — into an pe or |
oblong persistent cov rin ing
€ ge including J HMrvvsuu
often prickly or spinose. 'appus s none. Anthe rs approximate, but OA
or my slightly nde filaments inserted at the base of 2
- "Ebo. AMBROSIA. Tourn. ; Linn; er^ fet 164; Schkuhr, handb. t.
292 ; DC. pr 5. p. 524.
Sterile * occupying the upp pi p pEr fertile at the base of the ra-
: 3 or spikes, or in the axils of the upper - . Sree de ^ *
> Ha attish, Pun. , or séimewhat iios. PREE, $i
: anie maai naked, or usually w
-infundibuliform or turbinate, 5-toothed.
Anthers tipped with a Moos pero inflexéd appe pendage.
none or rudimentary : abortive style included, minutely fimbriate or radiate-
. Penicillate at the summit. £ Fr. Involucre globose-ovoid, oblong,
or tur losed, ly ner d near the summit with ifs ber
mg x. $1837 ; “i
das m7 2 " Li
dirum,
We cid ES " F d
* - x
i. 4 2 ; m
aw © Š, COMPOSITE. Amprosia.
à cles or horns ii isle series, 1-flowered. Corolla none. Stamens none.
" Branches of th sty le filiform, elongated. Achenium ovoid or obovoid.— is
Herbaceous or y suffrutescent weed- -like plants (chiefly American), with
opposite or alternate mostly lobed leaves. Branches: terminating in racemes
Sd or spikes, which are simple and. sterile above. Sterile heads ebracteate.
a Fertile heads clustered at thé-bas For the sterile spikes and bracteate, or ses- -
es in the axils of the upper pe Corolla whitish. vB *
ing, De Candollg ie. cae E Franseria from Ambrosia by the cha ff
y re-
sepace ri the sterile flowers, the presence of an abortive style, and the echinate fer-
tile involuere as in Xanthium, which petes in Franseria proper ($ X iopsis
DC.)1 ^x o be 2-4-celled: but that genus must depend upon the latter characters
alone (at least so far as the section Ce na is concerned, of which only we ha
s èn ens); forall the species ¢ b we | have a sterile
style, and t A. trifid artemisiæfolia exhibit the same chaffy receptacle *
* nseria.. In the xican ticosa var. canescens, Ben Hartw., the :
x z scales are conspicuously dilated at the summit one appears to have re-
No
rked the setiform inflexed appendage of the anthers i in ee viec —A. bidentata,
Michx. might perhaps be property ra p the
§ 1. Sterile heads more or less peli bh; the involucre regular, with the
margin crenate or nearly entire: fruit (fertile involucre) subglobose or obo-
void.—Evamprosia. — se
* Involucre of the. ‘sterile heads 3-ribbed : pcoobinde naked: fertile heads glomerate at
the base of the sterile spici ne ; ihg clusters cita fnot: leaves op-
posite, undivided or palmatety T
E
1. A. trifida a (Linn): stem tall "A stout, hairy, rough ; leaves scabrou
an d hairy, deeply 3-lobed; the lobes oval- visit acuminate, eine
the lower leaves often 5-lobed ;' petiole es narro ciliate; racemes
narrowly winged,
n Doc fruit M rtile sot i d tarbinatessbovoid, “with a short
: ed s a
e illi
cles.—L iamen aes 2. ai 987; Michz.! fi. 2 p. 183 ; Wlld.! specs 4+ P»
WR. 3:5; Pursh, fl. 2. p881; Ell E sk. 9. p. 476; DO.? prodr. 5. p. 527 5
T a arlin, Cups p.409; Hooks fl Bor.-Am. 2. p. 26.. A. Virginian na &c.,
: B. ih 2 foras AA ves rate or oval-oblong, acuminate, someti mes the up-
am and, often 1 the lower ones 3-lobed.—A. integrifolia, Muhl. in. W illd. ! j
; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 580 ; C. lc
OW * grounds and along streams, Canada] ` Georgia ! and west to Lovie
E^ rkansas! Aug.-Sept.—(1) Sterm 4-sided, 4-9 feet high (some-.
umen] according to Dr. kin), branching above, Leaves
aa e. i; cruel of the ey s heads with Mon z dark purple radiate ribs,
Rn oak they side farthest from the axis of the aceme. Corolla g er
hite. -campanulate, Eon Mera atthe base. Fruit 4
a B long.— may ot unsightly ple re.
lias fertile
emes de in the = es pue P
pinnatel: y cleft or parted, al-
j a A TWIN petioled, ae thick, bipinnatifid, me you
^. (California, ex
d P +
LI
-ANPROSIA. — , COMPOSITH: — E NX
hirsute-tomen
e on both sides; spikes few, the terminal one 1 ongest; receptacle of
sis neis are chay 3 fruit d» ertile doses a obovoid, villous when
young, unarm C.! prodr. 5. p. 525.
Sea-shore, Key! Wes Mr. a Mr. Blodgett !—Whole plant some-
what hirsute-canescent, 12-15 inche b be leaves bipinnatifid,; the
ering stems erect or ascending, itr Maus at the en yu leaves rid
s high.
* ultimate s gn nen ee disses the uppermost oce woes ternate, often sim apiy a
pinna the segments linear, entire I b Fertile involucre ~
with aoi: 4 obscure inflexec teeth near An summ 4
3. A. ar. VY MAR A (Linn.): annual; stem sparsely or rather de sely
e or pubesc s panieulately branched ; leaves bipinnatifid, ive d
ose-pubescent, s imos st A ora s above, paler and frequently somewhat
Sis escent beneath ; the prennon simply pinnatifid; the lower opposite ;
ate, ; acle o
r bow:
Doe flowers naked ; fertile heads solitary o or glomerate along cad lower part
of the racemes and bracteate, or in the axils of the ee leaves; fruit ob-
ovoid or subglobose, ooy p rm armed with € 6 short ae 2
spines or cath: — Linn spec. 2. p. ; Lam. ill. .1; Wil
spec. 4. p. 376; Ell. Sk 2. p- 437 DG C. prodr 5. eng dide. A. elation
Linn. ! l. c.; Willd. ! Les eo f 9. p. 581; Eli. l.c.; Bigel.
Bost. ed. 2. p. 343 ; Hook.! fl. Bor.- i p pose Ths Sl. Cesi: Spe
479; DC.! i.c. A. abs ynthifolia, licha.
B. cau line lea: aves 1-2-pinnatifid ; those 5j the v? dun nearly s aree the
uppermost lanceolate, pe or somewhat lobed at the bas ge a
phylla, Muhl. » Willd. ! spec. 4. p. 378; Pursh, l.c. z T
^Y. fertile heads glomerate in nde anly of the leaves and o d aon ort axillary
branchlets or spikes, a and. mo rece or r paniculate ; the sterile
aen es very short.
ô. less laicos: fruit e. jeter smaller) with the spines orte
very short or obsolete.—A. paniculata, Michz.! 2. p. illd.
l. c.; Ells 1. c.; C Le ; Hook. lec. partly ? Iva monophylla, Walt. ]
Car. p. 232.
and pastures, roadsides, and waste ace Canaga ! ! to Florida!
a troublesome weed in cultivated grounds.
rn. bot. pe Jul Sep —Stem 1-3 or 4
d; the;
Dry fields
Louisiana ! d Texas ! often
e L
nam
e io Hoge
onopifolia : annu ual? canescent- strigose, at length much hanke,
. As co
E m ied rigid; the u[ lanceolate«or oblong-lanceolate, sessile ;
deeply and somewhat remotel mn or incised; the ten opposite and
somewhat bipinnatifid, on gined pe i
Spicate racemes , the erect shally ^: heads so r some
^ veg ed at the base of the steri e axils. of "the upper leaves; h
foisted, hairy.—A. hispida,
6, E a of Pursh. .
| to Devil's Lake, Mr.» Nicollet D
-Sept.—Stem erect, 1-5 - high, often
with very closely PT hairs, both sides
p sprinkled with Suec dpt globules; th «e
segments rather ^ ant, ading, oblong or lanceolate. Steril mes or
Spikes p ali TCI. = preceding; the eer
=g
c4 5
-—
a
$
P
:
*ogo € C COMPOSITE. Amprosta. £
larger: involucre r hispid. Chaff of the at sag filiform. Mature
fruit twice as large artemisiefolia, pubescent towards ies summit,
obscurely Sink gala es "ibi bits, entirely destitute of Dui or horn
- longistylis (Nutt.): annual, scabrous; stem mE x poa
. leaves pinnatifid ; the segments oblong-linear; bracts entire ; ferti e flower
- axillary, conglomerate, with exceedingly long styles; fruit cornute, spiny g
the summit; sterile flowers about 30, in a slightly toothed involucre; the
* vai gy Pasa tae paleaceous; cusps of the anthers filiform. Nutt. ! in
il. soc. l. c. p.
» ocky . Mountains: allied to Franseria, Nuttall !—Plant irga T
§ 2. Sterile heads closely aeia densely aggregated ina cylindrical sessile
spike terminating” the or branches: the involi tur binate, truncate,
_ the inner margin ues into a long and conspicuous" lanceolate, hispid,
: ~ decurved. or cucullate tooth or RAM: receptacle chaffy: fruit (fertile —
“involucre) oblong, 4-angled and somewhat prismatic, solitary y or clustered in
the axils of the lanceolate closely sessile 1-nerved leaves ue dept cies
. A. bidentata (Michx. ): annual ; stem hirsute with R. ^ ER the
la simple; leaves very numerous, mostly alterfiate, hirsute or hi spid,
partly clasping, commonly with a short spreading lobe or riva eed on each
side near the base, entire above, or rarely remotely serrate, acute; sterile
spike squarrose with the recurved very hispid appendage of the ` Etetucteis
D
"d
B
z
d
9.
pai
—
m
S
eo
=
n
Ó
hs `
[s]
=|
3
oy
t
pr
[e]
B
wm
£5
n
B
£u
lem
o
Ee
T
Piar
Stem eet high. Leaves 1-2 inches lon ng. Serio pede very dense ;
the appendages of the involucres, which are twice or thrice the length of the
involi itsel i ra tile heads nume
ec
minutely ubescent, when mature about 4 lines long, including the rigid
RP oi pna horn oF nim: Achenium conformed to the cavity of the
ucre.
EV
TOM HT
ful Species T
E
4 Ey. A. cat oen): canescent-hispid throughout ; ace bipinnatifid,
pe vsu, incised; racemes terminal, somewhat paniculate. Pursh, fl.
Supp
South Carolina, "Pag AS det ue wem E foot high: flowers
ES "s n A. trifida. Pursh.
é
losa (Nutt.): perennial; stem low; o px the .
lower sors white e ren ntose; spikes solitary. Nutt. gen. 2. p. 186. f
Upper ; 1-2 feet t high. Nuttall.
S
o
ce 81. FRANSERIA,- Cas. i ic. da t. 200; Willd. hort. Berol. t. 4 DC.
Pe
‘ * Sterile heads occupying the upper portion, the fertile the base of the ra- wp
cemes or spikes. SrExrLE Fr. Involucre hemispherical, composed of
2-12 united scales, 15-20-flowered. Receptacle“flattish, chaffy; the chaff
uliform, 4-5-toothed. Anthers tipped with a mu-
ppendage. _ Ovary ı ortive siyle included, 4
;*
sy B AT »
OS enserra. COMPOSIT A. | 293
radiate-penicillate at the summit. FERTILE Fr. Involucre ovoid or oblong,
closed, covered with uncinate or spinescent prickles (composed therefore of
numerous pluriseriate united scales, each tipped with a prickle), 1-4-celled,
with asingle flower in each. Corolla none, or a radiment appressed to the
Stamens none. Branches of the style filiform, obtuse at
ec
Ead
e
[1]
roy
inl
paan
©
the summit. Achenia oblong.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent (American) ib
plants, with alternate coarsely toothed or lobed, or 1-2-pinnately- parted
leaves; the fertile heads somewhat aggregated at the base of the sterile sae T
or racemes; the evolution of the latter mey centripetal ! Sterile heads
^ wn
R^ * Mu i, * d
$ y Ferdlé wollte Qeelled) armed with qu MAN. Auer DC.
^ > + Perennial or suffruticose. Sli
-~ 1. F. Chamissonis (Less.) : hi inis -canescent ; stems détibnbeni stout ;
R ; leaves roundish-elliptical, crenate-toothed, M arrowed into a long
petiole; involucre of the d usely spicate sterile hea 0-12: oothed, hirsutes
i dg o rate and
. Chamissonis a. malviefolia, Less. in Linnea, 5. p. 507 ;
B. cuneifolia: leaves oval or elliptical, taperin ud i -nerved
base into a long peuso] the upper often po toothe d Es ido neifolia, +
* Nutt. ! in i ans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7
Coast of California, Chamisso. : p. Mo ath of ^: ‘Oregon, Nuttall '—Stem
(ligneous at the base, Less. ; succulent t, Nutt.) - 1-2 feet long. oly ties
marks that one of hi divid "
and in Nuttall's specie they are sometimes incised ; so that the | following *
uu as it appear s, may not be distinct..
tfid Qt): herbaceous ; ; stems decumbent, ihk
i fruc rt an -Nutt. ! :
- Chamissonis 9. d sva cp ess. |. c. 7 IO. ! Lc. Sa crease
k. fl. -Am. , as to spec. from N. W. Coast? (but r spe
cimen has no flowers.
; Jie of California,very , common, Chamisso, eue Nuttall? Koik,
Scouler ! va
< 3. F. ila (N tte! l c. Ay y-canescen yw. on long peti tioles
M aap aids the im ate të segments near-oblong, crowded sterile involücres
thed, a
* : "Scl Diode, | California, call /—Plant 4-6 inches QUEE Spike not em
Serted beyond the leaves. We have not seen the fru
T Nutt.! l.c.): root creeping; leaves itereupely bipin-
gern e dues Hex osely canescent-toment ose benea' th; a
_ Subovate, acute, confluent on the wide rachis; stem ave "with the later
br nches decumbent ; sterile involucres about 5-6-toothed. Nutt. > ae
.. Rocky Mountains near ‘of the West. A very remarkable
Lu ces h bescent. Leaves
~ »8ud distinct specie ovn out a span anes m e^ tly pu fruit’
o Cwhh' arte tline, putr 6 inches lo EU e flowers few: fruit
1 Es ae i i ave not seen = fully voie y flowers, nor the — |
y ; A 3
- SA , " a. - E. a
x LI |
. P 4 * o .- ¥ i á A d» ^s
S» T Us COMPOSIT E. 2 FRANSEBM. D
Ea AR E ; E j A
LJ S EM Ai EE Lo x
(ue t * Annual. (Ambrosidium, Nutt.)
rd hii v
$ Het Q (Nut.)- : much branched, T e a ; stem scabrous and
more or hirsute ; leaves bipinnatifid, with few oblong or somewhat de
segments, strigose-canescent; race Notting sterile involuc
cleft, ge lowered ; E Mr hetiferous involucre coyered wit we or or more) ^
long ang g or flattis h spreading spines.—F. Hookeriana & F. montana,
dS Nu it. ! l. c. mbrosia o Ho om ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 309. "
Saskatchaw st the Oregon River, Douglas ! fenem and near the
^ sources of the o Colorado. of the West, Nuttall |/ —Fertile portion of the racemes
.. often as long rile, frequently leafy at t ug ehe and partly com-
E pied Sterile! a cA ga liform duse
He à sf ^ en.
.. 89. XANTHIUM.. Tourn. inst. t t. 252; sri ; -— fret. 1645 2
s Schlaht, handb. t. 291 ; €. Ay 4
lonterate-spicate ; ‘the spikes sterile'at "^ des Shna Fu.
numerous it ebplobose heads ; ; the scales of the involucre distinct, in a sin-
series. Receptacle oblong or cylindraceous, ‘chaffy. tamens inserted .
a i base of eg short. aud dilated 5- toothed and somewhat hairy corolla?»
anthers distinct, but connivent. Style abortive, undivided. F ERTILE Fu, two,
enclosed in a 2-celled uc Or oblong “eoriace eous doka” involucre, w ich i
a -clothed with hooked prickles and terminated, by Tor 2 stout eaks. r
filiform. Stamens none. Branches of the style linear-flifom. Acheni
solitary i in each cell of the involucre, oblong, flat.—C oarse annual peto *
: with kom ae and alternate, petioled, lobed g Me leave Se
suh
Buordate, Lis inéised, or toothed, with no spines at thetr bap
ous involucre with 2 beaks.— Euxanthium, DU. »
x
+
Pn i
ISX. Pe. S m (Linn. y ictiferoüs involucre oval, oaa pae
= cent; the beaks straight (appressed or utes pis 3-5-lobed incise-
~ ataw Ty-toothed ; the lobes gem os c. (ed. 9 1400 ; Fl. Dan.
ec Lam. ill. t. 765, f-1 ; nal. bot. t. 2544 ; Dc. ! gis oF
d B. D HER involucre ; pobeiesct and
ue bes eas, straight or sli rved ; EOS su
majus C nadense, Herm p.651. X. e us.
ws Moris. hist, 3. p. 604. sect. 15. p 2, 2, 23 "X. Canadense
2? Hook. & Arn. A Tages Mg, . medi
š E t. 3217 ? excl. . Americ , Walt. Car. p. 231?
. ,carpon. f. bait, DC AER X. strumar m, m
Ell. sk. 2. p. 479? T
around barnyards, &c., apparentl
Blade Pit fruit a little s
Fields, &c., Cm
E WS T "C ^ * * - u^
D oe dl — 2 AK M. “=
ae m ». f 5 z : ; ; © 3r EP
i me. E COMPOSIT£. : SES S...
N im ' À
* more or less incurved beaks ; ; stem and vage weis stag eti goods spotted ;
leaves seabrous, broadly subcordate, obtuse, i arly | tien toothed, ob-
scurely lobed.—Murr. comm. Galt. 6 (17 rs P id t4 (ods ure) ;
Willd. spec. 4. p. 374. X. maculatum, gr E y p. 151.
. > X-orientale, Muhl. cat. p. 89; Nutt. gen. 2 in" 3 s pl. New
"s York, p. 73; not of Linn. sos esci “DC. I — .5. p. 523, in
bot. p. 910
B. prickles of the oval-oblong fructiferous involucre stouter and less diae
1 ed ; leaves incisely lobed. `
aste places near salt water, Massachusetts £ and New York !
T:
feet high. Mature fruit ‘about an inch and a quarter iene M three-
- fourths to nearly an inch broad, including the slender but rigid recurv
ji p spreading prickieiiiith which it is very densely invested, and which, as well .
as the bea ks. are elothed with rigid Busy hairs. This i S deny e different
DC.,
fro om the X. nacrocarpon, which has an oblong frui ry stout,
^ — suberect and scattered prickles. Murray's plant was raise seeds col-
“lected at New York by Wangenheim. We have never = it e a vs
tance from the se t, except the specimens of | which a
ever, est a region which abounds in salt marshes These Ai Aona á
^ «X. macrocarpon, and may prove to belong to ‘that species ; but they are ap-
parehily i ina stunted state. -
3449 on onved into the P furnished with spines — base:
d "i eee dnvolucre with a Single beakt.—Acanthoxanthium, 5
m (Linn.) : spines at the base of the leaves 3-parted, sl id
; branched ; „leav es ovate-lanceolate, cuneate at the base, entire or
ewhat 3 lobe d, with the middle lobe _prolonged, acuminate, the lower ©
i MIR aa ihe veins of tae canescent; invo lucre, cyl al-oblong,
Mee an sere bea the Pg rap ae der. yong y sr us
4797 :
a jn ! the perfect flowers Often somewhat
“ite
gument, not
fertile, rarely nome. po E & thick outer -
mpresse
anda discoid ; e the disk- -flowers ene k
jA " we : de x " i $ i :
296 COMPOSITE. XANTHIUM. |
. B6. Batsamorniza. Rays numerous, Pappus none. ae flat.
$ 87. Herrorsis. Rays 258 Pappus none. Receptacle coni
88. Bi gP A Rays 6-9. Pappus none. I of he exterior invo-
a re 4, oneous united towards the bas |
i 89. n: EST -12.. Pappus. of numerous distinct, small. mà d rigid scales, ¥ i
* Exterior involucre of 45 foliaceous scales united below pii
*
Div. 9. bin Loi dus sterile. Achenia never obcompressed.
305 e k
" i i Y Pappus coroniform, somewhat 2-toothed, or none.
EA + Receptacle conical.or columnar.
tag 00. ECHINACEA. Achenia quadrangular. Chaff with a ^ vnnd cusp.
<>. 91, RupsECKIA. Achenia quadrangular. Chaff navicular or c
92. Lepacuys. "maple compressed, somewhat He - dE PON Chaff
trunc
x
H
93. Dnacoris. CN terete. Chaff linear.
E-- x " + + Receptacle flat or convex.
94. GYMNOPSI 8. Pippa coroniform. Achenia enclosed in in pap
95. Mese pee s none. Margins of th nia villous. :
4
—-—-— "x
* E P NES Lew ;
m CEU * * Paj tiform oi medie j s
*
du TS ve price Seppie of 4 squamiellæ and 2 awns. Involucre Mindy im-
E 9n Hevianta Us, ae appus of 2 chaffy — and often 24 squamelle, caducous.
i ; Involucre imbricated. Achenia wingless å
: LU Pappu us Ideerate-toothed or damned at the — Achenia
slightly winged or margined. :
E Actrxostents, Ag of 2 persistent awns. - Achenia acs
st Dib. 3: Contorsivex. TAE sterile. Achenia obcompressed, not rostrate. Awns
not cca d hispid.
300. Acanista. Achenia villous. fipa of 2 long chaffy aien us a
. Cor REOPSIS,. Achenia mostly emos ; ^ fs
l^ ed tec sedi Ache enia either cbeompressed or mee
"Awns retrorsely hispid.
. ae 108. Co SMos, Achenia rostrate. A wns deciduous. Chaff slen deri 2€ r
ka WS Cosmica Achenia not rostrate. Awns persi rsistent, | Chaff sh ort and ob- .
[COE E 3 Disk-corolla a deeply cleft.
3 “A 104, Broess Acheria. rostrate or erostrate. an s point pem F
“3
i ; | AE
e * die. 5 8 Veni diy tle, AA Achenia mostly compressed eros
: è res wi exterior —
4
a
, MELANTHERA.
, > s
COMPOSITE. 297
* * Achenia, at least those of the disk, compressed.
107. SPILANTHES. huge. ps CMM Appendages of the style truncate. Rays
deciduou s, often
108. Lirocn Ta. Rece ice ike Achenia ms es the angles, and with
chaffy or es EETA teeth between the
109, Verzesina. Receptacle flattish. Achenia disc Rays s few or none.
pose ilia ance. d Receptacle convex, Achenia of the disk 2-awned and winged,
. f
7 a Dry soi il, S. Carolina! to onda! and me ae
ray wingless. Rays nume
t11. Sanviratia. Receptacle convex. Achenia of the ray 3-sided and 3-awned, `
of the disk coropreased, scarcely awned. Rays persistent.
thera none), ligulate. Achenia never obcompressed (that is, flattened) paral-
lel with the scales of the involucre or chaff of the receptacle; the exterior
integument (calyx-tube) thick and firm, often separable from the interior.
Pappus "Sy or EN frequently toothed or with. one or more rigi
F
(COS “ Rohr, in Kiob. nat. hist. selsk. 2. (1792) p.
E. 213” ;* Cassu in e. phys. 1893, DC. prodr. 5. p. 544.
ci Melananthera, Michz. d-c. *
Heads discoid, many-flowered; the flowers all tubular and perfect. Scales m
of the involucre in a double series, nearly equal. Receptacle convex; the
persistent chaff partly sheathing the flowers.» s Teeth of the corolla papillose.
Branches of the style hispid above, ‘acuminate. Achenia short, compressed-
quadrangular, or sometimes triangular, truncate at the summit. Pappus of
2-18 rather rigid scabrous caducous bristles or awns.—Perennial herbaceous
or rarely suffrutescent (American, tropical) scabrous plants, with quadrangu-
lar branching stems. Leaves opposite, or rarely ternately verticillate, pe-
, tioled, triplinerved, t toothed or serrate; often 3-lobed. Heads ternate or soli-
t = cled. Corolla white. Fag black with whitish jor teh *. :
eee ida papa! oT pili r.5. p. 5
lobata i ja d E Cass. ome c. 99, LE. 485 "Wee pha
tata, Michr.! fl, 2. p. 107; Pursh! fi 9. p. 519; Ell. sk. 315.
Fasc nivea, 8. & y. Linn. us i Eth. t. 49 & 47); Walt. Car. -
17 à
E Pasnew asia, F di u Cuba, La
Sagra, ex DC.) Jul Sept t.—Stem 4-6 often beautifully marbled
Or spotted. nd van able in form, Nice en ed and deltoid-ovate,
either er deeply or slightly hastate-3-lobed, or somewhat panduriform,
times undivided, acute or. Ee Epigyne ous disk or noe rather con-
ie of t
e-
i i E ebd E
ze I
i VoL. 11.—38 ! :
ae ae J A a uf e cci a d +
E ge * ^ ey E +4 us r
* È I , AM E i us : M E
>
Be siis " "
ud E p» es e?
è
Div. 1. HELIOPSIDEE, DC.—Rays pistillate and fertile (in Melan- `
#
Li
"e. 2 wp = š > a, :
298 : COMPOSITE. MELANTHERA. -
2. M. deltoidea (Michx.) : y leaves Procite, ovate-deltoid, undivided, or
obscurely angulate- lobed, ca canescent-scabrous; scales of the involucre ovate;
chat = the receptacle somewhat membranaceous, obtu ucronulate.—
DL M. urtiezfolia, Cass. OM anthera deltoidea, Micke. l. c. (note.)
M. Tirai, H. T ^ud K. Bidens nivea, Linn. l. c. (a. excl. syn. Dill.);
Swartz, obs. p Calea aspera, Jacq. ic. rar. t. 583.
K "d Florio, Mr. Blodgett '— A common species in the West
Pat xL a
` 84. ZINNIA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 172; Schkuhr, handb. t. 252; DC.
. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate ; those of the disk tubular,
perfect. Involucre imbricate; the scales roundish or oval, margined. Re-
ceptacle conical or somewhat cylindrical, covered with oblong conduplicate ,
chaffy scales which envelope the disk-flowers. Rays obovate or oblong,
coriaceous, reticulated, persistent, continuous with the summit of the acheni-
um, or rarely somewhat articulated. Lobes of the corolla of the disk densely
velvety-villous at the summit with colored hairs. Branches of the style in
the disk-flowers terminated by a hairy somewhat capitate cone. Achenia*
g nearly wingless ; those of the ray somewhat 3-sided, mostly destitute of pap-
" pus; of the disk compressed or flat, 1~2-awned or toothed, rarely naked.—
Annual (American) herbs, with opposite mostly sessile entire leaves. Heads
solitary terminating the branches, showy, persistent. Rays purple, orange,
^: searlet, or greenish-white.
~- 1. Z. multiflora (Linn. ) : stem erect, ching, somewhat hirsute ; —
scarcely somewhat petioled DE closely Xile] ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles
longer than the leaves; the apex PY of the central one) hollow pem
infla ted or obconical, striate; scales of the campanulate involucre appressed ;
les obovat |
achenia of p X with a single aw a. DC. — Linn. 2) 2. p. 1200; "
d P.
buisana. W illdenow. Carolina, Bosc! Alabama, Dr. Gat ! Key West,
- Mr. Blodgett! Texas, Drummond! Sept.—This is doubtless a native plac
at least in some of the above-cited hae o ~The specimens accord, with.
the cultivated plant, in which also the leaves are often closely sessile, and
the species is probably: as De Cando lle suspects, not sufficiently distinct"
ue ora, L?n he rays are purplish in all our po
while in that of Bosc (in eh DC.) they appear to have been ye ellow
nis Z. ous eave a utt.) : perennial ? dwarf; ; stem much branched from
fimbrates ser.) 7. " 348. .
Rocky FU aus Dr. Jam BU very distinct and m adi
d * Stem somewhat hirsute, scarcely more than 5 inches high. Leaves about
an inch long, 2-3 lines. dis Rays three-fourths. of an a, wide, appearing.
cordate at the base : nati orange. Nutt. —The plant is minutely
leaves-are impressed-punc -
4
s
D
©
be
its
—
^
A
* E xi ğ : eae 2?
"56
Wrvernta. COMMA: 299
n"
85. WYETHIA. Nutt. in jour. acad. Philad. po 7 E 5, (1834), & in
trans. Amer. phil. soc. l. c. (n. ser.) 7. p
* Alarconia, DC, 1836.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers numerous, pistillate, and some-
times with sterile filaments. Scales of the campanulate involucre loosely
and irregularly we fis in 2 or 3 series, somewhat equal, foliaceous,
as long as the disk; the innermost smaller an resembling the chaff. -
ceptacle ‘Slightly convex ; the chaff lanceolate, carinate, acute, as long as"
the flowers and partly embracing them. Rays large. ` Corolla of the disk
cylindrical, elongated, with a short proper tube, 5-toothed ; the teeth nearly
glabrous. Branches of the style in the ray-flowers glabrous; in the disk
. elongated, linear-filiform, revolute, strongly hispid, nearly smooth on the
B
. with alternate mostly entire veiny leaves, and lerata solitary on owers —
E
back. Achenia stout, elongated, 4—5-angled, prismatic, terminated with a
rigid coroniform or calyciform 5-10-toothed or laciniate pappus, one or more
of the teeth usually prolonged into a rigid persistent awn. —Perennial herbs -
(natives of Oregon and California), with somewhat the habit of Helianthus
or Inula Helenium, furnished with long tap-roots, usually simple stems,
Fd the ray and disk yellow.
d
^* Scales of the involucre linear-lanceolate, mumerous, more or less hirsute, as well as
stem and leaves : rays 12-20.
we Kliniese (Nutt.) : dwarf; stem ei hairy at the ami,
bearing a bsi e he y — lanceolate, sentire mewhat amicos with
scabrous margins ring into à pe etiole ; desti scales of the involucre
inde Mie iil térior M cedere pappus short, spe aud opt 5-10-
toothed, and sometimes with a single slender in jour. acad.
l. e. t. 5, Sin trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7 Es
* In the Kamas plains near th Flat-Head Hiver ‘towards the sources of
“a E
egon, in the Ore on
Wyeth! Nuttall !—About a span high. Rays pale yellow. Summit of the
achenium and the v anale coroni iform pappus minutely pone We
have not the means of sa ag a selves whether this species suffi-
ing.
usta Nutt.) è stem and midrib of the — villon- irse, “
earing a single head; cauline leaves Ap" om ne
tapering to the base, the low ijoled ; the radical lar, ar Tile petal-laneso-
late, petioled, often sparingly serrate ; scales o f the in ri e,
rsute, especially on the margins; papp of r ular stout teeth
(silky-pubescent) and mos 1 to 4 stout a in trans.. Amer.
hil. soc. l. c. - Alarconia heiesiodes Py dedi * p. "s iy (and therefore
Tyethia helenioides, Nuit.
E Prone append ea at oligo ha de elon, ook: £ fe Bor gee
i i =e merca ongifolius, Hoo
tapering into slender petiole eli oa en s
Lh » heu EY pone ipe -—
on th flu of the Wahlam
e Ore e confluence
“Plains of the O ej 8 rud n in low moist soil on T plains of the
od near the ocean, the plains of the Multnomah, and in
the Rocky Mountains," Douglas! in herb. Hook. June.—Stem stout, 13-3
LI
* = è d " E
à : s 4
e
FS
7
Q
300 COMPOSITÆ. WYeruia.
feet high, usually naked at the summit. Radical leaves a foot or more in
length, 1 to 24 inches wide.—In Mr. Nuttall's specimens, we observe traces
$
of the clammy varnish which is so apparent on the leaves of the var.
* * Scales of the involucre fewer, subspatulate-oblong : stem sometimes branching : rays
om 12. i
W.a RERUM. Mt ade stem ee or pubescent above ; leaves spat-
i eel, or and r dicat spatulate-oblong, entire, nearly
glabrous when old, rele | at the m ase; the lowest petioled ; scales of the _
“involucre foliaceous, hirsute, especially on the margins ; achenium hairy to-
wards the truncate or obscurely coroniform summit, 1-2 awn
rpt more of the remaining angles.— Nutt. 7
nia vnde DC. ! : c. Helianthus longifolius, Hook.
Arn I bot Bee chey, p. 1
Cali fornia, D icis! Nuttall !—Stem varying from 8 to 20
inches in height, with a very large g terminating the stem or branches
Lower leaves arme more than an inch broad, wider indeed in propor-
tion S X nid Vieh in the preceding, olien sont Scales of the involu-
cre a ird of an inc are uncertain whether
the Aerie, Teias of De addi. is ee upon an awnless state
of Ay or the preceding species.
E
g
3
e
T
=
c
S
W. amplexicaulis (Nutt.) : ooth
shining or glutinous; leaves a Bn s elliptical, rather coriaceous, venose ;
the radical i
on short petioles, someti mes serrulate ; the lo wer cauline nar- .
rowed at the base, nearly sessile; the ipee pnus Cm ping ; heads solitary;
or often two or more from the ii of the upper leaves, on short peduncles;
scales of d e pui lanceolate-ov s or shee: appres , glabrous; pap-
I un shut i oothed, one or two of the teeth often prolonged into
l.c “Belt amplexesis Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad.
e b
to 2 feet gh. Lower leaves 6-12 inches long, 1-2 wide, ibis obtuse and
somewhat obovate. Heads smaller than i in Sa preceding; the broad scales ©
the involucre few, barely in a double seri
86. BALSAMORHIZA. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 310; ree Heliop-
sis) ; Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 3
.. Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers pistillate, in a single series; those |
_ of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre imbricated in 2 to 3 or
more series; the exterior foliaceous, as long as the disk ; the innermost chaf-
fy. Receptacle nearly flat; the linear-lanceolate, acute, somewhat
foliaceous, scarcely embracing the flowers. Corolla of the disk cylindrical,
elongated, with a short proper tube, 5-toothed ; the teeth sparingly bearded
externally. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers filiform, very his
SON Achenia quadrangular, or those of the ray compressed, glabrous, .
entire destitute of pappus.—Low pubescent or canescent herbs (natives of
e plains o of See and the Rocky Mountains) ; ; with a thick fusiform dark-
) , abo ine juice, and chiefly radical leaves ; the-
s oF scapes p usually solitary Me heads, which. ="
ianthus.. Ray and disk yellow.
and glabrous — somewhat . _
t
*
ve lame COMPOSITE. 301
The large roots of all the T m cooked upo — » s second section, are em-
‘ployed by the Indiis for fo t stones, or otherwise, they
acquire a sweet and rather agreeable taste. N uttal,
§ 1. Leaves pinnatifid : scapes bearing a single kad
ookeri (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : silky-pubescent or canescent; leaves with
. BHi
a Po outline, nate, a parted ; the segments very numerous, crowd- +
sind EHE Y toothed or incised, or the lower pinnatifid, andgthe up-
onflue
sa scapes several from the same root; scales of the involu- ^
, tre narrowly lan eolate, gee, numerous, the ae somewhat spreading.
sfc Malsaniorhiz a, Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 310.
s ovate-lan ditio; sinuate- -pinnatifid = ae te.—Heli-
ge Eon: d vitin thacea, Hook. l. (A state with the seg-
ments more or less confluent, which 5 x 1 pain “of ye leaves.)
_ Plains of the Ore gon, com $! siapo —Stem at first 6-8
inches, in fruit 12-18 inches high, Sr or c ait one or two p atonal or
3 : r 1
er's c
are =- to èqual the stem pa pu h: the lat s the case when the flow ers
E ; but in fruit the pu is much lo nge
208 B. h rsuta (Nutt. ! l. c.): somewhat hirsute, not ca nescent; Miis
with an rub lanc colt circumscription, pinnately divide ; the. divis-
ions lanceolate-oblong or cuneiform, pinnatifid, often 2-3-parted, with rough
hirsute-ciliat ate m. argins ; penae dilated and very woolly at the base; scales
of the involucre broadly lanceolate, entero, Alp closely imbricated in
or 5 series. &
Dry plains near the Blue Mountains of Oregon, and in the Grande Ronde
prairie, Nuttall /—Leaves about a foot lon ng: Scape often entirely naked.
3. B. i ee (Nutt.! 1. c.):
a.
scent-tomentose throughout ; ;
leaves with. an -oblo ong or r Tajo nci cireumseription, DN pe e *
; the divisions oval or oblong, entire, or with the lower margin so
wigt toothed, the uppermost edb acne racked of the wo te imbicate i i
E^ es; chaff of he receptacle e much p oso ege an d flow
In e Rec y Mon pei i Nuttall !—Scape nches high bearing a
very ag ; the rays 12-14, more than an adi long, d eep yellow,
sometimes Web FACT, filaments as also in the other s species, :
4. B. macrophylla (Nutt. ! 1. c.) : nearly g labrous; leaves oblong o: rov
races Led : Es divisioni lanceolate lens. 4 ntire, comers slight y
bed e base, with somewhat ciliate and scabrous margins
«Oe Up ; scales e the involucre in about 5 pocos lanceo- i
ky Mountains, near n rcd of the Colorado of the hp Nuttall ! !
—Leaves and stem ed with minute g laudular atoms ; the segments
of the n 2-3 inches E = ee an inch wide.
the base, all on long p etioles : scapes bearing 1 to 3 heads: ree x md
"broad and and flat.—AntoRHIZs, Nutt. pa ndi notof H. B. Sk. )
5. B. agilta JLe):c centl tomentose ; radical | leaves dee
date-hastate or niet p^ ing imide. 5 ewhat 3-nerved at the base; .
* ^attenuate below: extetior x. ipa of the Ec longer
er, epresdipa, Tanceolate, densely tomentose ; a 0-24.—
i *
#
$ B
v* te * [ á EM c
*
o . ; ee
; 302 COMPOSITE. Barsamonmiaa. L
Bu E ee ei a X = p 564, € ex Á— hu. ;
: Vian? dn cad. Phi 7. p. 38, t. 4.
p In the y ky botas v» Flat-Head River, &c., T ve Wyeth? .
ds —Head large and xen 3 to 4 d in diameter, while the pei stem
is not more than a s n high.
T Would + ioio (Nutt.! 1:c.): leaves dames tomentose- -canescent
the e radical on very long pets oblong, fora hastate, entire, acutish, the
cauline lanceolate; scales of the tom nvolucre lanceola ate, acuminate,
Bhilad. D rays abou IIS Pur hds paeis INutt.! in jour a acad. LÀ
r
X
Roc one with the preceding, (Mr. Wyeth !) to which it very i
Smar; but differs, according to Mr. Nuttall, in having a smaller pes more
mbiMcated'i involucre, &c. sho -— have takodithie species for the ‘Buph-
m Imum sagittatum of id except that th at o d states that the ex-
terior scales of the P uk are Mone rues the
7. B. deltoidea (Nutt.! l. c.): hirsute-pubescent; radical leaves on vey
d petioles, deltoid-c ordate, acute, with undulate or erenate margins ;
* uline 1-3, small, ovate or yan: e; involucre woolly or tomentose at m
ba ; the scales in about 2 series; the ex —€— Targes, Tinear-lancedlate,
foliaceous, d nier longer than the disk ; mays 2-20.
Ore rt VancDuver, Dr. Scouler ! "s in wet open places es diffilhe
Wahlamet, ‘Nuttall ! June. aes a foot or more in height. Rays about -
amie} lo ng. ay
" ; E .
87. HELIOPSIS. Pers. e 2. p. 473 5, DC. prodr. 5. p. B50, excl. $3.
Heads many-flowered ; ibis ray-flowers (10 or more) pistillate, in a single
series; those of the disk hes perfect. Scales of the involucre in
* — series; the exterior foliaceous somewhat spreading; the interior shorter
. than the disk. Receptacle Cantal ; the lanceolate or linear chaff somewhat
embracing the achenia. Branches of the style in the disk-flowers hairy to- `
wards the apex, which is obtuse and tipped ea mucronate appendage-
Achenia glabrous, quadrangular; or i in the ray 3-sided and convex externally.
Pappus none, or rather an obsolete tr truncate crown. — Perennial (American)
,J bs, with rather large heads on long peduncles, terminating the stem or
nches... pese opposite, petioled, triplinerved, serrate. Flowers
é
^. yellow. - 4
a. r. Rays articulated. with the onary and at. inb deciduous: achenia
3 co DO id AED à ‘
sf * hs; Na dép
nae 1. Lat ew (Pers.) : nearly smooth ae A leaves o »vate-l
* late or Peng ea what dei at the het ubraptl epe Pe
into the ag e coarsely s aie LM E 2. p S; Bl sk. 2. p- c. :
Darlingt. 479; m. ud ; :
‘ et, E. d rl. e Busbdull m t helianthoides op Ling et hort, es 4
PES p.99 : Mic ha. . p. i130; L’ Her..s arp. t. A
o. te i "Büpinum: hindi Linn. ! Ped 9. 9 oe - eyn. i
v. Rudbeckia opposit tifolia, (Gronov. ) Linn. ! lec. elianthus levis, $
ed. Quy ex = syn. Gron nov, Helepta parviflora, H. grandiflora,
A z > &.
b. x t *
Ms Hnrorsrs.. COMPOSITE. 303
gi dt à ` rper tir gas b M k:! compan. to bot. mag
grac is, Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. s spi Z
y. scabra : Mite and oblong-ovate vens scabrous; involucre pubescent
or somewhat dow mE scabra, Dunal! in mem. mus. 5. p. 56, t. 4;
Hook. af Do p.3
Ban’ s of me and in: "uem soil, throughout the United States! p. Lou-
isiana, Drummond, Dr. Hale! Georgia, Dr. Boykin! Alabama, Dr. Gates!
fai * ye With the en ad form, ergy: in the Wee tern States from
Saskatchawan to aa Stem 2—4 feet high; in var. 8. 1-2 feet, and
‘bearin g ustally a ingle aped Exterior scales o Ha parten extremely
d E imer scarcely longer than the innermost, and with ned short -
foliaceous tips; but often more spreading, Mind. entirely b folia and
even slightly serrate at the apex, as Bos as or r longer than the disk. Be jii
cle thickened and obconical S the s mmit. ays an inch or more in length,
bright light yellow.—The o iE Helianthus levis (H. foliis lanceolatis .
serratis lz vibus, Gronov. Ji. Virg.) is PEOS gpr Tein Hence it
were to be wished that Pen had taken cific name from some
: EES 86
d unite them witlmt the sateen hesitaiiis although the extremes
appear abundantly different.
‘ae
“88. TETRAGONOTHECA. Dill. Elth. p. 378, t. 283; Timi
552.
gu prodr. 5. p. 5
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (6-9) pistillate; those of the disk
© bilar, perfect. Involucre double; the exterior composed of 4 large and
broad dly ovate foliaceous acuminate scales, united towards the base into a
4-angled or 4-winged cup, valvate and reduplicate in estivation ; the interior
of about 8 very small oval-lanceolate scales, resembling the chaff of the Te-
ceptacle, partly clasping the achenia of the ray. Receptacle convex-conical ; :
e chaffy Scales merkranaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, nerved. Soro
hairy at the base ; the ray with a manifest tube ; the ligules large and broad,
arsely abou t 3- toothed at the apex, many-nerved; of the disk deeply
ities TES or mostly 15-nerved); the teeth erect, glabrous. Style, in the
disk-flowers, bulbous at the base (above the annular epigynous disk) the
branches linear, hispid, tipped with an acuminate appendag ge. Achenia ob-. "
ovoid, nearly terete, thick, smooth, flat at the summit, destitute of pappus.— m
A perennial herb, somewhat viscidly hairy, and sprinkled with minute resin- zx
ous globules. Leaves oppo: 2, coarsely toothed, oval or-ovate-oblong, nar- s - à
Towed at the base, closely , and often slightly eonnate. Hea ds large, t
Bedungulate, terminating the branches. Flower pale yellow. EU
*
z. se s E enun "P Willd. a 3. p. . 216; en wo i
thee, 7 "ig t (of Georg id, E t. 69; Schkuhr,
EA A T
Dry sandy nd). Yirgibia ! to gaia cand ee cet ili Made "
RE x m nos sinc feet. ine terete. ime
SS
* * " d ice 4
à
=
304 COMPOSITE. TETRAGONOTHECA.
pandly and mpa toothed, or with coarse and sharp salient teeth. .Invo-
lucre, when expanded, two inches or more in diameter. Corolla of the disk
e ,
s, hairy ex Pc (as also the ms of the ovary); t
z ! a
89. HALEA.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers (10-12) pistillate; those of the
ii disk tubular, perfect. Involucre double ; the exterior of 4 or 5 ovate folia-
e ceous scales, united below the middle, valvate in éstivation, at length shorter
— than the disk ; the interior of numerous (about 15) obovate or oval- er
acuminate erect chaffy scales, more or less imbricated, nearly flat, m
. merved, similar to the chaff of the large conical receptacles Corolla pri i?
~ or nearly so; the rays broadly oval, slightly 3- toothed, tapering and involute
at the base, but not tubular ; of the disk deeply 5-toothed, 10-neryed. Style
as in Tetragonotheca. Achenia 4-sided, pubescent, „with a broad and flat .
? summit, crowned with a short pappus, composed of about 20 thick and oval -
distinct and entire scales.—A tall and stout branching perennial herb, some-
ae when young, with much the aspect and foliage of Tetra-
heca. Stem Striate, quadrangular below. Leaves opposite, or rarely
ately verticillate, rather large, veiny, the margin thickly set with sharp
unequal salient or laciniate teeth, all uu the rd oval-oblong, :
into a narrowed base, more. or less c the upper ovate Or
ovate-oblong, contate-perfoliate. Heads (her Pec on oe peduncles _.
terminating the stem or ‘Branches. Flowers yellow. =
y
o> 4 v
kal a
ry:
H. Ludoviciana. ;
Dry hody soil, Western Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. cord Texas
* Driwinmon d! Dr. Leavenworth! June-Aug.—Stem 9-4 feet high. H
t an inch in diameter. Exterior involi ver ilis ghtly. ied A tho.
tion of the seales; which are broadl ovate, obtuse, or scarcel umi-
; | acti and at length shorte aed Nat elongated iere
Rays not twice the length of the invola ne
a
very short coriaceous proper robe jc Tetragonotheca),
the elongated throat slightly dilated; the 10 nerves i os t. spohding
h the sinuses. es, approximate but distinct from the aid to near the sinu
'e they erse the lobes
, usu ally smaller gh
ips s were Soie
a
h
!
ins:
^ Hatea. iF COMPOSITE. ^ 305-
would ctia be referred to the division Galinsogee of the subtribe Hele-
ies; but its true affinity is eo with the enc subtribe, and par-
eei d with —" It forms, however, a gg and very re-
e genus, which we have vasi in honor of on kei its discoverers, — -
Dr. eiat Hale of Algxaodits, Western Lousiana, a s botanist, who
has favored us with extensive collections and important bie nie illustra-
tive of the ecd of thak Te region
Div. 9. Euneviantuex.—Rays (neutral or imperfectly styliferous)
sterile, ligulate. Achenia often compressed, but never obcompressed. Pa
p- 4
| pus coroniform, toothed, or of 1-4 awns, chaffy scales, or mmt often
none. (Rudbeckiez & a part of Coreopsidez, DC.)
90. ECHINACEA. Mench, meth. p. 591; Cass. dict. ; DC. prodr. 5. p. 554.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers much elongated, i in a single series,
somewhat styliferous but sterile; those of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales
of the involucre lanceolate, ciliate, often squarrose, imbricated in 3 or more
series. Receptacle conical; the navicular lanceolate chaff terminated with
a cartilaginous cusp, exceeding the flowers of the disk. Corolla of the "1
cylindrieal, with 5 erect teeth ; the proper tube almost none; the stamens *
therefore inserted at the very base of the corolla. Branches of the style 1 iet .
minated with a long lanceolate hispid appendage. Achenia of the ray abor- k
tive ; of the disk 4- sided, obpyramidal, thick. AS a coroniform, unequally
toothed, marcescent or persistent.—Perennial (N. American & Mexican)
herbs ; with alternate, or rarely Ra ls 3-5-nerved undivided leaves.
Stem or branches naked above and terminated by a single large head. Rays
_ purple; or sometimes nearly white, 9—3-toothed at the apex, at length don:
` gated and dependent, marcescent or tardily deciduous : disk-flowers p
T M Sak purple ; Fins pu of cn purp lish. | :
E
; of separatin these plants from Rudbe was lake ted by Gro-
de in cd and recy by Elliott, ein was not | of its establishment by
-Mench in 1794.— The long and thick blackish roots are very pangent to the taste,
the country, under the names of Lobelia, Black Sampson, &¢.— The disk in all 2 i
species is at first- “sneer but peng and die oos = conical in fruit:
marcescent vary in with age ag
3 3 a
1. Sb (Moench) * stem smooth and glabrous, striate ; ae P
usually scabrous, often serrate; the radical ones ovate, about ;
Yeiny, on long petioles ; thé cauline ovate-oblong or oyate-lanceolate, ea
Mri 5n
, ing into a margined petiole, or the uppermost a almost sessile ; scales
"er : . in 3-5 series, TO: 1. 6:4 D
5 :
. involucre imbrica n serie juarrose.—. Tench, c CLES
i 9 ot. magz t y Sc k ^
la EU Linn spec. 2. ; cuhr,
i uo te! . p. 907; 1 git. 9; Schkuhr,
handb. t. 259; Miche‘! fl. 2. p.143; Pursh f 9. p 5723 Null gen. Me
a p- 178; Ell. sk. 2 “p. 450; Bart-jl. Amer. Sept. 2. t. 64. deni om
, Americ num, &e., Catesb. Car. 2. t. 59. Helichroa Linneana, elatior. 4
amena, furcata, &e. R 02
. 8. stem glabrous or aniy 1 TUM near ee s summit leaves hispid-sca-
brous, the upper ones sometimes opposite, :
j JN qon a At T * jiz y A , à
a Bee am Se E
* : 5»
d$ E
2: M _
t ES -4 n
" 00 a3 x ' s COMPOSITE. a EcnINACEA. 5
em and leaves eve or PES jibki rays EM. shorter p^
: eene —E. serotina, DC. o SA purpurea f. serotina,
* R. se maion, Set 1 Brit ji. gard. t. 4 ; Lodd, — t. i
509. R ispida, Hoffm., R. eiin Tiik enum. 2. p. 352,
3 p :
: id-scabrous; rays nearly w Sie ks
t to Genri Alabama ! mostly in the Wosters districts, and
Ohio! to Louisiana! ð. Ilinois, Dr. S. B. Mead! July-Oct.—Stem 2-5
feet high. Rays 12-20, 14 to more than M inches dull purple. —The
- nt pua appears to be persistent, not deciduous a s described by De a:
'The SIxpu ua Y: 3 on $ distinguish E. sero Mein d is so
a
2. E. angustifolia Dc. xe Stem hispid, mostly s le, ied Ed abore
leaves all lane dien ic Cele) en ien hate or spe, -hispid, cane *
T ua. dd built. ipe: most tapering into. P o1. alley, aie of the short
*."yolucre in about 2 series.—E. p allida, Nutt. hil. soc. n :
ke. D. € (1841). Rudbec kit a pallida, Nut. 1 ie aah Philad. 7. i
s 12-15, at first - often short, a ait elongated and slender,
l ying we light: purple pale rose-color.
. leaves crowded iowandi the base of the short. stout stem, oblong- gts
ee on uer petioles, strongly ae. hispid ; rays s 20 or more, pale rose
La
Ux
E
[t]
Ec
[7]
in
Eg
©
3
d
oy
Prd
=
SF
eo
zu
A
4
EM dein, ; the lowes lanceolate-oblong, t| r BACON lance-
2 Sans stem often gle brous below; s about 15, dàr . sanguinea, L
Nut! in trans, 4 mer. Phil. so PO c. (Varies MA the » leaves. almost
abrous.
iy Prairies and low barrens, from Bois! a PON to Alabama! Ar- +
ansas! tabs Louisiana! and Texas! ng Mr. Nic "n
ads smaller than in the precedir
lly with shorter c Pw A om
rubens
seres cs linear- lane
pos miN sel
ww ý L xd
* / wa E compost. A X. 307-
jd
J
im:
p |. RUDDECKIA, Ein. (xe ye ers "Fat 172; Cass.¢ ; DC. :
"He ads s many- flowered; the ray- pei E. ina single series; those
“of the disk tubular, ge. Scales ot the, inv Be foliaceous, in about 2
oer” by a very os obtuse cone, llirely with a sible Tarieding
barbellate appendage. Achenium quadrangular, obpyramidal or prismatic, `
p © glabrous, flat at “the summit. Pappus none, or minute and coroniform,
rarely somewhat conspicuous. alos y perennia al (North Am merican) her
d
with alternate leaves, and e and showy heads ; terminating the st
or branches. Base E ruri usually elongated, see”
ing or droo he o disk; and the me purple brownish-pur-
AL 1, Disk conical or MID A pappus v E |
(fone RopsrckiA proper. (Centrocarpha, Don, pexsly:) j 2
Z5 DM 2 :
* Disk dark purplish-brown, dent er. conical Foprendags of the style lan-
ceolate or broadly subulate i :
h X = bicolor (Nut
it): an nual, Hute; i ny simple, naked -— the —
leaves poni MS sile, obscu inher obtuse ; the lower-
oled; head ( |
— Dl zi
A Ne the re eptacle r: ea rot
3 pappus bin, Ae lE ij jour. acad.
~
s. Amer. soc. be
i Western part of the State * New York !
40u1s D and Texas or 27
oug igh. Raye bright yellow,
tee, ME r
Ead
*
"sog 5 | COMPOSITAE. Bo. Rudd
1-14 inch long; the disk dark purplish- docs Pappus a minute margin.
Bypeuiagee of the style lanceolate or linear-subulate.
(t * Disk dark purple or brown, subglobose or broadly conical : appeidáge of the -
- very short and obtuse, or oin capilate,
. t Chaff glabrous and very dark purple at the summit, as well as: the peas,
. R. fulgida (Ait.): ee ta ah the branches,
fons ked at the summit; strigose, sparingly denticulate; the
'di
: : . A. t.
54; — iE ie Cest. p. 480; DC.! prodr. 5. p. 558. R. mela,
Michz.! fl. 2. p. 143... R; ibl. Pers. ; Desf. cat. R. Br Ri Musik
2. p. 574.
B- slender; leaves narrowly D RENE or lanceolate; heads small;
seldom exceeding the disk.—R. gracilis, Nutt. ! gen. 9. t ua (& R.
spathulata, in herb. acad. Philad.) R. discolor, Ell. sk. 2. (In
note, instead of ** to the preceding species,” to R. fulgida, dod doubtless
y- slende ; upper part of the stem and the leaves minutely stri rigose-pu-
bescent ; du latter spatulate, acute, mostly entire, much attenuate at t
base, only the lowest somewhat clasping ; involucre shorter than the rays. |
—R. spathulata, Michx. ! fl. 9. : not of Mies nor of Nutt. gen., ex
spec. in h uhl.! which eire to raco
e ter, often simple ; leaves tinea or : lineaz-Iafieeolate, most-
ly entire, clothed with loosé or Sprit (and at length somewhat deciduous)
e id hairs. (Pubescence some h tri r: abou
length of the involucre.—R. discolor, Purs 2. p. 574.—Hairs often
if.
slender from a papillose base ; heads large; rays exceeding the inyolucre.—
= discolor, DC. l. c
soil, Pounds vania to Georgia ! and oa k ; B.) y. Moun-
talks of Ciro arolina, Michaux! Lincol nton, N. Mr. Curtis! Ji (
smoother dwarfish state of var. a. owing po in n ibid ô. Flori
da! to Western Louisiana! and Arkans Aug.-Oct.—Stem 1
A
high. d. about 12, 2~3-cleft at the apex, bados dicto rei ths love à
the base in dried specimens often reddish-orange.—Rese
a
and rays; but generally dien aisle by the short rays, the 1
more or less icta sa xe he s t the — with a shorter. hon ;
nages
ays di the very short d obrdee appe
the style, pd. dark abs (instead of dull purplish- brown) di disk.
4. R. apera (We ender) : stem hirsute or hispid, loosely branched ; the
[Father 850 pappu f min ^
a (1829), 1. p. 30"; Schrad! in herb. DC-1 832; DC.! prodr. 5- p-
a acd, fac; herb. 5 Sullivant! cat. t Oko p bri d
cauline sessile, spatulate-oblong COM Feo narrowed towards the -
3.
» naked above; po es roughish-hirsute or pubesc cub å
y r gm
*
*
* * ^ ^.
à «
EC
RUDBECK1A. jia COMPOSITE, 1 309
the upper leaves p lanceolate closely sessile, with one or two large
laciniate teeth or lobes on each side near the middle, the uppermost entite ;
as in the wee n 7 Eeen from the valley of the Susque- .
hannah, Pen nia, > Sar dwell! ; or with the upper leaves shorter and
ne> arais or ips fem all xà the uppermost narrowed at the base or pe-
"à
_tiole
ns of Pennsylvania ! to Ohio, Dr. crises 4 ot Due ^ Mr.
Le! de it sprin to take the place of R. fulgi uncommon in
European gardens. Aug. -Oct This is a larger pla ^ cde ian 9r fu "m =
how y heads SCIES ing the 1 ong naked summit of the branches ; the b
purple disk conoid-globose in fruit raps Fy of aninch long; the o blo oa É
. linear rays bright yellow, a nc inch and a half long; the thin
leaves 3 to 6i nches in le hit e. radical — toothed, and somewhat re-
'"sembling Tice: of the commou Plant
5. R. a. (Linn.): hirsute, povisaey ie ; the branches
sel | NAM leaves sessile, m s hairy ; the uppermost ovate-
lanceolate, ebghtly WR sparingly ace or mE) ; the lower mostl
lobed, tapering e ^ rsely serrate, acuminate; the radical on slen-
der petioles, ovare or val : obtuse, often subcordate, crenate-toothed, some-
imes lobed or incised ; ce ds small) on m peduncles; scales of ^
the involucre lancenl te- oup ulus, usually shorter than e (mostly 8)
v or po sur ie spon xe np eg of the cii reik e abrous, lanceolate-
Eos
S
Michx. :
under t: 87. Peramibus hirtus, Raf.! in ann. ngs (1890, )p
B. pinnatiloba : slender; earliest radical leaves mundi -0V vd ped
cw sometimes lobo the others irregularly., pinn with the lobes
sh obtuse: lower cauline leaves pinnat S ndi pr pat the
upper 3-lobed or ‘entire heads small.—R. biennis, Oha man !
soil, Virginia ! to Alabama! and Ohio! ET &e., o "Louise!
feet hie e rocks, Middle Florida, à z: oe omes TOÀ iri
t high (pr ws | cesar » F e wow rece tac e ex
A Hi hd ih. divid b. ep r da H chesnut, leak (AN
ee ep vee in ie ioe ime orati boe A
ao lines long. TN ell distinguished by the andir cae cus uspidate,
points of the chaff. In Pursh's. charact or ee , the T of the
` Pappus is said to be awned.
7 is pale and often bearded or canescent at the summit, mostly shorter ya
mi
expanded corolla ; the disk therefore at first fuscous, at len
purple. Ww.
R. subtomentosa (Puts T stem m branching, foment ose-po i
ew most] ioled, hispid-scabrous above, soit and minute y tomentose
beneath s fes wer die or deeply Minn the upper mostly undivided,
ate, a
te, hat ‘cory
1 ‘of th involucre numerous, narrowly lanceolate, cane ,imbricated,
at des pe kin useage — a than the subglo brownish
disk, man y times. — than the rous spreading rays; chaff of the
mec glandular- arded at the obse "tior ox. summit, shorter than
the ; pappus oet; obsolete. —Pursh, fl. 2. p. 575, ex px =
syn. 2 herb. ? POUR. R. triloba 3. foliis adfliedimitteis, Miche: $ "A. 2 . p- 1
R. odorata, Nutt. jour. acad. Philad: 7. p. 78, not of the gardens.
ar & i ie - ^
Oey eh w i rU Ei
Pe
310 COMPOSIT A. RUDBECKIA.
in
Prairies and copses, (Mountains of Virginia ?) Illinois! to Arkan
Western Louisiana! and the borders of Texas! July-Aug.—Plant n
stout and. with a coarse habit, 2—4 feet high; = min "when bruised,
and perhaps also the leaves, exhaling an anis ate or vanilla-like odor, much
m
s 3-5 inches the
undivided and the upper occasionally 3-lo $a: "but usually the lower ones
only 3-parted or divided : the lat is exea smililest; A ; the termi-
nal ovate-lanceolate or ovate, acuminate, serrate. Peduncles short. Bayh
10 to 12, or rarely 20, 10-15 lines longi nieht ye ellow.
7. R. mollis (EIL): stem hirsute- villous, branching; leaves sessile and
partly clasping, oblong, obscurely serrate, tomentose-canescent on both sides,
the low s somewhat s spatulate ; heads rather large; scales of the invo-
— Tg 2 mon] 3 Geplat te, villog, reflexed about half the length of
e rays; chaff linear, canescent at the summit, rather obtuse, as long as the
woo Se, mus a (s vals iie s 4-toothed at the summit.—Ell.!
sk. wA rs 453 ; DC.! ! prodr. 5. p.556. R. spathulata; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 574,
not of .
Western kuniik of Georgia, Bartram! Baldwin! Elliott! &c. Aug.
Oct.— Plant 2-3 feet high, my cts pup: ; the branches vant a
ad.
terminated by a single e he Leaves 12-15 lines long, soft. Rays 15-20,
ually an inch long, pale yellow, go deep aioe w at the base. Achenia
po ig half the length of the narrow chaff, exactly 4-sided ; ‘the angles
produced into indistinct and minute obtus e teeth.
8. R. Heli iopsidis © : stem simple from a prostrate rhizoma, somewhat pu-
escent with ie bere d bearing 3-6 emn ca angled branches or
peduncles near the ; lea somewhat distant, ovate or oval, slightly
serrate, mostly o obtülve; t inibi navei, glabrous or nearly so, abruptly con-
ted, the lower into long and slender, the upper into short petioles ; scales
spat
squa: shorter than the subglobose brownish purple disk, and much shorter
aa i the | (10-12) oae Rae spreading rays; chaff i the receptacle ob-
tuse, canescent-pubescent at the summit, about the length of the corolla ;
achenia of the rays triangular and as large as the aci fertile ones ;
PA ain no Sas ete.
o
h shorter than the
lucre muc
B. stem stouter, pube at below with spreading, above with pipe
hairs; leaves n nearly entire,
leaves more or less serrate, sometimes acute ; invo-
disk
* Pine woods, &c. pipci es Georgia ur d 8. Chero
country of Alabama, in wet places, Mr. Buckley ! -Sept. Sem
about 2 feet high. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, 1-2 ‘ae on petioles 2-6
inches long, which in . are SM uid beneath, dull above. Rays scarcely
an inch long, pale A n 8. pre ng an abortive style. Involuere and
disk exactly resembling soni’ orn E Helio psis levis, except that the latter
is brownish-purple: the achenia of the rays perfectly formed, an often
Jardi d than the fertile fruit, but not ovulifero
ow, ace to ance the oe and naked piping onn summit, i
terminated by large solitary heads; leaves (often membranaceous) somewhat
serous ruit ve ed, entire or sparingly re epand-toothed,
slightly point
and reti ticulate-veined ; the radical and lower cauline tapering by.
base into slender petioles; the uppermost cunei form-obovate,
the i ar
"T
Š
*
= À
i x S
Es. P *
RUDBECKIA. . COMPOSITA. i 311
Plains adde pine woods, Western Louisiana, —Á— on the baniak of
cm Dr. Hale! Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Carpenter! Texas, Drummond !
— Exige 2-3 = high, rather slender. bn wer leaves 3-6 inches
ng, 2-3 wide, usually nearly entire, — gly ribbed and or oe —
lated “ead tbe: ribs, adis a vith minute resinous dots, some p.
branaceous an nearly smooth; the UP er Aen similar in ferm b onal
and on shorter petioles, or the uppermost sessile. He era smaller " in
as the proper tube of the corolla. —Closel y allied to the Amis species "
- R. grandiflora (Gm e DC. 5: scabrous-hispid one apn si
a or branching, striate-angled; the branches — above, a ned
by apart (very large) hea ids ; leaves rigid, very rough; del Nace and
lowest cauline ovate or oval, som mewhat serrate a. entire, 7-nerved Land reticu-
late-veined, o iod ng pet tioles; the upper lanceolate, unequally and sharply
ner
rrat -
uppermost sessile ; scales of the inyolucre numerous, linear, shorter
ie :
ous (20 or more) drooping rays; chaff of the receptacle rather acute, some-
what canescent at the summit, shorter than ha coro - p coroniform,
=
crenate or ciens aa oothed, confom C. pro . p.556. R. nu-
dicaulis, Nutt. mss., nee zi Pers. Centrocarpha pe, Don, in Sweeti,
Brit gard. ser
R lains, d&c., Rea River Arkansas, Nuttall! Dr. Pitcher! Dr. Lea-
Ja uly-Se ept.—Stem stout, 2-3 feet high, mech clothed, like Eos
bth su rhe sia of the leaves, with short and very rough hispid hairs. Lea
h d
wit Ung nerves, or rather ribs, running from the je to the apex ; the
upper 4-6 inches long, an in l ide; t nost sometimes 8
inches long and T mj peg in the cultivated plant sometimes ** neat-
ly 6 inches across”; th rays in our indige o pre 9 ine long,
golden yellow, aware tomentose pubescent be benéath. ceptacle narrow-
oo he character given by De Ca dolo, which: is shie efg taken
m that of Don, is incorrect in several BO pipe his the pappus is not very
re
+22 Dok ona aie. conical, some what prolonged when mature ; the recephacle at
length columnar or spiciform : chaff navicular, truncate, somewhat bearded at the *
Summit, not longer than the sce achenia : branches: e the style truncate, slightly
thickened and bearded at the summit.
A
. R. laciniata (Linn.) : glabrous; stem tall, pog : toles Dirag i
and scabrous, particulari y on the Hus " radical and lowermost
vid
B Loud = ©
x «4 e
pe IHE
"25833
ce
o
©
5
3
S
e
®
£5
au
B
m
8
$
Ad
iss)
S
lal
B
L.
Bart. fi. Amer Moor EL Td Darling f. Cest. p. 481 ; DC. ! prodr. 5. p. 555.
s leaves js the upper ones undivided. EL levigata, Pursh ! fl. 2.
4, not of Ni
y. divisis of the radical and lower leaves pinnatifid.—R. digitata, Mill.
x "o de
g nE ; ©
i: a € pr
"y"
cid
E ays 10-15
» b. 5x
» : ; # "yer COMPOSITA. » RuDEECKIA. |.
. ds
dit: Ait a (ed. 1) 3. p. 251; ` Wild. enum. 2. p. 921 ; Pursh! ote
*EIL L. Cil pem R. laci inita B. angustifólia; Pers. syn. 2. p.
R. lev vi Hoffm., e
Moist Wicker eg: si to Alabama! Western Louisiana! and to near
the ue of the Missouri! July-Sept.—Stem 4- -8 (in 8. 3~4) feet high
Rays bright light yellow, oblanceolate, 1-2 inches long. Radical leaves sca-
ides; th |
brous on both s e divisions deu segments often long and very narrow,
pot rhombic-ovate. — The var. 8. is common in the mountains of North
Carolin
ae
12. 4R. R. hterphyl: cinereous-pubescent; leaves minutely tomentose be-
5 nii ; the lower a te Brys ix viet dece or rd
Init sparingly toothed, the terminal o iform mostly -
Sle z 1 the upper ea E pea slighty pried: pace scrtato, kp
heads somewhat corymbose s drooping ; achenia J^ mem: with a
;
ciniata, with the upper leaves ume teach throughout. Disk
Ee 2. Ries of the involucre few ; exterior spreading, the itio ertet, . A
similar to the chaff o of the P res ated receptacle : the disk at length
columnar : rays with abortive achenia : branches of the style terminated by
a very short and obtuse cone : achenia of the disk as long as the obtuse chaf,
acutely 4-sided ; the pappus continuous with its summit, sheathing the lower.
portion of the corolla, irregularly toothed or lacerate-denticulate ; that £
ray small with a short cor m pappus.—Macrocuine.
13. R. marima (Nutt -)? very smooth and glabrous throughout, somewhat.
ien: leaves large, membranaceous, broadly oval or Wesen F
-Vein i adic
, ier i Arkansas, and Texas, Dr. Leaven h!
siana, Dr. Hale! Jun id —Stems " feet high,
t m masses" (Nutt.), stout, striate. Leav 8-10 or 12
and 4-5 broad, **but little inferior i in size to tied of the Cab-
- "Nu $ Tipa or slight] y acuminate ; the numerous veins diverging
e strong iere reticulated, the upper ones usually converging to the
ually. i -
X
at the summit, sometimes nearly halfa g as thi
itself and including the lower half of the E
e following i es might be considered as a separate 1
with nearly the same reason a s Dracopis, which closely 7 resemb
f receptacle, involucr acre, &c. : but as to the pappus they $e m not greatly
x
s
+
$
*
*
Li
a
»
E atl s 5 a HM. *
rw 2s
.
Cah: 3 5 COMPOSITAE. 4e 313
apt à;
differ from Rudbeckia atigpidio s odi laciniata has a T aidbough.
less elongated receptacle.
Ey"
4. itida (Nutt.) : very smooth and somewhat aa stem simple
14. R.n
or Bu branched above; leaves coriaceous, ovaléoblong a and IKüceolate,
nervose and reticulated, re spand- -den pee: or entire, mostly acute at each
al argin
end; the radical and lower auline taperiug into s slender usually m
netiolds, ihe uppermost (o (often p lanceolate) partly blasting rays large,
rooping ; chaff pubescent at the sum ad !- 4n jour. acad. Philad. 7.
j Bs G?
abra
eorgia and Florida, on the borders o ens ai open "ace Nut p
, Veorgiar
Prairies, Louisiana, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Carpenter ! "Dre
d! June-July.—Plant 3-5 feet high, mc rese ied the Me
. Drummond ! §
ceding, but with more nervose smaller leaves (the lower 4-6 inches long, 1-3
wide), beautifully Ui ug between tbe nerves or bs cc. Stem either
e, with a solitary hea
ing several he Heads nearly as lar e as in the preceding, with:
8-19 rays; the disk sometitnes broadly conical and apparently unch nged in
s
*
fruit; but Ad elongated like the preceding, and sometimes attaining
^ 2 inches. —Both t these species would be v very showy in
cultivation e
$3. Intühisfe ry chaff as in. ioca rays none ! akan ?) : corolla o a
T the conical-oblong disk nearly « destitute of proper tu be (the stamens inserted.
into the very "sen branches of the style slightly dilate 'd upwards, truncate-- `
aue nia prismatic: pappus cor deg d) and s pere toothed,
y as in R. laciniata. mi. ide 1A, Nutt. ^ A e j
oe R. occidentalis (Nutt): cieli and glabrous; - stout ; deme
ate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire or repa ^ apis thed, sometimes irr
larly 1 obed, scabro iuret the margin, 3-nerved ; the uppermost sessile ‘mie dei
late, éntire; heads few, on long ped dex ; ‘disk conical ; scales of the invo-
lacre nceolate, acuminate, nearly in in e Series. Nu tt “in trans. Amer.
- soc. (n 7. p. 35
Mountains rd > de di : s particularly i in I Blue Moun; oul
¥
tain range, by small streams, Natal = die ^ me D
' Disk Teo one
probably elonga ted in fruit. s appn E. pe ‘species west of the Rock ky
untains. i
SS
`- R. asperrima, Hornem. (Loud. hort. Brit.)
` R. cicutefolia, Spréng. is founded on son Sm Raf. te Indov,
-
1,99; LEPACHYS. Raf. 5 in jour. phe te p. 100; eis syn. p. 225.
Lepachys & Ratibida, Raf. l c—Obeliscdria, Cass. (1825), DC.
d; the ray-flowe ers few, in a single- series, neutral ;
Haik man; lowere
Seales of the duco few, linear
all, tubular, perfect.
m 6
nar = an; the c atf truncate or obtuse, thickened ; | Lor v
-lousa at the summit, nearly the wape of the disk-flowers and partly enclosing
Or cbracing hacia Corolla of the o short, cylindrical, with 5 short
*
ied ko
A. * F | oat : d E " s
2 E 4 i ii^ b 3 -t ox a
s` ae OX om an. * x r = LI
|
A
ia p i * :
- Li s F^ &
14 I c
3 £3 4 "uw COMPOSIT/E. i h p
" recurved t teeth 3 the | proper tube none; the stamens, therefore inserted into the
of the corolla. | _ Achenia of NS my 3- angled, Ag aban Ws
» . both sides, which is more or less produced into-a sah at the ‘suimiity ‘he’
d areola at the base somewhat latėral.— Perennial usually branching $ strigose-
scabrous herbs (natives of North America, chiefly of: the region betwee hes
‘Mississippi and the Rocky. Mountains) ; the striate-sulcate's stems or br: ranches |
"naked above, and terminated by single showy heads.
-
*
"T
Leayes alternat pin- i
nately. parted or.divided ; the divisions narrow, sometimes . again pinnatifid. f.
Rays ‘Spreading or" drooping,
; br Disk cylindrical, inus a fragrant anisate odor "when bruised, the `
app of of the ch canescent; the corolla, mr | and branches of 1t the ape pe
p -fusco f
yellow, sometimes partly or entirely orange- y,
a
J ù , iy
hr A us is n. not PE e T
eo Rafinesque mentioned Rudbeck e type genus, *
iged, he ty to follow Lessing, ram ra yee ce of Pads ^ i this genus; -
» ~ EE quA well. marked fi eter, must be divided into M an
« many sections or Sees genera as there are speci: re pinn * p A
o. ee bein viz: — lata. 57
i EG Raf.) "A Ps z ss : . * y |
7 acp
A «€ LL pinnata: ene oe inherent with bid E "
$ pinnately divided ; ‘the divisions TT ceno i or a donee at Pee
E. end, spari adnal RUER de or ont the uppermost undi ed ; disk oval- e»
" lon; Sier than thé rays.—L. pinnat ada & angustifolia, Wf. o. CN
py vc udi ckia. gos Vent. ! Tort hec 71; Michre? fl. 2. S on ^ i
Smith, exot. bot. Y. t. ; Bot. 10; Willd.! enum o IMS
sà Pursh! fl. 2. p. 516. "R digita, Wit ya i 4 8247, exch ey
R. tomentosa, Ell. ! / "3k. 9 p. 458. excl. syn. R. odorata. i
Pi SN Pme E ad pinnata, Cass. in gis A sci. nal. p £8
401; DC.? r. 5. p. 558.
1i... (Dry, prai igen and: ei ird stern N cw ros (Dr. S meme M ot
TE Pennsylvania (Mublenbér n dou ee fi es es. :
Western States o Loui ! | part o Georgia (B
a | the pony i Dre
ju !) Alabama (1 kkl 11) and Middl es .
3-4 X igh. Divisions. of.
"CY and coarsely too tooth ed, to arrow wly ERE
terminal & su ions
pr -oblo
superior l ti ag e i x dee d bright T
inches long, varying pc ses
j-nerve e lateral nerves d etm goce i ex a a un
: Saco bold on each Qm which, * Beis Pr
* the CER that xd achenium i is rectis. qe eds $
m" x Y.
COCA en the (d margin EOM
j- ciliate; the summit somewhat a -2-tootheds and crowned vee een
E,
t * 4 uM * Tar * * £.
= LA pE £ ind -
Korm, i " d gk "Ea 2 a — Uu"
Es AN f > >. : : ‘ á
m aer - T oda y composi. we Be i * 315.
De
aa. xd P'lbcerate fringe: gaip of tie style fp A BON by avery =
+ d d 7 dagt.—Rarimina, Raf.,
LIN Don. M ^ (Qualiscara! 5 Ratibida & Monodoniks pU ye ae A
C
? : ) stri gose- bethipat ioe br branched from the bul. ^ *radi- í
P.
em pridnim) Io phon: undivided "ims te-lanceolate ; the cauline pinnately
» the upper r.sessile; segments linear-lariceolate or'oblon g, rigid; muero-
-` nulate, entire, rarely so thawhi t lobed: disk eni dis. in fuit longer than
^ * fthe 5-8 y r obovate-oval recurved "d m" deno esae colum-
” Phe 2. 5. 1785; ^
aris, Te. in Brit. gard,
r. 5. p.,559. " D:
like
^ —V ries,
Ferhat de or dp nis linear-lanceolate,
"E ET the leaves & again regularly pinnatifid, the rays also yellow at the
` apex 3 6e qe a, DC.! E c3 or the rays entirely brown-red,
^ with the columnar disk variable in lengt S DO Le roe ames! in.
X . 68.
‘somewhat distant ; the
— pus as — Chaff “with rrp op
i) cepe ated by a short acute membranacéous’ ;
exterior-margin o obscurely if at all ~
ed athe summit.—'The e specimens . á
ly jus stify the union of the vane
t le
and i ed specimens
hire E itis nearly gle The
ng toa dwarf, much is cd po leafy plann m
* p : qt i ad i
: on a. *
$3. $3. Achenia Foie ch epee, i ed and. E 2- tooth or y
derota ha e (the summit and, the vim bearded); the- wings strongly
H briate-ciliate M CHA ofl style termin ded by a lànceolate acute d
oh ndagel PHOCHENA- P. x
= oe sitüple or branching near "he båse P ue and |
Dis Beet s hirsute or strigose, E aed png: Š
* segme i bae co dos. cs twice
an ium Ea hus ded e spiri eit, sightly bearded at P
Á at
de Teles, Dr ES ns The le fy portion of x d ‘
“inches ; phe =e cum i es in ihyths Radi hax une-
ma
a ;oblopg or cuneiform, in- .
ime:
1 j^ esr d, with narrow w seg-
Bc. per lea a mo et Lg cylindrical. Exterior
- 29 * m & e
Ls ds Ww 2 M > i » *
"
4
Li
*
Ee
d
316 _ COMPOSITE. . Lepacnys. |
scales of the involucre very few, subulate ; the interior much shorter, resem- m
bling the chaff of the receptacle. Rays deter yellow. Chaff with —
bright purple spot near each margin. Achen a (immature) flat, oval; s '
9 win ed; the inner wing as s r, and more conspicuously fringed ih ‘
som spreading bristles ; the summit produce d into 2 sharp slightly unequal
t r awns, which are fully haif ris length of. the corolla, err gsm nt 7*
eer the Af in the manner of Silphium i
^ * * P
eS ee
~~ 93. DRACOPIS. "at dict. 35. p. 273; DC. prodr. 5. p. 558. he
Heads many-flowered; the ray-flowers neutral, in a single series ; those "
of the disk tubular, perfect. Scales of the involucre in 2 series ; the exterior.
6-8, small, linear, spreading ; the interior very M appressed, resembling —
the chaff of the receptacle. . R drical, pointed ; the chaff linear, —
" somewhat bearded at the be PUER ins mucfonulate, rather shorter than —
the flowers. Corolla of the disk with a manifest tube; the throat expanded,
5-toothed, the teeth reflexed. Branches of the style terminated. by a linear- .
lanceolate barbellate appendage. Achenia terete, narrowed Beasts
base, with a lateral areola, minutely striate and granulated. Pappus obso-
lete (an extremely minute entire crown or border), or none —An annual A
branchi glabrous herb; the stem and branches striate-sulcate. Cauline- .
leaves H ied oblong or oval, mostly acute, entire, the lower ones.»
serrate, smooth and pale, reticulate-veined ; the margins ciliate-scabrous. -
Heads solitary, m eme terminating the branches. Rays yellow, often
with an orange-brown spot at the base. Disk b first one conical, at -
length cylindrical) fuscous.
K i
i
D. amplericaulis (Cass. 1. c. )— Hook. bot. mag. t. 3716, &. compa le ia
.p. 99. Rudbeckia cus Rie Vahl, Hafn mus p. ir.
Schkuhr, handb. 3. t. 259. R. ample sti, a cq. ar. d F 3023 ib
Willd.! spec.3. p. Bio; Pursh ! AB v “ fe idi. Cav. it. 3- se
P- 27, t. 952." R. spathulata, Nutt. ; d 2 Y 178, ex Muhl. herb.! |
Low isiana !
g. Anthers fuscous. Branches of: the style sie
e ; & : "d % 2
E A 94. Qoo RI DC. prodr. Sap 56l . Meo die
i; EON + DAE i
7 Gymnolomia, H. B. 4» K.—Aldama, Lalle?. 4- Lez.? ho .
Heads many-flowered the ray-flowers in a single series, neutral ; those .
of the disk tubular, perfect... Scal the involucre in a. double series, the ^4
exterior § ewhat feliac olia Receptacle flat or con perhaps s conical,
chaffy. Branches of the style with long mois: bee ‘cro
with a very Wi ge A pappus.—Herba eous or p gos on ^
shrubby: (American) ee oe w cioe ne bise ^ae or E »,
. leaves. Heads pedunculate. DC. — D
d poa Se beret em mm branchin; somewtat ;
b S n d
pw aim : » "n » ^ I
r Y w i
ennai COMPOSITE. k r NI 5*3
and nearly naked above, — airy beneath; ponas of the invo- 2
vers apa m hirsute, in a single series ; chaff o receptac, lein- +`
cluding the | ry glabrous and shining nbhenia? at fendi tuber culate and
rer 14 E ppus corel, fimbriate. Hook. ! C. pl. t. 1457
DC. «a 7. (mant.)
exas, Drumm ond!—Plant strigose-hirsute; the ia tea 2 feet
more in height. ur MM ate-lanceolate ; the most alternate.
b Rays und Resin bright yellow, oblong. Disk -flow A uo 30 ; the «
rolla mid slightly dilated up wae “with 5 xx m n 2 very narro|
linear mens inse sr. ida ar the base of the corolla ; am "E
sy Wy Eur filiform-linear. The edges of the cha ffy sc ale Bi op en-
| quee. ich achenium at length cohere firmly. .—Nearly allied aS to
and G. oe of De Candolle; but the genus seems to in
n congruous plan :
: + t & ^ $a
95. ENCELIA. Adans. ; Cav. ic. 1. t. 61; DC. prodr. 5. p. 566.
P © Heads many- -flowered; the ray-flowers GNR ina single series; those
T e disk tubular, perfect. Involucre somewhat imbricated in 2-3 series,
equalling the disk: Receptacle flat : the diti membrenaceodp, navicular.
E Branches of the style terminated by a cone. Achenia co ssed, mt, i
emarginate, destitute of s, with the esta densely woo vill
plants of the Pacific coast of America, more or less canescent ; «
the leaves alternate, ovate or oblong, pelea, entire or nearly so,
few, ferum g the Paniggiate branches. Ray and disk yellow.” . .
4
*
x. *1. JE. Californica (Nutt. ) ra much branched; the branches pubert-:
»* Seah cag, ) eect, ate, acute, —— S angular at
anescent; leaves la
the iair osia base, abruptly parola, 3-7-nerved, nearly glabrous,
‘the margins scabrous ; inv Sici ver and ests y ep ex-^ 4
“cept the m margins, wbich a eT. Mara villous -hirsute.—JNutt trans. 9
Amer. "key soc. (n. ser.) 7. e 357.4 2
"Dry^hills, near St. Barbara [or St. D iego], Nuttall ! Ap —A low, .
| eer: brittle dr s ae er scent of. Cale ndu la or € ;
Am
; ou
E VIGUIERA. H. B. &. K. em Ww o 224, t. 99; = 4
—— DC. prodr. 578. e i
| ; the ray-flowers- How, bani those r the disk. —
perfect. Sca of tho dap behia. involucre nearly in a single series,
S somewhat iut with foliaceous tips pendages. Receptacle either co-
nical or flattish ; the persistent chaff embracing "the. achenia. Appen ndages :
: ' style sul > 24 x^ Achenia em ed pubescent. Ver v
squamellæ and 2 awns, decid ous.—Annual
je ev erbs; : s napaa oppo-
à with yell ~ S. 74 | 4
jera “prostrata, DC. is not a North American plant; and is ps edi 4
liz ' thy 3 Di ost atus Wild. à T. $ s iras A e
P L^ É r
T" : UN " r * x 4
“ge a te fate CompPosrra. 20 Viewrrna.
f
1. V. Terana: stem oaiiy, sparingly branched ; leaves alise ah law
est opposite), rhomboid-ovate, acuminate, sparingly serra ed
d Bopcemeie pubes somewhat. scabrous dion: abruptly peer into
‘long villous petioles ; feres are ery or subcorymbose ; scales of the in- |
yolucre Vries d nt, , with linear foliaceous vw
p?
€.
10; achenia pe eea R e he
» =“ Texas, Drummond !—Root and base of the stem unknown. Leaves 15
inches long, 2=3 broad, membranaceous; the lower petioles 2 inches -1
length. Bppeadages, of the paie scales longer-than the ovate- -obl n
appre ion; or those of the inner serie s, when present, shorter. Chal
fepe port
siad with a een n Tights cusp. "Squamelle of the pappus s small, roundis % i
lacerate-fimbriate s rather shorter than the achenia, dilated and lacer- .
ato-denticulate near i dié beo; -Apparently near V. laxa, ; *
,
4
E HELIANTHUS. La; Sehicula handb. t. 9585 Less. £n. p.99. c
E. Helianthus & Harpalium, Cass., Dc. excl. § Harpalizia ? à s
! a Heads many-flowered $ the: "ii-aowers several” or numerous, neutral; `-
those of the disk perfect. Involucre imbricated in 3 or more’ series; the
scales with or without foliaceous tips or appendages. Sedans flat or of
- convex; the persistent chaff embra acing the achenia. Corolla of the ds
» commonly 10-nerved, with a short proper tube. . Branthes of. the ee 4
= pid; terminated by a subulate-conical appendage. Achenia iida or ^ ir
"- y compressed, not winged or. margined. » - -Pappus of 2 chaffy pee
arising from the principal angles of the achenia, and often with 2 or mo
- smaller i ies scales. or squamelle, very deciduous. —Annual or. per-
| ennia yi . mostly rough herbs; with opposite, some-
A times alternate the FS commonly triplinerved leaves. -Heads so way $.
‘=, a =e pU co: ory mbose. Rays yellow ; the corolla. of the die Bie
etimes dark-pu purple at the summit, —Sunflouer. 4
+
1
P
The 4. RF of. the disk in Helianthus i is generally "10 nerve, the 5 ndana or^
commonly 10 o corresponding with the axis of the lacinise? in H. mollis there are _ P.
venati: it
- c this is graly: the case in 7 JoBigilblius. Th . Nu soi we ‘observe a e
or median ne nly. Porc
e ots
; ig Annual ¥ heads d largé: rays numerous : coit: involucre § al
um z wr. und leaves ra d cordate, mosty we triplinerved Anna
d "E annuus, the eer Senor, ag very generall cuts ed, | but às noe
Raturalized in this co qe em Rr X
P 4 Et - cere y
1. H. H. argoph llus : Four eiie: leaves ornati) us entire: the
lower ls dn ate, sette) on short petioles ; heads ary and, "s
on short nido scales of involucre dee acuminate, woolly + Pus
heat gies} ai af at the summit ; yappus of 2 very deci a
awns. = p e. HET o
ges Bao a TONS E Jj - hd = = i bras he
€ Ce . : *& X *
à v 58 “ * ow $
ES LU. Ed 2d ù "
p HrrnawrMUS. 9 coros. ja TÉ ii - 9319 a
Ta
Texas, ; Degmond Appatently a a large plant, "d n base ‘of the stem ` x
s m very white wool, which on the stem is loose vim *
L west 1
—' ‘obscurely hee rn - long petioles; the upper 2-3 EFOR ess aat
o den svete s pretty la ge heads in their axils, on s ich are
ldom longer than the Bent, Rays about 20. Inner bu "the involu- *
". E ber ranli all Ro 12 Chair of the recepta Sgen at Ea
* T.
* flocculent, ot the leaves appressed. o eaves (radical?) 6- 6-8 inches
e aea. Deana AS. gd até, obtuse at the basé,, gato Yok e lower oF: a
kis cordate, the “upper rmost Mies lanceolate and entire; peduncles terminal,
* sometimes pani culate; heads very lar a iei: of the involucre oval or
+ ovate; ciliate, abruptly and conspicuously ac minate; achenia appressed-
> pubescent, often as long as the corolla “ob, the disk ; the latter villous.at the á
* base; pappus of 2 lanceolate -ehaffy awns.— — Dougl. |
Hook.! fl. Bor-Amz1. p. 313; DC. ! prodr... p. 586; kd in bun.
j is
4 à "og phil. soc. 1. c. wit tubeeformts S gen init rco
a P 3 Baril. ind. (x hort. Gett. = (Linnea teh o 25.) .
Tu cor the disk Airis ous at, the d Hae oe sometimes |
[og and the Seales of the involucre = nimius ry—H. ultiflorus, Hook. !
mine of Oregon Douglas Nuttall | / and y cm the he Diao S d *
* Arkansas! and, Texas! 5. Saskatchawa n, a. E share j
Mr. Nicoilet aay tpt A epic resembling LH. with a
rough LT often Spotted) stem: ; the thin uere 1-2 indes br ; rape: ye
* et ches long and 6-10" lines wide. The stem exudes.a resin ;
A The Indians emp loy the se 4 for al " *
a Wo uL Fe : i
ES laris - (Nutt. ): stem strigose r Phispid, benik ES SCca- N
ai terme Lew: lower not requent!
early so o, on very long peti
bote (arie) heads of t
of the disk minutely “pu
f
i ceolate, acu
acuminate: corol nt or canescent at the*base ;
3 cms villous 4 pus of 2¢ lhaffy a wis Nul. / in i và Pd a un X d "d
LX patens, Lehm.!.ind. sêm. ze 1890, p i84 H. ‘ate A Nalt. è we
; se Amer. W^ dh (n 4 dug Y
.. * Upper Missouri, Nuttall! Mr. PN icollet ! ru aie ccf e P places.
| Auk. — cda ti thi Heads, aiding the (12- EE
* 3-4 inche "is as Scales e "UT involu cre na "i or broad! «ee cd
with a tuer acumination, ze ‘eral acut -Leaves most e inna
et : ‘ x* d
i pa olia T: ue switch ; Jeaves lt ternate,
m i if H. cn ifolius : hisp n wo et
on slender ‘petioles; pe duncles pommes: c xe ating a "single, o ordi :
clus i i s; i pn arrowly linear-lan- à
clustered (sessile) pee ads; scales of the in se narrowly V gt P
te nuate-acu indi: édrolla of the disk. us at
. nia jas pappus of. driinutely ene mis sm ay awns: — Mw.
Te um mys ~Sept.— Lower part E of ihe stë nknown; but
appar: ntly asm: spe the branches ohet a op in a slender
a+ ` Peduncle 4 to 10 inches Eng. . Leaves 1-3. ditis alt | deltoid-cordate, an-^
ud gulate-t d, ads an
ide scabr ]
| é often in luster of 9-4 at the apex 'of the»peduncle.
. Scales o e: ere lah ays about 15. m] of the receptacle (or
; iddle 3 ed into a slender — ne, Achenia oblong, clothed
Pp villous hairs.
tg x <
DA
x
: 7.
4 linear [very ey flat, scarcely denticulate, 1-nerved, slight
320 s COMPOSITJE. Hyvixernts,
4
5. H. debilis (Nutt.) : somewhat cibot; ; stem slender, decu meet
branching; leaves es a {rarely payer DK -ovate, eese o
, repand-s der petioles; heads (very small for
lis s division) raolitar ry, on slender RES P io les; scales of the ifeplibe t
wly lanceolate, attenuate-acuminate, achenia pubese cent; pappus of 2
minutely pubescent small 2: iaffy awns.— Nutt. ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc
n. Ser.) 7. p. 3
B. stem "mostly simple, Eas lower leaves oes opposit
Coast of East Florida, Baldwin! 8. Sand hill oF T Louisiana
and Texas, Dr. Leavenworth !—The root of the Flori plant is u
but that ‘of B., which scarce ly differs except in d simple beia m “2 feet
long), and a little more attenuate leaves (14 inch in length), is annual. In-
r =
volucre about half an inch in diameter. e of the recht S 3- “beds the
middle lobe cuspidate-acuminate. Rays 1
* * Perennial: heads small: rays 12-24: receptacle convex: scales of the involucre
ills imbricated, narrow, at len we squarrose, as long as the dark purple disk : -
es opposite, alternate, or scattered, linear, 1-nerved.—A ngustifolii,
H. angustifolius (Linn.) : stem scabrous or hairy; leaves linear, elon-
a
gated, sessile, entire, with revolute margins, 1-nerved, scabrous above, pale
b
or whitish, and often pubescent or hirsute beneath ; ithe lower oppo the
upper alternate ; heads oe slender peduncles ales
of the involucre narrowly lanceolate, acute, squarrose in fruit; chaff of the
ed
i M og Aa iong, i toothed; achenia glabrous; papis of 2 small
ch pec. 9. p. 906; Walt. Car. p. 216; Michx. ! fle 2
$. ta (Chiely) Pus ; gi 2. p. 572; Ell.! sk. 2. p. nra uus mag. t
587
2051; t. fl. Amer. Sept. t. 105; DC.! prodr. 5. P - x foliis
ineaibus & aaa ger foliis son c. Gronov.! fl. Virg. pas
Mill. à tif 2.730. n P IA, peig spec. ed. 1. Rudbeckia an-
Ret id dx (ed. 2) 2 p. 1281. Leighia nye
p
e, Wi iris leniineat mi idrib. Involucre somewhat scabrous or hairy-
Rays 12-20 20, nearly an inch eo Lobes of oe dee ucl : guae purple-
Pappus us shorter than the achen
A orgyalis. (DC.): stem tall, very smooth ; leaves quem sessile,
ghtly if a t all
of the involucre
E
scabrous; heads corymbose, on long peduneles ; Mina
: p.12, dy prodr. 5. p. 5
sas, Mr. Prais: cultivated in vie pones Tun Garden '—-
* Sud 6-101 feet hi igh. Leaves very nume and narrow, 3-6 inches
Bays bout 15, an rote or more in length. Pa appus of bri s
longs ‘to | this species hich case i s geograpt hic ends to
age ‘but we find no special n of Mr Nuttall's: Ve ode the “herbarium
of th the Academy of Natural Sciences. oe
Perennial: rays s rarély, mone: repta conver : gum of the hemispherical in-
e regularly i , appressed, lanceolate,” destitute 4 mer tips
z A x ooa cR
b n E ee
1 Maple: orbranched. Leaves 2. inches m 2-4 lines, or the xe h m |
*
Beistin: 74 E COMPOSITE. 321
or appendages, mostly shorter ry dark purple disk » leaves umaj opposite.—
~ Atrorubentes. (Discomela, Raf. Harpalium, Cass.)
t Rays 7-10, slightly iesiti or frequently wanting! foiiis Nutt.)
. H. Radula: cbe simple, ohh several from the same root, etd hir- x
Sis below, naked a Seng fn a single head ; a Ma Mi elegir crowded at
the base of the see: obut hogh ite, or pipa patulate, p obu se, entire,
-nerved or wi Yana Sani or on short w nged ati ‘él, "té beneath,
hispid above; the u deines to s lanceolate bakai scales of the involucre
and chaff of = receptacle la eolate, acuminate, dark- -purple ; achenia gla-
brous ; pappu — ioe hep as long as the proper tube “of the
. 675 Re
rm acad. P. 7. p. TO Helianthus spealus Le Conte! ine
~ ned. Ec hin nomeria apetala, Nutt. trans. Amer. phil. soc. de ser.)
+ p. 356.
Damp pine barrens of Georgia! Alabama! and Florida! Aug. -Sep
Stems erect from a decumbent base, a gis ves 1-3 feet hight « ex-
tremely hirsute below, often glabrous above, and naked, except one or two
leaves.
t t Rays. M E i y
9. H. hee hyllus (Nutt.): stem very slender, simple, sparsely hispid,
bearin od. k ad; pes ves opposite, entire, hispid above, smoothish be- im.
neath; the Tadifab and lowest cauline oval or elliptical, narrowed at the base —
a h ioled, obseurely gie oci the eolate,
or linear, sessile; les of the i A eolate, acuminate, ciliate; ch
of the receptacle acute ; ey glabrous ; Pappus of s slender chatty awns.
—Nutt.! in jour. acad. Philad. 7. p. 74.
à B. lower leaves mech with a long attenuate base esse heterophyllus,
Hook. ! c ompan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98, pa roys
č In dry soil? North Carolina! Geor ial and Alabama! rapa 8
Louisiana, Drummond! Florida 1
naked and o nns
e
d
&
B
5
Lid
nt 5 the; ower 2-3, or in 8. 4-7 inches long, 3-5 aed wide; the upper- =+
pon small. Involucre half an pg: diameter : cales disci or
pubescent; the xterior oval- Hur eolate ; the inner narrowe more acu-
minate. "ds 14-18, 1 8, large, an nch or more in length. Latte of the disk-
corolla and tips of the chaff brownish-purle Achenia narrow, when young
slightly hairy at. der summit. Awns of the papp us lanceolate-subulate,
dentic ulate. ‘er
10. H. atrorubens (Lina. ): stem hirsute ‘and sca below, eere
or loosely corymbose and naked above; leaves mo: — oval,
or ree rough and mcam triplinerv rved, som e, ui oka
k narrowed into 1 margined petioles, the lowest ten “slightly CRA
cae d oval or obovate, obtuse, minutely ciliate ; chaff of the »
w VOL. Lidl : : ý E
; i= * * ye s
p *
p M xi i
322 COMPOSITE. ' HELIANTBUS. `
receptacle sek — pcne at eie summit; pappus of2 squamel- — —
b date lanceolate awns.— Linn. ! spec. 2. we PAu. ! Kew. ( ed: 1) 3. p. 2507 m
Miche. ! fl. 2 p.140 ag part only); Ell. t 9. p- 414 ; not 5 Lam. ! of DC.
ex char., nor or Hoo H. sparsi DM Ell.! l. c. H. silphioides, Nutt. !
in trans. Am das soc. (n. ser.) 7. p. 366. Corona- FA minor, &c., Dill. — .
Elth. t. 94, Pt :
Dry soil, Virginia! to Florida! Louisiana! and Ar kansas! common
eS gne de species, vary ing in size (from 1 to 4 feet) ; the
sien r pe 1
pe ari bae ag but fieh nearly glabrous abov Taa rather thin, both
i irsute or hispid, vei i i 1e lower 3 to 6
si > i entire
inches long, and 2 to 5 E the upper small and in more distant pairs;
uppermost remote an metimes alternate. Heads small; the xus
rays Sangos, about an ich long. Involucre Bene shorter than the co
disk ; the obtuse scales obscurely 3-nerved. Chaff of the receptacle purp plish
id s tips, E oie or slightly 3-lobed. Corolla of te hes dark- per ple at the
mit, pubescent at the base of the limb. Pa of 2 min EE.
[RED or Eubirdunccot&ie pale, rather xd awns, oue all
thirds the length of the corolla. Achenia Mah. except the vs de
11. H. rigidus (Desf.) : stem simple or iar Weser , rough;
- leaves opposite, very thick and rigid, lanc oblong-lanceo
cute or acuminate at each end, n sessile, anoles serra ie or entire, some-
was triplin mere a dia hispid- (m di on both sides ;*the uppermost
sometimes al tern ; the radic oe oval, obtu e, strongly tripli inerved, petioled ;
ner
imbricated; cha T of the paopao obtuse; achenia somewhat hairy; pap-
pus of cave lanceolate scales, rather than awns, and frequently with
one or several intermediate small scales.— Desf. cat. hort ed. 3 :
atrorubens, Mic herb. in part; Hort. Berol. !
i. 9668 ; Hook.! compan. to bot. mag. 1. p. 98 (var. foliis eec
H. rrimus, Ell.! sk. 2. p. 423; DC. l.c. p. 5 we
late or ovate, more aeute.—H. diffusus , Sims, bot ides i i 2020 poor.)
H: Missuricus, * Spren g. pug. p. 23 dud Lini in nung p. 3 2
souriensis, Schwein. ! herb. ; Neg ! in trans. Amer. phil. soc. x à atroru-
s, Bot. reg. ET Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312; DC. prodr. l.c
ex char. not of Lin
à ains and prairies, "western part of Georgia, Elliott ! peer Mr. Buck-
y! and St. Louis, Drummond! to the Upper Mis ang Ar.
à voles | Hyer ‘Nuttall! Louisiana, Dr. Tanoa aii
Drummond! | 8. Missouri, Nuttall! (spec. cult.) and ses ea
tais s —Sept.—Plant stout, 1-3 feet high, rather naked above 2
.— rigid stem hispid with short papillose — often smoothish above + à
aceous hick leaves (cau p ne 3-5 inches long, an inch or less wide) very
p. 583.
gated ; scales of the involucre wone
rough hs short bristles arising ae Tite. weg give the surface a cine”
reous and often a whitish blistere . He am ted but sbowy
the disk aborts IER in d ia em ie .
the mee regularly and closely ly in d in 3-4 at
convex : the chaif e Pine m on the baiek tow Do the mmit. Lobes
ut m e aoo when ‘antes excepi the edges and sul l
EU is viliable! ios in pe agora from the same wens 3
1 either of the two scale-like without intermediate squame**
“the latter ote f ach sido. e eh the squamelle confit
E j
* m j
bad
d
E
* TOREM ae
= Ex ,
Hewanravs. — COMPOSITE. 323
es the inpr scales, w become dilated and auriculate or lobed
e bas ce we conclude that Harpalium, Cass. is
finded ks insuffgjent E very inconstant characters. The var. f. dif-
fers but slightly, and act com ipletely y into the, other ope of "lis MER
marked speci
s ibe
leaves are more attenuated to each end, more serra, and a e upper surface
comparatively smooth.—The stem sometimes exudes resin in small quantity.
*
p * * * * Perennial: rays 12-24: receptacle convex: scales of the involuere regularly
imbricated, appressed, or with somewhat spreading acute or acuminate (inappendicu-
late) tips, patie the yellow disk: leaves opposite, or the wppermost sometimes alter-
» nate —Letiflori
. H. letiflorus (Pers.): stem scabrous and branching at the ripe
[Ec oval-lanceolate, ardt acuminate, serrate, contracted at the
into short pedas ere very scabrous on both sides ; the appeal
often alterna nearly entire ; heads solitary « or somewhat corymbose, on
naked aiis: scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate,
appressed, about the length of the disks chaff aft the receptacle some whiat
i 76; DC.! prod
oothed or eei achenia glabrous.— Pers. syn. 2 E T.
5. p. 586, excl. syn. Ell. H. atrorubens, Lam.! dict. 3. p. 86, not ou pene
B. leaves all somewhat entire ; chaff of the phases 3-toothed.—H. tr
cuspis, Ell. ! . pA
"N. America ; loni Paean in the French Gardens. In barrens, &c. In-
diana, Dr. Cla] p ! Dayton, Ohio, Dr. Short! 8. Western quie =. bar orgia,
s s
®©
:B
ES
2A
S4
4
i
IO
H
Zs
S
m
S85
S
F
I
a
species, alibugh the the $ specimens ii in erbarium are ex gly im
ntalis s (Riddell): stem a slender simple, naked above, so
cal and lower cauline lea oval or tc pra did (acu
e m
isk ; achenia villous-pubescen nt towards the summit.
k.! compan. to bot.
dire as long as the
Lom ings ote Ohio plants, (1886) p. 13. H. heterophyllus, Short /
3rd suppl. at. 1.
plan
8. partly (spec. fom St. Louis) ; not o
smooth
b. plan wes notes: eus: stem (sometimes branching E kava pst br rd :
scales of the à avae eartely ciliate, attenuate-acuminate, as lon g as
Dry barrens, &c., from p. Ohio! and Kentucky ! to Missouri!
* Ll
ere Se r
f Nutt. eTa with the stem nearly
—
s cinereous-
inate, sô
M Rays 15-25, an inch long. Chaff of the receptacle. entire, the tr
324 COMPOSITE. . HzriaNTHUS.
B. Texas, Drummond ! poke e ans slender, 1 to 3 feet high, bee E
leafless, except | piri the base. Lower leaves 3-5 inches long, 1-2 b
usually roughish-pubescent or hirsute Bn. ; the pais 5-8 inches long.
eo
- Rays 12-15, nearly an i inch’ in length. Chaff of the receptacle iiy gla- -
brous, somewhat 3-toothed at the m acuté. Achenia hairy towards the "
niet and us the angles. Pappus of 2 eds eolate-sabu late awns.—
yéllow. disk. he leaves of the rus podia are more coriaceous, and
appear. brous to the naked eye and nearly smooth to the touch ; but under |
p ey are observed : be clothed with very fine and short i ael
14. H. cinereus : Ms with a que pun scabrous and cinereous
ee stem somewhat naked a eaves ovate-oblong, acutish, -
essed, serrulate, ata at the -"-—. berg the lowermost narrowed
ii: a s winged ans ; peduncles slender; scales be the involucre lanceolate,
canescent ; immature achenia qud € e summit.
B.? Sulli feci larger and more cocked i stem ,scabrons-Hiiate]
— xoi itl serrate, acute, wg upper Pest often altern
s, Drummond! 8. Near Columbus, Ohio, Mr. Sullivant /—Stem
2-3 foal bigh, virgate, ROR SAES a little branched, beari ng few heads nearly
as large as those of H. mollis. Leaves rigid, somewhat re Mec
clothed with a fine strigose pubescence, pe els is cinereous on the , but
more scabrous on the upper surface : un lowest ehm 3-5 inches per. in-4
cluding the narrowed base or petiole ; the upper small an re emote. Chal
obe acuminate ung achenia vi illous at the ‘summit (under a
ne -and somewhat so on ihe angles
. H. mollis ee | : stem d ok leaves ovate or laneo ov
uu with a what and clasping bee serrulate or
EE. “ead HEET a above, tomentose-canescen or ied
reticulated beneath; scales of the involucre lanceolate, villousp cancum d
mature achenia nearly glabrous.— Lam. ! dict. 3. Pp. 8 Fe Me odr. n Lun
37; not of Willd. &. H. ame Michz. ! fl. 2. H. pube,
cens, Willd.! spec. 3. p. 224 foe an y da Bott Bs T 524 ; Pl:
sk. 9. es 418; Hook.! c omp. to bot.
and dry praise e Ohi T Tndfana! and the western part of
Georgia ! Gs Missouri! Louisiana! and * Sige Aug.-Sept. - sel
rked, canescently ER speciei 2—4 feet high, simple. or sparingly
sir at the nit, bearing r irs AE showy heads on stout
les. Leaves all per sessile, brosdes or near the more or le 95 COF date
base, 3 to 6 inches long, often with boh surfaces canescent
slightly scabrous, the lower very soft. Sca les of the hemispherical pa
me at un-
angular summit canescent. Pappus of 2 lanceolate rae ted a scales,
somewhat fringed. —
i
espor Powwlsl: ads middle-sized : rays 8-24: involucre irregular " imbrice
ms
s
*
ted ; the scales loose, or with squarrose iadinr ger foliaceous summi, a nae "m
"ane dt (achenia glabrous ).—Corona-so
^ t eaves commonly sorde or scattered, the lower often opposite, audet Ee
triplinervi
obscurely
ET H. Nuttalli : stem smooth ; leaves alternate, the lower opposite; nar
gi acute, mostly entire, scarcely petioled, both sides
E à
Henanravs. - To COMPOSIT X. 395
Mlabecus : scales of the involucre lanceolate-subulate, QUE Rig towards
the base; pappus of 2 linear-lanceolate chaffy awns or scales.—H. Califor-
nicus, Nutt. ! an herb. acad. Philad. &c., not of
»_ Plains of Lewis River, Nuttall !—Stem a pparently strict "ind simple. .
L i 3
&
,, ‘eaves’ 4-6 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, "e veined; obscurely . tripli-
nerved near the base, bme What cinereous bene the lower remotely and
" sightly serrate. Heads nearly as giganteus. Involucre
clothed with vibitish hairs, or often hens, es "The disk: corolla is 5- Hom
. Or with intermediate nerves Boroepondiig with the axis of 2 only of a
ciniæ, but not reaching the apex. *
17. H Californicus (DC.) : stem tall, smooth, loosely Das cup upper -
nd Bliitgate, remote, elon — lanceolate, entire, attenu t the base, ~
jj Renae ig pane ‘both sides scabrous, triplinerved ; peduncle es
Y ucre line ar-sublanceolate, a little ‘longer th pide
iy a Squaronespreading, SAET -puberulent; achenia glabrous, Sawned
T
E ore |
heads larger than in H. giganenás the rigid scales of the involucre ihedfly
equal, not ciliate, very acute: pappus of poer —
eta scales, tapering Sins an awn-like poin
Mazimiliani (Schrad.): stem strigose- LEE, bra a hd; civis
Buc (those of the branches one bt sae lanceolate. entire. N
h end, brous
nearly so, tapering to eac ninate, very sca and often Canes:
cent-strigose on both sides, the sce | petoted s ; ; scales of the inv olucre lanceo-
late-subulate, much attenua te, strigose-ca - pappus of 2 lanceolate
m (e Aca scales —Schrad. er sem. hi Gatt. 1835;
f Be Branching plant, ing umer-
ous cod fully as a ein as ces "s H. giganteus; the leaves equally rough
; the canescent umerous much attenuated scales of in
sides an
involucre sometimes three-fourths of an inch long. In the wild specim
We sometirnes observe two nerves near the axis of some papa laciniae ofi ‘hie
one rolla.
hianum
AL 7. 66 or ^ Plik. alm. t. 159, f. 5. (Varies w
" la om sometitnes infula ternately verticillate.)
á ambiguus: leaves nearly all opposit e and c closely sessile, obtuse or
ER.
EE d dones of marshes, from Canada ! and Saskatchawan ! to E
Kentucky ! and the mountainous portion of the Southern States ! a
near Brooklyn, Long Island! Aug.-Oc -Oct.—Stem 3-10 n high, branched be
above, oporo s M r4 Eo summit, smooth o nearl he wards
Lea’ hes
i zu jer ; * m P
J " J (7 TUS ?
" s TM Ad 2
P. +
RAE A
=P COMPOSITE. HELIANTHUS. —
i eind, and usually slightly triplinerved at the base. Rays 15 LM F
-pale yellow, an inch or more in Wr CUM is a common speciesinthe —
Nortiern States, and is very Vineis the disposition of the leaves. The
r. p. grows Ni. RW appar ntly otha into the eee state of the»
lant ; but it is remarkable for hae the leaves not only opposite, but
É beoadesflllóar the sessile base, much as in H. divaricatus. bd m
—
20. TOSSE- noe dene stem smooth and glaucous; leaves al- —
trai d pe lanceolate or ovate- Meier attenuate- -acüminate, sharp-
ly early Serrana scabrous above, tom ooa e be- ©
EE s BE. obtuse a de base, all on slender naked petioles; peduncles ..
B brous; scales of dei voluere eoo ME lanceólate, iphiy ciliate; pap- i
pus of 2 lan ES Pci fring ges chaffy scales.— Martens, sel. sem. hort.
T , § in Linnea, sup ple 1 . 133;
less canescent beneath, Meats into the péligle ; stem scabrous
B summit.
sofiy sowie beneath; the lowermost opposite ; the upper
fon ore or rg e stly acute at the s on shorter pee stem
smooth and ro A HL giganteus, Hook.! compan. to bot. ma 98.
“acl oc e. St. Louis, Missouri, Mr. Duerinek, arsa tens) | est-
ern Louisiana, Dr. Hale! and Texas (a. & 8.) D y. St. “Louis,
Drummo di. D: Engelmann! aod jo Peter's var. p Nicollet! to
i ug.-S
; ! Dr. Pada Sullivant !
in the Texan —€— are Lm inches di tapering regular rly from near the
obtuse base to the tioles 1-3 inches in length, feather- -
veined, or or slighly pier oe the th the very soft an nd close tomentose
totes of the lower surface turning brownish uen old. ds larg rger.
appus s imes 1
s -— y- which ves app
H. gig
, In the very Smo f the
a the slender petioles.— We hates n (in "bs Schweinitz) a curious mon-
i state of this species, wi
or into a 3-5-parted corolla, tel very long linear (3-nerve Bun E»
with the einer, and even the (commonly 3-cleft) style also an :
near, 3-nerved, » petaloid bodies ,
we Xo s
E tomentosus (1 .): stem stout, hirsute- -pubescent ; leaves (am-
ple, thin,) alternate or ly opposite, oval-lanceolate, or the lower ov
rely serrate, taper ing to an acute point, contracted at the base, scabro T
above, softly pubescent-tomentose beneath; the lowermost usually tripli-
nerved; heads (large) on stout pedu uide: scales of the involucr
much acumi
žy
©
—
RB
5
e
= 2
=
[i
~-
=
ac nate, elongated, sq se, villous; chaff of t EL
(3-tooth and the corolla tomentose or t the summit; pap ;
p
ely fringed) awns.— Miche. ! f 2. p. 141 > Rul! sk. 2.
. 9. p. 589.
; DC. pr :
; a heads yer: ENN leafy at the summit ; involucre foliaceous. a ;
parent) a monstrous state).—H. squarrosus, gx ! in trans. Amer. pM
T [ERE postegoval acu ac €— more distinctly iei ; scales
involu ucre [es ac ot longer than the disk.—H. s mv in NE oH
29. p ves Partie e in the lightest ugue all opposite ,
eam thers wei —
y soil Tni Y ] M ern portions “of North Meere E 2:
Alabama! 4. C lombus, G orgia! Aug.-Oct.—Stem -8 feet high:
r leaves nches broad, 4 ten op the upper
^ often a foot long, often
3-8 long, ecl feather-veined, d peut bes , but oni
nx t at all so; all contracted at the base rt of winged petiole. |
an inch or 1 VR scales hirsut
$
E 3 E Ge
Ls T p wk
i x x rem
HennNTRUS. —— COMPOSIT X. ~~
villous, especially on he margins. Rays 12-16, or in 3. 20, apparently
yellow, an inch and a half long. Corolla of the disk pubescent. "
vtt Lei nra or the €— sometimes alternate, 3-nerved or dm
x
"
2. H. Nodes (Lam.): stem SP smooth below, M. AES `
scent or hirsu Beit leaves oppos the per alternate, ova ate, or
ovgte-lanceoiett , acumin nate, ire strongly triplinerved, scabre ve,
' sofily pubescent neni ; the upper sessile or F somewhat petioled 3) pice
» (often slightly cordate) on | margined petioles scales of the involuc
lanceolate, strongly e- te, ficamitinte h fataccels longer than em disk; a
rays 1 x —Lam. . hel. 2. p. 84 (1789), ex DC. Pete r. 5. p. 587, excl.
syn. Ell. & nae Vahl, symb. 2. p. 92, — & c.
mag. t. 2A. not of Willd. . Hookeri, eth Lo viri hor
8- eaves appressed-serrate, sometin ely sessile, finely omentose-
canescent A . pubescens, Hook. ! bol mag. t. 2778 dx, syn. 5, 4
8.
E
ompan bot. ma.
y». A less s ti beneath ; the lower (often a foot long) coarsely
serra
Fields and river-bottoms, throughout the Western! and inlan d paoor
the Reinticrs Stat July-Sept.—4A large species, 5 to 8 feet PE. pe
ample leaves amd Mis heads. Rays an inch and a half long. C
‘the receptacle hairy at the summit, and m re or less 3-toothed. Ac vd
‘glabrous, or when young slightly pi above. Pappus of 2 fringed
subulate awns,- e ofien with 2 or m termediate denticulate- pen
-squamellæ.—The r. P. often ap proaches H. tomentosus; and so :
petalus.
itl smal ppressed t
À ne or softly pubescent M
Biipliaereed, Sealy contracted into short margined petioles ; scales
involucre la late or ovate-lanceo sche acuminate, tomentosa, equal-
ling the disk, the summits copre diinan p ioe mo:
; P
i Ci.» e ! dict. ed. 7. no. 4. Chrysanthemum Canadense strumosu
hort. Lugd.?) H, levis, Walt. Car. p.215? .H. maeropbyl*
lus, W ! hort. Berol. t. 70, & enum. p. 920; DC.! prodr. ba i d
pe _ decapetalus, Darlingt.! fl. Cest. p. 483. H. altissimus,
l. 8.
es. softly Can RR ‘mollis, Wili ie Pass.
A 2. p. 572; Ell. ' à
1 ; no ^ e
i l eins ae nder, pale b ont smooth be-
ee. roll ir lanceolate, p. foliis Tanceolatis Hook. !
=e
"Cor ses a Task: of vers, Canada. and throi
West is States! E ue and Arkansas g
/ ^S $ m 2—4 feet high. Leaves 3 3-8 inc
a an less to 3 inches wide wae the base, on petiole
branch-leaves sometimes a
than in the following, with s
z
328 COMPOSITE.
tips. Rays an inch > an inch and a half long, often half an inch wide,
bright yellow. Pappus of 2, or sometimes 3, subulate chaffy aw = and fre-
quently with 2 or 3 coal intermediate scales, all epas he v -0
differs in the dp gf the MONET of the leaf, which is iucapstist
ted in E
This species is some s cultiv iis each or name a H. decape-
eee and a diffe eh plan sina to ha as H. strumosus: but
e mistake not, this is the H. arbo e Millen, "of thé Kew ‘garden, &c.
tis is sea Sein gnished by the form of the leaves, their inconspicuous ser-
= 3 the whitish lower surface
a . H. de eae (Linn.): stem branching, smooth below, scabrous at
E s ie EM: opposite, or those of the br: PEN as thin, ovate,
sees coarsely serrate, triplinerved, scabrous above, s or scabrous -
beneat upper ovate- yen all abruptly lb into usually
winged _ Tess scales of t voluere narrowly lanceolate-linear, loose,
squarrose-spreading, ae, ate ilio: s than the is ; rays 8-10
(rarely 13).— Linn. ! spec . 905; Ait.! Kew. o» (e ed. » d oe UE
sk. 9. p. 425?) Hook.! de t. mag. i. 3510; DC.! prod
strumosus & H. Se Ell.! sk.2. p.420. H. unito us £ (partly) &
UR Corsi Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 312. H. frondosus, "Darts: ! fl.
83.
Y. ix, SEA (Hook. bot. mag. 1. c.): exterior scales of the involucre larger
and per one or more “al them ee xul to leaves.—H. frondosus,
in aman. acad. 4 290, y spec 2. p. 1277.
. opm pF alconme du ‘Canada ! qp» (dira States ! ! to Kentucky! an
e saver ries of Georgia! Aug.-Sept.—Stem 2-5 feet high, Mas pur-
lish. Leaves 3-6 inches long, 1-3 broad, dias s the base, coarsely ser
rate or Koh rather paler and often gt but never pubescent ti beneath; *
gc ur surface scabrous with short often aed hairs: they are very
i when the plant grows in shade, and fréquent perfectly smooth h bena
eads middle-sizéd, on slender terminal peduncles. Involucre very van
ble. Rays rather pale yellow, an inch to an inch and a MA long, and ane
third of an inch wide. Pappus of 2 subulate chaffy aw
Bh. H. trachelifolius ees ): stem pr iene hairy or some-
wW. sc opposite, or those of the branches alternate, thin,
Or al abite or obléng- -lanceolate, MEME guae serrate, trip
E
nc
, longer than the disk; the exterior often produced into long subulate
squarrose-spreadin ng Bpbep tages ar 12-15.— Willd. qus 3. p. 2241, y
enum. p. 990 ; Link, e
“male Piles to "Ohio! des Pion Aug.-S ept. —What we take k,
for H. Ae iilis, on the authority of a specimen pity in the s Berlin T
Botanic Garden, as well as from the original character, is a species with
habit of H. decapctalus but with narrower and more appressed abrrate EE :
not strongly triplinerved, mostly long and slender scales of the ini
which are often inclined to become foliose, and pretty large pale yello
h
Link. arks that it | ai 2.6 talus * th smaller
K re at itis a more hey eae decapeta e ene ur
e heads as large as those of H. deca stakes}, er others
times
abe lower su dg ace of the leav piss im rS 5
zlabr not sure that en desc Ber-
any tolus p a —The SE aer in the 4
3 Panes, (very probably the H. prostratus,
but not Viguiera prostrata, DC.) a Dis. dua be M^ state of this spe-
an pa plant. :
MA.
>
d
HELIANTHUS. COMPOSITÆ. 329
96. H. hi rsutus (Raf.): stem simple, or dichotomous at the summit, hir-
E "Tough; leaves opposite, more or less petioled, i faeere lee;
ly cung sparsely serrate, mostly rounded or ob
nerved or triplinerved, very scabrous above, hirsute- wert dos rcs
scales of iio "infliluere ovate- lanceolate, acu minate, beige: ire qo
ied, ai t rs Wu. gee y 12.—Raf. ! nat. (1820) p
DC. prodr. 5. p. 5 (Varies with tbe leaves nearly ovate, RUPES mu
ish, but me emibanaccous when xd wing in shady plac oh ug
B. diversifolius: cauline leaves broadly ovate- in $ of th
olat hose e
branches oval or ovate, gcns slightly cordate, haii entire.—H. diver-
ee Ell.! sk. 2
rach yphyllus : stem hispid ; leaves uniform, ovate-lanceolate, mostly
T large e inches pins ine 2 state wide at the base), very fou. on
ic s li : s 12
ô. yllus : Enallér: stem hispid; leaves narrowly lanceolate, scarce
ly eair hispid. -scabrous above, roughish-hirsute beneath, the uppét
ire.
Dry soil, from Ohio! and Indiana! to feee re cd ei Aeg 8 svi
of North Carolina ! pa rai x , Alaba y. Arka
ô. Western «tem ! Dr. e worth ! "exa as, Dä ad
uly-Oct.—A polym orphous species with rper heads than H. divaricatus
(on short peduncles metimes leafy at the summit), and the
21. ed the involuore ont aba hirsute) more appressed, but the tips
r less spreading: it is also distinguished by the distinct,
Shine short petioles, Pappus of two subulate denticulate awns, longer
than the achen
~H. aa (Linn.) : stem simple, or corymbose-2-3-dichotomous
allies "smooth, or the branches and peduncles sparsely hispid with spreadi
hairs; leaves opposite, Arancel, sessile, ovate e-lanceolate, or lanceolate
from an ovate base, gradually acuminate, serrate, 3-nerved from the round-
r a ery sc
lengt an Sip ME eading, DE the disk ; 8-12.—
Linn.! spec. 9. p.906; Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p.250 ; Pursh, T pr - p. 576
"ei the char
ongs to H. gated Bigel.! fl. Bost. . ed. 2. p. ook.
Bor.- Am. 1 1. p. 312 (excl. char.) ; Darlingt. ! fi. Cest. p. T bt g^
. 987. bia kp Porg- vii sk. 2. p. 416. Circe
t
au f:
never alternate, mice divancalis a a sessile zi X i
base, the ering to a sharp point, ong, an inch or less (rare-
ly 2 inches =) wide a hs base. Heads rather eal Pappus of 2 ES sub-
ulate chaffy i
* * o & * * Perennial: heads small: rays e rary 10: rl i i
Pss uos imbricated, — shorter tham the yellow disk;
ty tines — Microcephali je
acumenalte UPS. er UH i
qx = if
, somew hat serrate, petioled, v
son, Der t be neath ; heads o on: slender coge
is 21
em
N
*
330 COMPOSITE. HELIANTHUS.
ciliate; the exterior with acute or acuminate herbaceous ; AanATTORe spot
tips; rays 5-6; pappus of 2 small mgr eos awns.—H. div peels
Miche. “Al. 2. p. 141; IET of Lin H.s sus,
var. Me a CELT TIS p: S20. H. diede ges in ME egit 3.
p. 617? 3 not of H. B. & K., (which apparently has the priority in
ion.)
8. leaves more sharply serrate, the soft pubescence of the lower surface
pee brownish; heads rather larger.—H. divaricatus var. ferrugineus,
EE EGS
y. upper leaves ovate ; ; i maa arger ; involucre more squarrose.—
H. trachelifolius, Hook. / comp. to bot.
Thickets, and in alluv ial soil, Tone onda (Goldie, in herb. Hook.)
j cnm Pennsylvania! Ohio! Indiana! and Kentucky! to the western
part of ak e and to Louisiana! y. Covington, Louisiana, Drummond !
July-Sept.—Stems growing usually in tufts, 3-6 feet di 2-3-chotomously
branched oom clothed beneath s soft pubescence, and sprinkled
with minute resinous dots, REY. vein did qiiam pes cn abruptly
contracted into distinct petioles E 1 or less i ength (it is db bya
print or error of the pen, Te "Elliot desc eru the petioles as 3 to 6 inches
long!) : the lower 6 to 10 inches long, 2-3 broad at the e tapering to
near! c ,8 i iameter.
of the receptacle oblong, dem at the a and more or less 3-toothed.
Rays nearly an inch long. Throat of the isk BEE y pearcely longer than
the lobes, pubescent towards the base, as well as the ‘short tube. Pappus
shorter than the nearly glabrous achenia.—Somewha hei in apk &c.;
but remarkable for its very few rays, which are large for the size as the head,
its smooth much-branched stems, and thin distinctly petioled leaves.
- H. Schweinitzii: stem strigose-pubescent, branching above; lea
ite (or those of the branches alternate), narrowly lanceolate, Aes to
A iendos acute point, obscurely and sparingly serrulate, narrowed at t the
n v i n
r y sessile, triplinerved, very rous above, densely. tomentose
and canescent beneat ead slender canescent peduncles terminaung
th omous branches ; scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, acute oF
e h
acuminate, hairy, the tips s anae; rays mostly 8; pappus of 2 lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate chaff: = E OMNE
Near Salem, North is ad Schweinitz ! and in Meskennera oun
- M. A. Curtis | —Stem. apparently 3 to 6 feet high. Leaves thic kish;
carcely an inch wide ne
r 3-5 inches long, half an inch wide, more closely sessile. Heads rather
a than in H. microcephalus : involucre somewhat hirsute-canescent;
the scales rather shorter than the disk. Chaff of hs receptacle more or less
-toothed ° and hairy at the summit. Pappus shorter than the glabrous
30. Bı lævigatus : stem glabrous and glaucous, bie n leaves Oppo-
site, or the uppermost alternate, oblong- -lanceolate, acute, sessile, entire Of
~~ serrulate, with scabrous smooth and )
» vein di apr hep sh heads terminating the h acuminate
scale
wn
EE d x
TA
x
$
HertaNTHUS. COMPOSITE. 331
than in that species, pale. Meri -— at = ves but so or — sessile.
eads about twice the size of t of H. microcephalus, of the e shape,
on slender peduncles; the pirim vo the javob (all rv a hais “he disk)
slightly ciliate. Chaff of the peente linear. entire, obtuse. rolla. of
the disk with a long throat, and a very short proper tube. Achenia glabrous,
r with a
sometimes confluent with the larger oues, all deciduous, as usual in the
genus
31. - cus arand (Pursh) : ides — -— — stems. endet,
often numero the same root; leaves opposite or rarely virum
s fro
lineae-lanceolae, ipid entire, oecirely iplinerved, sessile ; the low
and radical tapering into slender n! petioles, rarely somew hat
f les
etm heads few, terminating the simple or dichotomous branches; sca
of the involucre ovate-lanceolat the ira with lanceolata bulitip
spreading tips, as long as t y 10, ; iry at
the summit; pappus of 2 ovate-lanceolate concave denticulate-fringed chaffy
scales, and Puri with two intermediate squamelle.—Pursh, fl. 2. p. 571;
Ell.! sk. 9. p. A17. Leighia longifolia, Nutt. / in trans. Amer. phil. soc.
(n. ser.) 7. p. 365.
. Western part of Georgia! in wet soil. Sept.-Oct.—An anomalous spe-
ies, with the aspect of an aquatic ye ial a as Elio Anile very smooth
thro ighout. Stems 2 to 4 feet high, nearly simple. Lea e inches
a
brous, e cept the summit. Pappus deciduous, as in eee begs areal "i
t Obscure or little-known species.
auciflorus (Nutt.) : leaves ied liner aneeoate, acuminate,
Pia are ^nm a aut naked, trichotomous, few-flowered ; scales of
the involucre closely imbricated, ovate. Nutt. pd 2. 5.175
ower Louisiana.—Plant 4-5 feet high. Leaves sometimes ternately
Pin very long, paler beneath and somewhat pubescent. Ray an
k nearly the sam e color. Nutt.— This species is unknown to us; we find
no specimen in the erhia of the Academy of Natural Sciences
33. H. pumilus (Nutt.): hirsutely pilose and scabrous; lea
waite pim ^ ted below W, ee nearly attics devoti
upper leaves lanceolate, prede involucrum hoary, hispid, the scales im-
bricated, lanceolate, acute, as well as neh receptacular pales; achenium |
smooth.—Nutt. in trans. Amer. phil. soc. (n. ser.) 7. " -
B.? Nicolleti: somewhat strigose-canescent: stem simple; leaves (the
lowest wanting) lanceolate, 1-nerved, tapering to the cpi: sessile, obscurely
serrulate; the uppermost alternate; sc
ulate, canesce iy pubesce ent; rays 14 14-20; pappus of 2 oblong-laneeolate
affy scales.
Roc f the Platte, Nuttall ; who describes it as a seein
sngle-sem Moncnsing of the bout a foot high; the leaves 2-3 inches long, about
an inch wide. Heads 3-5. cere!
achenium rather large and w ev. :
in the N. W. Te RA by Mr. Nicollet, has fius wet leaves, about
half an inch wide, and ponr ree heads for the size of af stem. It is per-
haps different from Mr. Nuttall's plant, which is unknown to us ; butthespe-
cimens are insufficient. We pei a fragment iid dada o a ies, col-
B
Se
Met
i
332 COMPOSITE. HEvIANTHUS.
cted in the same region ae Major Long’s second expedition ; in which
le ;
all the leaves are opposite and somewhat spatulate, the cauline broader, and
nearly agreeing with the pss of Mr. Nuttall’s H. pumilus.
34 ouglasii: upper part of the stem and branches priae y
e leaves MR unte. rhomboid- oi scabrous-pubes eee obscurel tripli-
d, sew or gii Ags este contracted into winged petioles ; peduncles
tilii l, naked; erior scales of the involucre foliaceons, linear-oblong,
obtuse, yea hàn ex disk, spirali or reflexed ; rays 12 or more, small;
chaff of the pecie entire; achenia glabrous; pappus of two dicida
subulate rod SA
Een for y vs Chi /—The imperfect specimens ie whi we have
de
AST
the summit of the stem, which appears to have been woe or r decumbent:
the leaves are 2-3 inches long, including the cuneiform base or wi nged
petiole.
35. H. hispidulus (Ell.): stem scabrous; leaves reas vins ovate-
lanceolate, tapering towards the summit, serrulate, scabrous on the uppe
surface, paler underneath and EU hispid ; — x ‘ies involacig ovate-
lanceolate, gear ; chaff 3 3-tooth Ell. sk. 2
Pine barrens near Louisville, ‘Gece rgia Sept set shine 3-4 feet high.
Leaves long, sae triplin nerved, very o scurely serrulate. Involucre as
long as the dis rs 8—10, 0, about an inch long. Æll.—So wretched are
the original s speci Ellio ts herbarium, now before us, that we are un-
set with small and sc etii Falher si igid white hairs along the
veins, Per ipis. d with deri resinous Lo tutes a lens), similar to
what we frequently observe in H. str
36. H. multiflorus "e ): rhizoma chon inflexed ; stem erect, branch-
ing, i abtoos ; leaves alternate, sometim y diee e, or the lowest ternate,
petioled, okot, triplinerved, scabrous; di lower cordate, the upper ovate;
seales of the involucre lanceolate, the e sei line mre ciliate,
ENDE but not squarrose ; rays An numerous. DC—Linn.! (hort.
liff-) spec. 9. p. 905; Ait. Kew. (ed. 1) 3. p. 248; Lam. ill. t. 706 ; Bol.
mag. t. 227; DC. prodr. 5. p. 590, probably not of Pursh, &c.
jua Hort. Cliff): but
we have seen no native specimens that correspond with the cultivated we
which has been known in European gardens for more than 200 yea :
rode dou bt i it were derived from this country ; but if so, it probably ori-
ic = e
y Linneus as havin ordate-ovate leaves, with the scales 0
involucre stmt linear-lanceolate] loosely i imbricated, neither squa
nor droopi E rd
tt m species.
37. H. tuberosus (Linn.) : root bearing o éblon ng tubers; — — branch- T
ing, se scabrous; leaves alternate, petioled, triplinerved, scabro errate Z
te cone] cordate-ovate; the u ovate, acuminate 5 ; petioles carn
per
scales of the involucre Nur lupesclate;- ciliate. TA
the base;
iren Arg t t. adh Schkuhr, handb. t. 258 ; Beck, bot. p. 2
fence-rows, &c., in many laces, where it becomes
(d. Said to have been derived originally from Brazil:
"m
EN
Lovers m mec T T TESING c EU
y
HELIANTHUS. COMPOSITÆ. 333
cultivated for a very long period for its fleshy tubers.—Rays 12-15, Pappus
of 1 to 4 subulate scales or chafly awns.—Jerusalem Artichoke.
neglectus, Hort. Berol. 1840; we have seen no description of this species. Is
it a rigidus ?
H. villosus, Nutt. is enumerated in Loud. hort. Brit., but no-where described.
98. HELIANTHELLA.
Heads many-flowered ; the ray-flowers 10-24, neutral ; those of the disk
perfect. Scales of the involucre linear or lanceolate, in dons series, loose,
somewhat foliaceous. Chaff of the receptacle persistent, embracing the
achenia. Corolla of the disk cylindrical, elongated, 5-toothed, with a very
short proper tube. Branches of the style very hispid, more or less obtuse.
at the summit into a short auriculate and lacerate persistent appendage or
into an Eb, sometimes with intermediate squamellæ, or an obscure coroni-
ze, glabrous, or ciliate. —Perennial herbs, with linear or lanceolate
mostly scattered and sessile entire leaves, and solitary showy heads termina-
ting the stem or branches.
§ 1. Receptacle convex : appendages of the style E. hispid throughout.
. H. grandiflora: stem simple, leafy, scabrous-pubescent ; leaves lan-
Miss. Woar, 1-nerved, scabrous-hispid ; scales of d involuere lanceo late,
acute, somewhat app essed, tat the length of the disk; rays 16-20, elon-
gated; chaff of the receptacle as long as the sone; obscurely 3-toothed ;
immature achenia oval, compressed, rous, with e sre p be
summit, 1ewhat lacerate-fringed, i ne
minute and deciduous aristate squamelle, the whole summit ediki uae a
ring of minute hairs; the inner edge slightly winge
i i .
East Florida, Dr. Leavenworth! Dr. Burrows !—Stem apparently 3-4 feet
high, the base wanting. Leaves without or rder, sometimes aei wee
í h
2-4 lines wide, obtuse at the b ower 2 inchés; the
ly an inch long near ch in dia ; the ita dum @
inches long. Corolla sparsely bairy towards the base, the teeth nearly gla-
e two gibbosities or auricles of the achenia e the pappus of
species of Coreopsis; th ich is formed by the prolongation of the
inner and wing-l margin e achenium is often largest: the
tmediate sq , but a crown-like ring of bristles which
"ay takes their place: the small awns or squamelle, when p
arise from within the auricles.
brous, simple, or branching at the sum
2. H. tenui — stem sleni al
near, 1- erved, very scabrous; scales of the in-
mit; leaves very n eek near,
y esl Ege lat , hirsute, as as th
cha ‘oblong, 3-lobed, Meet aa the corolla ; : aec, HRSA short, quad-
rangular; the and posterior angles strongest or so mewhat margifed,
each produced en ai the s — into a stout persistent c chatty tooth, the interme-
Sand hills, M idem Y Florida, Dr. Chapman Leones inches or more in
wide. Heads not half the size of the preceding.
tube very short and indurated.
ngth, less than a line
Disk-corolla shore: glabrous; ihe proper t
| e *
b
p^
-nected
334 COMPOSITÆ. HLIANTHELLA.
Style — - - — Summit of the ertum obscurely coron
produced i somewhat lacerate tooth at the principal we ro
inner angle pcm iod: very obscurely toothed the intermediate angles.
§ 2. Receptacle flat ; the chaff broad, chartaceo-membranaceous, entire: scales
e involucre squarrose-spreading $ the inner linear- lanceolate ; the exte-
rior foliaceous, or some of them changed into leaves: branches of the style
smooth below, terminated by a short dilated or spatulate appendage, =
hispid margins : teeth of the corolla densely puberulent externally : ovari
flat, with narrow winged margins.
. H. Douglasii: stem (the upper porn poe with spreading hairs; |
eiu: angled; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ac essile, Pd gla-
brous, or sparsely hirsute- pubescent on n the mide a e margins solitary,
pedunculate ; the winged margins of the ng achenia Íacerate-fringed a
PoJ ON
the summit, not awned ; ; in ntermediate squamellæ obsolete
Interior of Oregon ; ** common on the Mme range of ike ‘Blue Moun-
tains, 3-5 feet high, rarely — Douglas! in herb. Hook.—The s
cimen wants the lower part of the stem: it appears i be nearly allied to Mr.
Nuttall’s Leighia p reas but te Pix en are closely sessile and tripli-
ner
disk an inch in n diam eter, = rays about 24) i is ; bord on a hirsute peduncle
ndages
= t the su su mit, a e not dn ae into awns. etter specimens, however, are
for or the own determination of these species. —The coroll
genus exhibits the ordinary venation of the family ; but some flowers of this
vn s present the intermediate nerves, like most Heliant
. H. lan ceolata : nearly glabrous; stem grooved, que 2-3 0
subsecsie heads; leaves c dai acuminate at each end, pe
ore
dee
into PR r sin pee ice or thrice The length of the ovary ; interme
diate asd Senta .—Leighia lanceolata, Nuit. ! in trans. Amer. phil.
soc. (n. ser.
ocky JC rae plains, and Upper California? Nuttall.—Having no spe
cimens (except the ovaries), we have drawn the character from Mr. Nuattall’s
description. The stem is said to be 12 to 18 inches high; hos lower leaves
6-8 inches long, an inch broad. Rays 12-14: the chaff re
5. H. uniflora: stem and leaves clothed with a short and soft oft somewhat
cinereous ec